1、ANSI/AAMI/ISO 13408-4: 2005/(R)2014Aseptic processing of health care products Part 4: Clean-in-place technologiesAmerican National StandardObjectives and uses of AAMI standards and recommended practices It is most important that the objectives and potential uses of an AAMI product standard or recomm
2、ended practice are clearly understood. The objectives of AAMIs technical development program derive from AAMIs overall mission: the advancement of medical instrumentation. Essential to such advancement are (1) a continued increase in the safe and effective application of current technologies to pati
3、ent care, and (2) the encouragement of new technologies. It is AAMIs view that standards and recommended practices can contribute significantly to the advancement of medical instrumentation, provided that they are drafted with attention to these objectives and provided that arbitrary and restrictive
4、 uses are avoided. A voluntary standard for a medical device recommends to the manufacturer the information that should be provided with or on the product, basic safety and performance criteria that should be considered in qualifying the device for clinical use, and the measurement techniques that c
5、an be used to determine whether the device conforms with the safety and performance criteria and/or to compare the performance characteristics of different products. Some standards emphasize the information that should be provided with the device, including performance characteristics, instructions
6、for use, warnings and precautions, and other data considered important in ensuring the safe and effective use of the device in the clinical environment. Recommending the disclosure of performance characteristics often necessitates the development of specialized test methods to facilitate uniformity
7、in reporting; reaching consensus on these tests can represent a considerable part of committee work. When a drafting committee determines that clinical concerns warrant the establishment of minimum safety and performance criteria, referee tests must be provided and the reasons for establishing the c
8、riteria must be documented in the rationale. A recommended practice provides guidelines for the use, care, and/or processing of a medical device or system. A recommended practice does not address device performance per se, but rather procedures and practices that will help ensure that a device is us
9、ed safely and effectively and that its performance will be maintained. Although a device standard is primarily directed to the manufacturer, it may also be of value to the potential purchaser or user of the device as a frame of reference for device evaluation. Similarly, even though a recommended pr
10、actice is usually oriented towards healthcare professionals, it may be useful to the manufacturer in better understanding the environment in which a medical device will be used. Also, some recommended practices, while not addressing device performance criteria, provide guidelines to industrial perso
11、nnel on such subjects as sterilization processing, methods of collecting data to establish safety and efficacy, human engineering, and other processing or evaluation techniques; such guidelines may be useful to health care professionals in understanding industrial practices. In determining whether a
12、n AAMI standard or recommended practice is relevant to the specific needs of a potential user of the document, several important concepts must be recognized: All AAMI standards and recommended practices are voluntary (unless, of course, they are adopted by government regulatory or procurement author
13、ities). The application of a standard or recommended practice is solely within the discretion and professional judgment of the user of the document. Each AAMI standard or recommended practice reflects the collective expertise of a committee of health care professionals and industrial representatives
14、, whose work has been reviewed nationally (and sometimes internationally). As such, the consensus recommendations embodied in a standard or recommended practice are intended to respond to clinical needs and, ultimately, to help ensure patient safety. A standard or recommended practice is limited, ho
15、wever, in the sense that it responds generally to perceived risks and conditions that may not always be relevant to specific situations. A standard or recommended practice is an important reference in responsible decision-making, but it should never replace responsible decision-making. Despite perio
16、dic review and revision (at least once every five years), a standard or recommended practice is necessarily a static document applied to a dynamic technology. Therefore, a standards user must carefully review the reasons why the document was initially developed and the specific rationale for each of
17、 its provisions. This review will reveal whether the document remains relevant to the specific needs of the user. Particular care should be taken in applying a product standard to existing devices and equipment, and in applying a recommended practice to current procedures and practices. While observ
