1、 ANSI/BICSI 006-2015 Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices Committee Approval: February 2015 First Published: May 2015 i BICSI International Standards BICSI international standards contain information deemed to be of technical value to the industry and are publish
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16、 BICSI without such limitations. Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.1.1 Trends Affecting DAS 2 1.2 Purpose 3 1.3 Categories of Criteria . 3 2 Scope 3 2.1 Limitations . 3 3 Required Standards a
17、nd Documents 5 4 Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units of Measurement 7 4.1 Definitions 7 4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 10 4.3 Units of Measurement. 11 5 Regulatory and Safety 13 5.1 Local Code Requirements 13 5.2 Local DAS Requirements . 13 5.3 Personnel Safety Requirements . 13 6 Distri
18、buted Antenna Systems and Components 15 6.1 Types of DAS . 15 6.1.1 Overview . 15 6.1.2 Passive DAS 15 6.1.3 Active DAS . 16 6.1.4 Hybrid DAS 17 6.2 Signal Source Technology 18 6.2.1 Introduction . 18 6.2.2 Common Signal Types 18 6.2.3 Common Services and Systems 20 6.3 Headend and Backend Equipment
19、 21 6.3.1 Overview . 21 6.3.2 Master Control Unit (MCU) 21 6.3.3 Signal Booster (Bidirectional Amplifier) 22 6.3.4 RF Source Equipment . 22 6.3.5 Backend Equipment 22 6.3.6 Remote Monitoring and Network Management 22 6.4 Passive Distribution Equipment 23 6.4.1 Introduction . 23 6.4.2 Passive Intermo
20、dulation 23 6.4.3 Components 23 6.5 Cabling . 24 6.5.1 Coaxial 24 6.5.2 Radiating Coaxial 26 6.5.3 Balanced Twisted-Pair 26 6.5.4 Optical Fiber . 27 ANSI/BICSI 006-2015 iv 6.6 Antennas 27 6.6.1 Overview . 27 6.6.2 Antenna Parameters 27 6.6.3 Antenna Characteristics 28 6.6.4 Antenna Types 28 6.7 Acti
21、ve Distribution Equipment 31 6.7.1 Transceivers 31 6.7.2 Amplifiers . 31 6.7.3 Bidirectional Amplifiers (BDA) . 31 6.7.4 Unidirectional Amplifiers . 32 6.7.5 Repeaters . 32 6.7.6 Media Converters 32 6.7.7 Frequency Converters . 32 6.7.8 Relays 32 6.8 Electrical Components . 32 6.8.1 Overview . 32 6.
22、8.2 Suppression Units . 32 6.8.3 Power Supply 33 6.9 Software and Management Systems 34 6.9.1 Overview . 34 7 DAS Design . 35 7.1 Overview 35 7.2 DAS Personnel 35 7.2.1 Overview . 35 7.2.2 Division of Design and Installation Task Responsibilities 35 7.2.3 Designer Qualifications . 35 7.2.4 Installer
23、 and Service Personnel Qualifications 36 7.3 Design and Implementation Coordination . 37 7.3.1 Overview . 37 7.3.2 Plan Documentation 37 7.3.3 Coordination of Specific Parties . 40 7.4 Site Survey and Needs Analysis . 41 7.4.1 Site Survey 41 7.4.2 Needs Analysis 42 7.4.3 Building/Structure Construct
24、ion . 44 7.5 Cabling Topology 45 7.6 Pathways and Spaces 45 7.6.1 Overview . 45 7.6.2 Spaces . 45 7.6.3 Pathways . 49 7.7 Cabling . 50 7.7.1 General Requirements . 50 7.7.2 Coaxial Cable 50 7.7.3 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cable 51 7.7.4 Optical Fiber Cable . 51 7.8 Wireless Configuration. 52 7.8.1 Signa
25、l Source and Site Orientation . 52 7.8.2 Antenna . 53 7.8.3 Power (Link) Budgets . 54 7.8.4 RF Signal Conversion and Combining 55 Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices v 8 DAS Infrastructure Implementation 57 8.1 Overview 57 8.2 Administration and Documentation 57
26、 8.2.1 Requirements 57 8.2.2 Recommendations . 57 8.3 Grounding, Bonding, and Lightning Protection Requirements 57 8.4 Cabling Installation Requirements 57 8.4.1 Overview . 57 8.4.2 Requirements 58 8.4.3 Recommendations . 58 8.5 Antennas 58 8.5.1 Donor Antenna 58 8.5.2 Indoor Antennas 58 8.6 DAS Spe
