1、Guide for Development of Rest Areas on Major Arterials and Freeways Third Edition prepared by the AASHTO Task Force on Geometric Design American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Guide for Development of Rest Areas on Major Arterials and Freeways Third Edition American Associ
2、ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 (202) 624-5800 (tel) (202) 624-5806 (fax) www.transportation .org Copyright O 2001 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All Rights Reserved. Printe
3、d in Canada. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publishers. ISBN: 1-56051 -1 51 -6 Most states have established rest-area programs including planning, design, con- struction operation and rehabilitation components, designed to meet safety
4、 and ser- vice needs of highway users. Not all these programs are fully implemented. Some states are reevaluating them, and through comprehensive and strategic planning are refining their programs to match current state transportation goals, objectives, and investment strategies. Nationally, a broad
5、 range of motorist services within rest areas have been developed on both the Interstate and National Highway systems. This Guide provides an overview of components necessary to establish and main- tain a successful statewide rest-area program and describes the range of services to be provided. Tran
6、sportation officials must recognize the importance of rest areas. The primary responsibility of the state to persons using highway systems is safety, and rest areas are an important instrument for its improvement. Accident reduction is their pri- mary function. Greater highway safety is the major be
7、nefit in establishing rest areas, through safe off-road locations for motorists to rest, sleep, change drivers, and check vehicle loads andor minor mechanical problems. Additional benefits for motorists are relief from extended travel period time, increased comfort and conve- nience, and locations f
8、or public agencies to communicate with travelers. In his National Cooperative Highway Research Program report on evaluation of roadside rest areas, G. E King (1989) estimated that on rural interstate highways, absence of rest areas results in a 52 percent increase in shoulder-related accidents. iii
9、Guidejor Development of Rest Areas oit Major Arterials and Freeways He also projected, based on motorist interviews at 13 rest areas in 5 states that “drivers who are fatigued and who enter a rest area represent an estimated 4.5 per- cent of the total traffic stream,” and that “reduction in driver f
10、atigue accident rates due to the rest area is 3.7 percent.” Well-designed, well-maintained rest areas also create positive images for out-of- state motorists and enhance quality of life for the states own residents. They pro- vide opportunities for state transportation agencies and tourism groups to
11、 commu- nicate with motorists in promoting state and local programs, and to provide road and weather information and such directional services as maps, routing sugges- tions, traffic incident warnings, and road construction schedules. Transportation managers must consider priorities for rest-area de
12、velopment and rehabilitation as integral to the highway infrastructure. To encourage effective funding decisions, regional and local transportation partners must be educated as to the safety value, costs-benefits, and motorist services provided by rest areas. Fail- ure to establish and maintain supp
13、ort, well-coordinated at all levels of government, inevitably results in ineffective programs. Once a rest-area program is established, then management, research, and planning must become continuing activities (i) to document user needs, (2) to identify issues impacting rehabilitation and new develo
14、pment, (3) to monitor issues and changes affecting program decisions, and (4) to establish mechanisms communicating pro- gram purpose, service needs, and benefits to state and local transportation planners. Managements commitment to a rest-area development program should include establishing and sup
15、porting statewide program objectives, priorities, and funding levels (including construction, operation, and maintenance) as part of each states overall infrastructure development objectives. MSHTO Task Force on Geometric Desigti iv Foreword Voting Members Officers: President: Thomas R. Warne, Utah
16、Vice President: E. Deun Curlson, Kansas Secretary-Treasurer: Clyde Pyers, Maryland Regional Representatives: Region I: James Sullivan, Connecticut William Anknel; Rhode Island Region II: Kam K. Movassaghi, Louisiana David McCoy, North Carolina Region III: James C. Codell, III, Kentucky Cristine Klik
17、a, Indiana Region IV: Sid Morrison, Washington Pete Rahn, New Mexico Non votrig Members Immediate Past President: Dan Flowers, Arkansas AASHO Executive Director: John C. Horsley V officers Chairman: Robert L. Walters, Arkansas Secretary: William A. Prosser, Federal Highway Administration Mein be i-s
18、 Region I: Donald A. Lyford, New Hampshire Charles A. Goessel, New Jersey Philip J. Clark, New York Robert P. Parisi, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey William Prosser, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary Robert L. Walters, Arkansas, Chairman John Sacksteder, Kentucky John Pickering, M
19、ississippi Norman H. Roush, West Virginia Region II: Don T. Arkle, Alabama vi Region III: Ken Lazal; Illinois James O. Brewel; Kansas Ted Watson, Nebraska Larry Sutherland, Ohio Region IV: Terry H. Ottemess, Arizona Terry L. Abbott, California Charlie V Trujillo, New Mexico Steve R. Oxoby, Nevada Ma
20、rkA. Marek, Texas Paul l? Bercich, Wyoming American Public Works Association: John N. LaPlante National Association of County Engineers: Dennis A. Grylicki National League of Cities: Harold E. Bastin vii e Qficers Chairman: Kenneth I. Warren, Mississippi, 601 -359- 7002 Vice Chairman: James E By mes
21、, Connecticut, 860-594-2 701 Secretary: Henry Rentz, FHWA, 202-366-4853 Members Alabama, Don T. Arkle, Steven E. Walker Alaska, Mike Downing Arizona, John L. Louis Arkansas, Dale E Loe, Phillip L. McConnell California, Alan Glen Colorado, mothy J. Harris Connecticut, Carl E Bard, James E Byrnes, Jr.
