1、 Metal Balls for Unground Bearings and Other Uses ANSI/ABMA 10A:2001 (R2015) ANSI/ABMA 21.2:1988 (Stabilized Maintenance 2010) Secretariat American Bearing Manufacturers Association ANSI/ABMA 10A:2001 (R2015) Accredited Standards Committee B3 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD (This is not an approved part
2、of the standard) Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus means substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affec
3、ted interests. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary; their exi
4、stence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circum
5、stances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secret
6、ariat of the sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National
7、Standards Institute or online at www.ANSI.org. Published by American Bearing Manufacturers Association 2025 M Street, N.W., Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 Copyright 2015 by American Bearing Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in a
8、n electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 3 Metal Balls for Unground Bearings and Other Uses Contents Section Page 1. Scope 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions and symbols 1 4. Requirements 4 4.1 Mate
9、rials . 4 4.2 Hardness . 4 4.3 Case depth 6 4.4 Quality of surface . 6 4.5 Geometric quality . 7 4.6 Corrosion resistance 8 5. Preferred nominal sizes by materials and grades 9 6. Quality assurance provisions . 12 7. Ordering specifications and package marking 13 Annexes (informational) A Measuremen
10、t of deviation from spherical form 15 B Recommended procedure for microhardness testing of small balls . 17 C Recommended procedure for measurement of case depth in carburized and hardened carbon steel balls 19 D Corrections for hardness readings taken on spherical surfaces 24 E Density, quantity an
11、d weight of common ball materials 25 List of tables . ii List of figures i List of Tables Table Description Page 1 Commonly used material specification reference chart 5 2 Case depth requirements for carbon steel balls 6 3 Tolerances by grade for individual balls 7 4 Tolerances by grade for lots of
12、balls 7 5 Preferred nominal ball sizes 10 6 Applicable inspection levels and acceptance quality level (AQL) 12 A1 Magnification factor 16 D1 Ball hardness corrections for curvatures 24 E1 Density of common ball materials . 25 E2 Number of balls 26 E3 Weight of balls 28 List of Figures Figure Title P
13、age 1 Variations in lot of Grade Gl0A balls 3 A1 Vee block . 16 B1 Recommended method of mounting miniature balls for microhardness testing 17 C1 Case depth microstructure examination . 21 C2 Case depth microhardness examination . 22 5 METAL BALLS FOR UNGROUND BEARINGS AND OTHER USES 1. Scope. This
14、standard establishes the requirements for metal balls for unground rolling contact bearings and other uses. The requirements for finished balls for roiling contact bearings are contained in ANSI/ABMA/ISO 3290. 2. Normative references. The following standards contain provisions, which through referen
15、ce in this text constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the sta
16、ndards below. ANSI B89.3.1-1972 (R1988), Out-Of Roundness, Measurement of ANSI/ASME B46.1-1995, Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness and Lay) ANSI/ASQC Z1.4- 1993, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes ASTM E 18-98, Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superf
17、icial Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E140-97e1, Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals (Relationship Between Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness and Scleroscope Hardness) ASTM E384-89 (1997), Standard Test Method for Microhardness
18、of Materials Federal Specification GGG-G-15C (March 20, 1975), Gage Blocks and Accessories (Inch and Metric) ISO 3290: 1998, Rolling bearings - Balls - Dimensions and Hardness ISO 4288: 1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Rules and procedures for the as
19、sessment of surface texture ISO 4291: 1985, Methods for the assessment of departure from roundness - Measurement of variations in radius ISO 6508-1: 1999, Metallic materials - Hardness test - Rockwell test (scales A B - C - D - E - F - G - H - K) 3. Definitions and symbols. The following definitions
20、 and symbols will apply to terms used in this standard. 3.1 Nominal ball diameter, Dw. The diameter value that is used for the purpose of general identification of a ball size; e.g., 1/4 inch, 6 mm, etc. 3.2 Single ball diameter, Dws. The distance between two parallel planes tangent to the surface o