18、ed or potential risks with existing equipment typically form the basis for the safety and performance criteria defined in a standard, professional judgment must be used in applying these criteria to existing equipment. No single source of information will serve to identify a particular product as “u
19、nsafe“. A voluntary standard can be used as one resource, but the ultimate decision as to product safety and efficacy must take into account the specifics of its utilization and, of course, cost-benefit considerations. Similarly, a recommended practice should be analyzed in the context of the specif
20、ic needs and resources of the individual institution or firm. Again, the rationale accompanying each AAMI standard and recommended practice is an excellent guide to the reasoning and data underlying its provision. In summary, a standard or recommended practice is truly useful only when it is used in
21、 conjunction with other sources of information and policy guidance and in the context of professional experience and judgment. INTERPRETATIONS OF AAMI STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES Requests for interpretations of AAMI standards and recommended practices must be made in writing, to the AAMI Vic
22、e President, Standards Policy and Programs. An official interpretation must be approved by letter ballot of the originating committee and subsequently reviewed and approved by the AAMI Standards Board. The interpretation will become official and representation of the Association only upon exhaustion
23、 of any appeals and upon publication of notice of interpretation in the “Standards Monitor“ section of the AAMI News. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation disclaims responsibility for any characterization or explanation of a standard or recommended practice which has not be
24、en developed and communicated in accordance with this procedure and which is not published, by appropriate notice, as an official interpretation in the AAMI News. American National Standard ANSI/AAMI/ISO 13408-4:2005/(R)2012 Aseptic processing of health care products Part 4: Clean-in-place technolog
25、ies Approved 23 September 2008 by Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation Approved 14 October 2008 and reaffirmed 13 October 2014 by American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract: Specifies the general requirements for clean-in-place (CIP) processes applied to product conta
26、ct surfaces of equipment used in the manufacture of sterile health care products by aseptic processing and offers guidance on qualification, validation, operation and control. This document applies to processes where cleaning agents are delivered to the internal surfaces of equipment designed to be
27、compatible with CIP that may come in contact with the product. Keywords: CIP, cleaning agents, internal surfacesAAMI Standard This Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. The existe
28、nce of an AAMI standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. AAMI standards are subject to periodic review, and users are caution
29、ed to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This AAMI standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. AAMI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Interested parties may obtain current infor
30、mation on all AAMI standards by calling or writing AAMI. All AAMI standards, recommended practices, technical information reports, and other types of technical documents developed by AAMI are voluntary, and their application is solely within the discretion and professional judgment of the user of th
31、e document. Occasionally, voluntary technical documents are adopted by government regulatory agencies or procurement authorities, in which case the adopting agency is responsible for enforcement of its rules and regulations. Published by Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation 111
32、0 N. Glebe Road, Suite 220 Arlington, VA 22201-4795 www.aami.org 2008 by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation All Rights Reserved This publication is subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI, and AAMI. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form
33、, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of AAMI. All requests pertaining to this document should be submitted to AAMI. It is illegal under federal law (17 U.S.C. 101, et seq.) to make copies of all or any part of this document (whether internally or externall
34、y) without the prior written permission of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Violators risk legal action, including civil and criminal penalties, and damages of $100,000 per offense. For permission regarding the use of all or any part of this document, contact AAMI, 111
35、0 N. Glebe Road, Suite 220, Arlington, VA 22201-4795. Phone: (703) 525-4890; Fax: (703) 525-1067. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1570203296 Contents Page Glossary of equivalent standards v Committee representation. vii Background of ANSI/AAMI adoption of ISO 13408-4:2005 . ix Foreword
36、xi Introduction xii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Quality system elements 2 4.1 General. 2 4.2 Management responsibility 2 4.3 Design control. 3 4.4 Measuring instruments and measuring systems 3 5 Process and equipment characterization. 3 5.1 General concepts 3 5.