22、, Bradly J. Smith Delaware, Michael A. Angelo, Joseph M. Satterjeld, JK, Michael H. Simmons District of Columbia, Sanford H. Vinick viii ree wuys Guide,for ieveiopinent of Rest Areas on Major Arteriuk urd r Florida, Billy Hattaway, Jim Mills, Freddie L. Simmons Georgia, James Kennedy, Joseph Palladi
23、, Walker u! Scott Hawaii, Larry Leopardi Idaho, Steven Hutchinson Illinois, William T Sunley Indiana, Phelps H. Klika Iowa, Jay L. Chiglo, Donald L. East, David L. Little Kansas, Richard G. Adams, James O. Brewer Kentucky, David Kratt, Charles S. Raymel; John Sacksteder Louisiana, N. Kent Israel, Ni
24、ck Kalivado, III, Lloyd “Buddy” Porta Maine, Michael E. Bums Maiylartd, Robert Douglass, Kir-li G. McClelluttd Massachusetts, John Blundo, Stanley Wood, JI: Michigan, Paul F: Miller Minnesota, Delbert “Del” Gerdes Mississippi, John Pickering, Wendel 7 Rufi Kenneth I. Warren Missouri, Humbert Sfreddo
25、, J.T Bill Yarnell, JI: Montana, Ronald E. Williams Nebraska, Eldon D. Poppe Nevada, Susan Martinovich, Steve R. Oxoby New Hampshire, Craig A. Green New Jersey, Richard u! Dunne, Arthur J. Eisdorjel; Charle Charles Miller New Mexico, Roy Maestas Go New York, Peter J. Bellail; Philip J. Clark, Robert
26、 A. Dennison North Carolina, Len Hill, Don R. Morton, G.7: (Tom) Shearin North Dakota, Ken Birst Ohio, Larry J. Shannon SS ix Oklahoma, Christine M. Senkowski, Bruce E. Taylor Oregon, Jeff Scheick Pennsylvania, Mahendra G. Patel, Dean A. Schreiber Puerto Rico, Jose E. Hernandez Rhode Island, J. Mich
27、ael Bennett South Carolina, William M. Dubose, III, Rocque Kneece, Robert I. Pratt South Dakota, Timothy Bjorneberg, Larry Engbrecht Tennessee, James 19 Alexandel; Harris Scott, Jim Zeigler Texas, Robert Wilson US. DOT, Henry H. Rentz (FHWA), John Rice (FAA) Utah, P.K. Mohanty Vermont, Donald H. Lat
28、hrop, Robert F: Shattuck Virginia, James I: Harris, Jimmy Mills, Mohammed Mirshahi Washington, Richard Albin, Brian J. Ziegler West Virginia, David E. Clevengel; Randolph Epperly, Jz, Norman H. Roush Wisconsin, John E. Haverberg, Robert E Pfeiffer Wyoming, Paul Bercich Alberta, Alan Kwan British Col
29、umbia, Mew Clark Mariana Islands, Edward M. Deleon Guerrero New Brunswick, C. Herbert Page Newfoundland, Terry McCarthy Northwest Territories, Peter Vician Ontario, Joseph A. Bucik Saskatchewan, Ted Stobbs Associate l-t Por? Authoriv of New York and New Jersey, J. Lawrence Williams Associate il US.