21、f a ball. 3.3 Mean ball diameter, Dwm. Arithmetic mean of the largest and the smallest of the single diameters of a ball. 3.4 Variation of ball diameter, VDws. Difference between the largest and the smallest of the single diameters of a ball. VDws = Dws max Dws min 3.5 Deviation from spherical form,
22、 Rw. The greatest radial distance, in any equatorial radial plane, between the smallest circumscribed sphere and the greatest inscribed sphere with their center common to the least square sphere center. 7 Rw = Re Rx 3.6 Ball lot. Definite quantity of balls manufactured under conditions presumed unif
23、orm and which is considered as an entity. 3.7 Mean diameter of a ball lot, DwmL (see figure 1). Arithmetic mean of the mean diameters of the largest ball and the smallest ball in a ball lot. 3.8 Variation of ball lot diameter, VDwL (see figure 1). Difference between the mean diameters of the largest
24、 ball and the smallest ball in a ball lot. VDwL = Dwm max Dwm min Figure 1-1 - Variation in lot of Grade 10A balls (Metric dimensions) Figure 1-2 - Variation in lot of Grade 10A balls (Inch dimensions) 3.9 Nominal ball diameter tolerance. The maximum allowable deviation of any ball lot mean diameter
25、 from the nominal ball diameter. 3.10 Ball grade, GxxA. Specific combination of dimensional, form, surface roughness and sorting tolerances for balls. 3.11 Surface roughness, Ra. Surface irregularities with relatively small spacing, which usually include irregularities resulting from the method of m
26、anufacture being used and/or other influences. Values are expressed as arithmetic averages. 3.12 Waviness. Surface irregularities of random or periodical deviation from the spherical ideal form. (Lacking standardized practices in this field, the specifications and tolerances for waviness are subject
27、 to agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.) 3.13 Hardness. The measure of resistance to penetration of the ball surface or truncated flat of the ball by a specific indenting shape as determined by specified methods. 3.14 Case depth. The distance measured radially from the surface of the ball
28、to a point where the hardness becomes the equivalent to 50 HRC. This term is applicable to case hardened balls only. 9 3.15 Passivation. A chemical treatment to remove corrodible surface impurities and to provide a protective film. This term is applicable to corrosion resisting balls only. 4. Requir
29、ements 4.1 Materials. The materials listed in Table 1 are the most commonly used; however, other materials are available from individual suppliers. For typical chemical analysis and a cross reference of other applicable specifications refer to the Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys publi
30、shed by the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 15096. 4.2 Hardness. Hardness of balls manufactured of the materials in 4.1 shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. Table 1 shows typical hardness values. Tempering of carbon steel balls
31、for stress relief shall be subject to agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. Table 1 - Commonly used material specification reference chart MATERIAL COMMON STANDARD SAE UNIFIED NUMBER TYPICAL HARDNESS (1) (2) BALL GRADE PREFERRED NOMINAL SIZE RANGES FOR VARIOUS GRADES mm inch CHROME ALLOY STE
32、EL AISI/SAE E52100 AISI/SAE E51100 G-52986 G-51986 60 67 HRC (3) (5) G3A 0.8 25 1/32 1 G5A, G10A G16A, G24A 0.3 38 1/64 1-1/2 G48A, G100A G200A G500A 0.8 -73 1/32 2-7/8 G1000A 10 - 115 3/8 4-1/2 ALLOY TOOL STEEL AIAI/SAE M50 AIAS/SAE T1 T-11350 T-12001 60 - 65 HRC (3) (5) 60 - 65 HRC (3) (5) G3A, G5
33、A G10A, G16A 0.8 -12 1/32 1/2 G24A, G48A 0.8 - 40 1/32 1-5/8 CORROSION RESISTING HARDENED STEEL AISI/SAE 440C AIAI/SAE 440B AISI/SAE 420 AISI/SAE 410 AISI/SAE 329 S-44004 S-44003 S-42000 S-41000 S-32900 58 - 65 HRC (4) (5) 55 - 62 HRC(4) (5) 52 HRC min (4) (5) 97 HRB 41 HRC (4) (5) 45 HRC min (4) (5
34、) G3A, G5A, G10A, G16A 0.3 - 19 1/64 3/4 G24A 0.8 - 25 1/32 1 G48A 0.8 -50 1/32 2 G100A, G200A 0.8 - 115 1/32 4-1/2 CORROSION RESISTING UNHARDENED STEEL AISI/SAE 302 AISI/SAE 304 AISI/SAE 305 AISI/SAE 316 AISI/SAE 430 S-30200 S-30400 S-30500 S-31600 S-43000 25 - 39 HRC (5) (6) 25 - 39 HRC (5) (6) 25