37、2 Effectiveness of CIP 4 5.3 Equipment 4 6 Cleaning agent characterization 6 6.1 Selection of cleaning agent(s). 6 6.2 Quality of cleaning agent(s). 6 6.3 Safety and the environment. 6 7 CIP process . 7 7.1 Process parameters 7 7.2 Process control. 7 7.3 Residues of cleaning agent(s). 9 8 Validation
38、 . 9 8.1 Validation protocol9 8.2 Evaluation of the CIP process . 9 8.3 Design qualification 9 8.4 Installation qualification. 9 8.5 Operational qualification 10 8.6 Performance qualification 10 8.7 Review and approval of validation 11 8.8 Requalification 11 9 Routine monitoring and control 11 9.1 C
39、IP process control 11 9.2 Procedures 12 9.3 CIP process records . 12 9.4 Change control 12 9.5 Maintenance and calibration 12 10 Personnel training. 13 Annex A (informative) Description of sampling methods 14 Annex B (informative) Calculation examples for acceptance criteria . 15 Bibliography . 17 2
40、008 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation ANSI/AAMI/ISO 13408-4:2005 v Glossary of equivalent standards International Standards adopted in the United States may include normative references to other International Standards. For each International Standard that has been adopted b
41、y AAMI (and ANSI), the table below gives the corresponding U.S. designation and level of equivalency to the International Standard. NOTE: Documents are sorted by international designation. Other normatively referenced International Standards may be under consideration for U.S. adoption by AAMI; ther
42、efore, this list should not be considered exhaustive. International designation U.S. designation Equivalency IEC 60601-1:2005 ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1:2005 Major technical variations IEC 60601-1-2:2007 ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-1-2:2007 Identical IEC 60601-2-2:2006 ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-2-2:2006 Identical IEC 60
43、601-2-4:2002 ANSI/AAMI DF80:2003 Major technical variations IEC 60601-2-19:1990 and A1:1996 ANSI/AAMI II36:2004 Major technical variations IEC 60601-2-20:1990 and A1:1996 ANSI/AAMI II51:2004 Major technical variations IEC 60601-2-21:1994 and Amendment 1:1996 ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-2-21 and Amendment 1:
44、2000 (consolidated texts) Identical IEC 60601-2-24:1998 ANSI/AAMI ID26:2004 Major technical variations IEC 60601-2-47:2001 ANSI/AAMI EC38:2007 Major technical variations IEC 60601-2-50:2001 ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-2-50:2006 Identical IEC 80601-2-58:2008 ANSI/AAMI/IEC 80601-2-58:2008 Identical IEC/TR 608
45、78:2003 ANSI/AAMI/IEC TIR60878:2003 Identical IEC/TR 62296:2003 ANSI/AAMI/IEC TIR62296:2003 Identical IEC 62304:2006 ANSI/AAMI/IEC 62304:2006 Identical IEC/TR 62348:2006ANSI/AAMI/IEC TIR62348:2006 Identical ISO 5840:2005 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 5840:2005 Identical ISO 7198:1998 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 7198:1998/2001/(R
46、)2004 Identical ISO 7199:1996 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 7199:1996/(R)2002 Identical ISO 8637:2004 ANSI/AAMI RD16:2007 Major technical variations ISO 8638:2004 ANSI/AAMI RD17:2007 Major technical variations ISO 10993-1:2003 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-1:2003 Identical ISO 10993-2:2006 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-2:2006 Identica
47、l ISO 10993-3:2003 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-3:2003 Identical ISO 10993-4:2002 and A1:2006 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-4:2002 and A1:2006 Identical ISO 10993-5:1999 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-5:1999 Identical ISO 10993-6:2007 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-6:2007 Identical ISO 10993-7:2008 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-7:2008 Identical ISO
48、10993-9:1999 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-9:1999/(R)2005 Identical ISO 10993-10:2002 and Amendment 1:2006 ANSI/AAMI BE78:2002/(R)2008 ANSI/AAMI BE78:2002/A1:2006/(R)2008 Minor technical variations Identical ISO 10993-11:2006 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-11:2006 Identical ISO 10993-12:2007 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-12:2007
49、Identical ISO 10993-13:1998 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-13:1999/(R)2004 Identical ISO 10993-14:2001 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-14:2001/(R)2006 Identical ISO 10993-15:2000 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-15:2000/(R)2006 Identical ISO 10993-16:1997 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-16:1997/(R)2003 Identical ISO 10993-17:2002 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-17:2002/(R)2008 Identical ISO 10993-18:2005 ANSI/AAMI BE83:2006 Major technical variations ISO/TS 10993-19:2006 ANSI/AAMI/ISO TIR10993-19:2006 Identical ISO/TS 10993-20:2006 ANSI/AAMI/ISO TIR10993-20:2006 Identical ISO 11135-1:2007 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11135-1:2007 Identical Internat