30、Department of Agricitltirre, Richard Sown Committee i(n AASHTO Staff Liaison: Ken I;: Kobetsb, 202-624-5800 contents Foreword iii Executive Committee 1999-2000 v Task Force on Geometric Design 2000 vi Highway Subcommittee on Design 2000 viii Contents xiii List of Illustrations and Tables xvii CHAPTE
31、R 1 Planning and Program Development 1 A. Program Considerations 2 1. GuidelinesLRegulations 2 2. Developing a Statewide Rest-Area Plan 3 a) Integration with Highway Transportation Planning b) Investment-Planning Decisions and Priorities c) A State Action Plan 9 3. Needs Assessment 11 a) Issues Eval
32、uation 12 bj Corridor Analysis 13 c) Site Reevaluation 15 d) Recnmmendatjnns 16 8 8 xiii 4. Developmental Guidelines 17 a) Traffic Types 18 b) Spacing and Capacity 18 c)Tourism 19 d) Special Site Opportunities 19 e) Range of Services Provided f) Maintenance Required 21 g) Utilities Provided 22 h) Co
33、ncurrent Construction and Funding i) Security 22 j) Combining Operations 22 B. Systems Analysis 23 20 22 1. Trafic Volumes and Types 23 2. Annual-Usage Surveys 23 3. Recommended Spacing Interval 26 4. Maximum Parking Spaces 26 5. Systems-Analysis Procedure 26 C. Program Development 31 CAP?E 2 Upgrad
34、ing Existing Rest Areas 33 A. Location 33 B. Site Configuration and Size 34 C. Existing Building Evaluation 35 CHAPTER 3 Locating New Rest Areas 37 A. Site Criteria 38 1. Site Features 38 2. Utilities Available 40 3. Site Spacing 41 4. Corridor Geometry 42 5. Environmental Effects 44 6. Right-of-way
35、 Opportunities 44 B. Site-Selection Process 45 xiv C. Preliminary Design Process 47 1. Site-Analysis Diagram 49 2. Relationship Diagram 50 3. Alignment Study 52 4. Design Concept M D. Environmental Documentation 55 Design: Site Development and Details 57 A. Aesthetics 57 B. Site Development 59 I. Ge
36、ometrics of Entry and Exit Ramps 59 2. Grading and Drainage 60 3. Parking Layout and Paving Design 4. Design and Maintenance 70 S. Pedestrian Circulation 71 a) Safety Considerations 71 b) Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities 72 c) Primary/Secondary Pedestrian Circulation 72 d) Terraces and De
37、cks 75 a) Building and Site Design Coordination b) Building and Structure Siting c) Building Plans 76 62 6. Building-Related Site Development 75 75 76 7. Signing 78 8. Lighting 79 9. Site Features 81 C. Site Details 83 1. Walkways 83 2. Picnic Tables and Shelters 3. Retaining Walls 85 4. InJormation
38、 Kiosks 86 5. Telephones 87 6. Benches and Planters 88 7. Drinking Fountains 88 8. Pet-Exercise Areas 88 9. Fences 89 IQ. Screens 90 II. Vending Facilities 90 84 Cuide far Development of Rest Areas mi Mujor Arteriuls and Freeways D. E. 12. Waste and Recycling Receptacles 92 13. Sewage Dump Stations
39、93 14. Special Site Details 94 Security 95 I. Buildings and Structures 97 2. Surveillance Systems 97 Water-Supply and Wastewater Treatment 97 E Landscape Development 99 G. Erosion Control 102 H. Utilities (Electric, Gas) 102 1. Service Lines 103 2. Equipment Location 103 CHAPTER 5 Maintenance and Op
40、eration Appendix 107 Glossary 115 Bibliography 121 Index 125 Plan 105 s FIGURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 la. 1 lb. 12. 13. 14a. 14b. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21a. 21b. Existing Interstate rest areas 4 Interstate rest areas to be removed Interstate rest-area master plan 6 New Interstate rest ar
41、eas 7 Utilization of natural amenities 20 Interactive-computer kiosk and tourist-information center Rest-area usage survey 25 Systems-analysis matrix 28 Systems-analysis worksheet 29 Example of historical interest 40 Examples of rest-area layouts 43 Examples of rest-area layouts 43 Site reconnaissan
42、ce form 46 Rest-area design calculations form 48 Site-analysis visual and cultural resources 50 Existing conditions for vegetation and wetland Relationship diagram 5 1 Alignment study 52 Inward-oriented design 53 Outward-oriented design 54 Concept plan 55 Example of regional rest-area design Tapered
43、 ramp design 59 Parallel-type ramp design 59 5 50 58 21 xvii Guide for evelopmenr of Rest Areas on kfajor Arterials and Fwetiwys 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33a. 33b. 34a. 34b. 35. 36a. 36b. 37. 38a. 38b. 39. Al. TABLE 1. Al. A2. A3. Parking layout 63 Parking layout 64 Parking layout
44、 65 Parking-area design dimensions 67 Truck-parking bay design dimensions 68 Bus-parking bay design dimensions 69 Example of use of paving materials 74 Rest-area lighting 80 Picnic area 84 Picnic shelter 85 Information kiosk 87 Examples of fencing 89 Examples of fencing 90 Vending facilities 91 Vend
45、ing facilities 92 Recycling center 93 Examples of special site details 94 Examples of special site details 95 State police presence 96 Uses of plant materials 100 Uses of plant materials i00 Use of existing forest canopy Modeling process for estimating rest-area truck-parking spaces 101 108 Recommen
46、ded lighting levels 81 Summary of factors and data requirements Recommended parameter values 110 Recommended parameter values 11 1 109 xviii Lirt of Illusrtutions arid Eibles Rest areas are integral to highway systems and require a comprehensive, statewide investment-planning process. They are eligi
47、ble for all the development and preser- vation funding sources available for the highways they serve. Rest-area develop- ment and preservation projects are subject to the same levels of highway planning, environmental documentation, and public involvement required for all other high- way constructio
48、n projects. The essential first step in developing a successful rest-area program is a compre- hensive planning and investment process. This requires that needs be identified, their impacts determined, solutions developed through an orderly planning process, and that planners state these solutions i
49、n terms of a program. Once this is done, there must be an investment strategy and commitment to the program by managers of the transportation agency. This chapter discusses basic elements in establishing and maintaining a successful planning process for development of rest areas. The primary emphasis is on pro- gram considerations, including federal, state, and local regulations and operational guidelines, major planning parameters, and systems-analysis development to iden- tify comprehensive needs. Comprehensive planning and program development sh