35、 - 39 HRC (5) (6) 25 - 39 HRC (5) (6) 48 - 63 HRA (5) G100A, G200A, G500A 1.5 19 1/16 3/4 CARBON STEEL (7) AISI/SAE 1008 AISI/SAE 1013 AISI/SAE 1018 AISI/SAE 1022 AISI/SAE 1040 G-10080 G-10130 G-10180 G-10220 G-10400 60 HRC min (2) G100A, G200A, G500A, G1000A, G2000A 1.5 38 1/16 1 1/2 SILICON MOLYBD
36、ENUM STEEL AISI/SAE S2 T-41902 52 - 60 HRC (3) G200A 6.5 28 1/4 1 1/8 ALUMINUM AA-2017 A-92017 54 - 72 HRB G200A 1.5 25 1/16 1 ALUMINUM BRONZE CDA-624 CDA-630 C-62400 C-63000 94 - 98 HRB G200A 20 100 13/16 4 BRASS CDA-260 C-26000 75 - 87 HRB G100A, G200A, G500A, G1000A 1.5 19 1/16 3/4 BRONZE CDA-464
37、 C-46400 75 98 HRB G200A, G500A, G1000A 1.5 19 1/16 3/4 MONEL 400 AMS-4730 N-04400 85 - 95 HRB G100A, G200A, G500A 1.5 19 1/16 3/4 MONEL K-500 QA-N-286 N-05500 27 HRC min G100A, G200A 1.5 19 1.5 43 1/16 3/4 1/16 1 11/16 TUNGSTEN CARBIDE JIC CARBIDE CLASSIFICATION NOT APPLICABLE 84 - 91.5 HRA G5A G10
38、A G16A G24A 1.2 12 1.2 19 1.2 25 1.2 32 3/64 1/2 3/64 3/4 3/64 1 3/64 1 1/4 Footnotes: (1) Rockwell hardness tests are conducted on parallel flats in accordance with ASTM E-18 unless otherwise specified. (2) Hardness readings taken on spherical surfaces are subject to the corrections shown in Annex
39、D. Table D1. Hardness readings for carbon steel balls smaller than 6 mm (1/4 inch) are taken by the microhardness method or as agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser. (3) Hardness of balls in any one lot shall be within 3 points on Rockwell C scale. (4) Hardness of balls in any one lot shall
40、be within 4 points on Rockwell C scale. (5) Where microhardness is used in accordance with Annex B, the Rockwell hardness values given above are converted to DPH in accordance with ASTM E140, Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals. (6) Annealed hardness of 75 - 90 HRB is available when speci
41、fied. (7) Choice of carbon steels up to AISI/SAE 1040 is at the manufacturers option. 11 4.3 Case depth. Carbon steel balls shall be processed to provide the minimum case depths specified in Table 2, but still retain an unhardened core of approximately 1/3 or more of the ball diameter. 4.4 Quality o
42、f surface. Surface appearance of balls manufactured from the materials specified in 4.1 shall meet the requirement specified below. 4.4.1 Chrome alloy, corrosion resisting hardened, and alloy tool steel balls. These shall be free from cracks, pits, corrosion and indications of soft spots visible wit
43、hout magnification, except that grades G3A, G5A and G10A in sizes 3mm (1/8 inch) diameter and smaller may be inspected by microscopic examination not exceeding 10 power. 4.4.2 Corrosion resisting unhardened steel balls. These shall be free from cracks, pits, and corrosion when examined visually with
44、out magnification. 4.4.3 Carbon steel balls. These shall be free from corrosion and indications of soft spots when examined visually without magnification. 4.4.4 Silicon molybdenum steel balls. These shall be free from cracks, pits, corrosion, decarburization and soft spots when examined visually wi
45、thout magnification. 4.4.5 Non-ferrous metal balls. Balls of nonferrous alloys, aluminum, aluminum bronze, brass, bronze, Monel metal and K-Monel metal shall be free from cracks when examined visually without magnification. 4.4.6 Tungsten carbide balls. These shall be free from cracks when examined
46、visually without magnification. Table 2, Part 1 (Metric) Case depth requirements for carbon steel balls Table 2, Part 1 (Inch) Case depth requirements for carbon steel balls Dimensions in millimeters Dimensions in millimeters Dw Minimum case depth (1) Dw Minimum case depth (1) 0.3 1.5 0.1 1/64 1/16
47、0.005 1.5 2.0 0.4 1/16 3/32 0.015 2.0 3.0 0.5 3/32 1/8 0.020 3.0 4.5 0.6 1/8 3/16 0.025 4.5 5.5 0.8 3/16 7/32 0.030 5.5 6.5 0.9 7/32 1/4 0.035 6.5 9.5 1.1 1/4 3/8 0.045 9.5 11.0 1.4 3/8 7/16 0.055 11.0 12.5 1.7 7/16 1/2 0.065 12.5 14.0 1.8 1/2 9/16 0.070 14.0 19.0 1.9 9/16 3/4 0.075 19.0 38.0 2.0 3/
48、4 1-1/2 0.080 (1) Case depth is determined in accordance with Annex C - Recommended Procedure for the Measurement of Case Depth in Carburized and Hardened Carbon Steel Balls. 4.5 Geometric quality. Tolerances for size, form, and surface roughness are listed in Tables 3 and 4 for the various grades.
49、Table 3, Part 1 (Metric) Tolerances by grade by individual balls Table 3, Part 2 (Inch) Tolerances by grade by individual balls Tolerances in micrometers Tolerances in micro-inches Ball grade Variation of ball diameter VDws Deviation from spherical form Rw max Surface roughness (arithmetic average) Ra max Ball grade Variation of ball diameter VDws Deviation from spherical form Rw max Surface roughness (arithme