27、cific Equipment 59 8.6.1 Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA) . 59 8.6.2 Remote Amplifier Modules . 59 8.6.3 Receivers . 60 9 Management: Operations, Maintenance, and Administration . 61 9.1 Introduction . 61 9.2 Managing and Operating DAS and Small Cell Systems 61 9.2.1 System Manager 61 9.2.2 Other Perso
28、nnel Needed 62 9.3 Administration 63 9.3.1 Documentation 63 9.4 System Testing and Inspection. 63 9.4.1 General Requirements . 63 9.4.2 Annual Testing 64 9.4.3 Five-Year Testing 65 9.4.4 Field Testing . 66 9.5 System Revisions and Maintenance . 66 9.5.1 System Upgrades, Revisions and Expansions . 66
29、 9.5.2 System Maintenance . 66 9.6 DAS Security . 67 9.6.1 Overview . 67 9.6.2 DAS Cabling . 67 9.6.3 DAS Pathways 67 9.6.4 DAS Spaces . 67 9.6.5 DAS Connections 67 10 Location Technologies 69 10.1 Introduction . 69 10.2 Repeaters . 69 10.3 DAS Environments . 70 10.4 Summary Comments 70 ANSI/BICSI 0
30、06-2015 vi 11 Site and Functional Support Issues 71 11.1 Overview 71 11.2 Interior Trouble Spots 71 11.3 Office Buildings . 71 11.3.1 Introduction . 71 11.3.2 Building Ownership and Tenants 71 11.3.3 Office Building Core and Shell . 72 11.3.4 Physical Construction . 73 11.3.5 Coverage Areas . 74 11.
31、4 Multi-Tenant Residential Buildings 74 11.5 Industrial Facilities . 74 11.5.1 Overview . 74 11.5.2 Light vs. Heavy Industry . 75 11.5.3 Chemical and Petrochemical Plants 76 11.5.4 Factories and Assembly Plants 78 11.5.5 DAS and Wireless LAN Antennas 78 11.5.6 Warehouses . 79 11.6 Healthcare Facilit
32、ies . 79 11.6.1 Introduction . 79 11.7 Schools and Colleges . 80 11.7.1 Overview . 80 11.7.2 Elementary and Secondary Schools 80 11.7.3 School Administration Entities . 80 11.7.4 Colleges and Universities 80 11.8 Retail Locations 81 11.8.1 Description 81 11.8.2 DAS Challenges 81 11.9 Hospitality and
33、 Entertainment 82 11.9.1 Overview . 82 11.9.2 Hotels 82 11.9.3 Casinos 82 11.9.4 Stadiums 82 11.9.5 Convention Centers . 82 11.10 Facilities for Vehicle Parking . 83 11.10.1 Overview . 83 11.10.2 Stand-Alone or Attached Parking Structure Construction 83 11.10.3 Parking Facilities Integrated Into Str
34、uctures . 83 11.10.4 Parking Structure and Parking Facilities Construction Specifics 84 11.10.5 External Concerns . 84 Appendix A Legal Aspects of Wireless Design (Informative) 85 A.1 Introduction 85 A.2 Setting the Legal Context . 85 A.3 Legal Issues . 87 A.4 Limiting Legal Costs . 91 A.5 Limiting
35、the Design Professionals Liability 92 A.6 Liability on Projects . 92 Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices vii Appendix B Tools Used for Testing Coaxial Transmission Lines and Antennas (Informative) . 93 B.1 Introduction . 93 B.2 Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) 93
36、 B.3 Spectrum Analyzer . 93 B.4 RF Signal Generator/Monitor 93 B.5 50-Ohm Wattmeter . 93 B.6 50-Ohm Termination Load 93 B.7 Swept Frequency Analyzer 94 Appendix C Hazardous Environments and Locations (Informative) . 95 C.1 Definitions 95 C.2 Hazardous Atmosphere Classifications. 97 Appendix D Relate
37、d Documents (Informative) 99 ANSI/BICSI 006-2015 viii This page intentionally left blank Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices ix INDEX OF FIGURES Section 6 Distributed Antenna Systems and Components Figure 6-1 Example of a Passive DAS 15 Figure 6-2 Example of an
38、Active DAS . 16 Figure 6-3 Example of an Hybrid DAS . 17 Section 7 DAS Design Figure 7-1 Hierarchical Star Topology 45 Figure 7-2 Examples of Non-star Topologies . 45 Figure 7-3 Example Floor Plan for MIMO Antenna Operations . 47 Figure 7-4 Example Floor Plan for a Three Sector DAS . 48 Section 11 S
39、ite and Functional Support Issues Figure 11-1 Outline for Coverage Model Provided by Two Directional Antennas Back to Back 81 Appendix A Legal Aspects of Wireless Design (Informative) Figure A-1 International Telecommunication Union Regions . 87 INDEX OF TABLES Section 6 Distributed Antenna Systems
40、and Components Table 6-1 Coaxial Construction Advantages and Disadvantages . 25 Table 6-2 Types of Directional Antenna and Associated Applications . 29 Table 6-3 Sector Antenna Types and Their Application 30 Section 7 DAS Design Table 7-1 Availability as an Expression of Time . 43 Table 7-2 Example
41、Wireless Service Provider Equipment Information 46 Appendix C Hazardous Environments and Locations (Informative) Table C-1 Comparison of Terminology 97 ANSI/BICSI 006-2015 x This page intentionally left blank Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices xi PREFACE Revisi
42、on History May 13, 2015 First publication of this standard, titled ANSI/BICSI 006-2015, Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices Translation Notice This standard may have one or more translations available for the convenience of its readers. As translated text may co
43、ntain inconsistencies when compared to the original text, if differences between the translation and the published English version exist, the English text shall be used as the official and authoritative version. ANSI/BICSI 006-2015 xii This page intentionally left blank Distributed Antenna System (D
44、AS) Design and Implementation Best Practices 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview A distributed antenna system (DAS) is a group of antennas spatially separated and distributed over a given geographic area to augment existing wireless (e.g., cellular, radio signal) service. Although useful in any circumstan
45、ce where a single antenna is insufficient to provide the service levels expected, sophisticated commercial deployments typically take place in: Medical facilities Educational and industrial campuses Hotels Casinos Airports Tunnels Subways Office complexes Shopping malls Parking garages A DAS may als
46、o be deployed to provide extra network capacity in venues that are infrequently used but are subject to high demand of wireless services such as stadiums, arenas, and auditoriums. A DAS may be deployed either indoors or outdoors. It is a system of antennas typically deployed within isolated areas of
47、 a building or series of buildings, such as a campus, to increase the ubiquity of coverage within the objective. When a DAS is used to provide wireless service as part of an outdoor application, natural or manmade morphological or environmental factors are essential to consider during a full wireles
48、s signal distribution design. When a DAS is used to provide wireless service as part of an indoor application, architectural features, morphologies, and macro environmental impacts are essential to consider. Some commonly retransmitted services of a DAS include: 700 MHz Cellular service (850 MHz) Gl
49、obal System for Mobile Communications (GSM) (900/1800 MHz) Personal communications service (PCS) (1900 MHz) Enhanced specialized mobile radio (ESMR) (800/900 MHz) Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) (1700-2150 MHz) Broadband Radio Services (BRS) (2600 MHz) Public safety and business band land mobile radio (LMR) (150-170 MHz, 450-512 MHz) NOTE: 47CFR90.35 assigns 450-470 MHz to LMR; heavily used for businesses and government. Uncommonly transmitted services of a DAS include:
