1、ANSI/AGMA2001-D04ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04(Revision ofANSI/AGMA 2001-C95)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDFundamental Rating Factors andCalculation Methods for Involute Spur andHelical Gear TeethCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction
2、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiFundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur andHelical Gear TeethANSI/AGMA 2001-D04Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2001-C95Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require-ments for due pro
3、cess, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by thestandards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.Substantial agreement means much more tha
4、n a simple majority, but not necessarily una-nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aconcerted effort be made toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does notin any respect preclude anyone, whet
5、her he has approved the standards or not, frommanufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures notconforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in nocircumstances give an interpretation of any American Natio
6、nal Standard. Moreover, noperson shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American NationalStandard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre-tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear ManufacturersAssociation.CAUT
7、ION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMAtechnical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from theAssociation on the subject matter.Tables or other
8、self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: SeeANSI/AGMA 2001-D04, Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Invo-lute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Asso-ciation, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22
9、314,http:/www.agma.org.Approved December 28, 2004ABSTRACTThis standard specifies a method for rating the pitting resistance and bending strength of spur and helical invo-lute gear pairs. A detailed discussion of factors influencing gear survival and calculation methods are provided.Published byAmeri
10、can Gear Manufacturers Association500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314Copyright 2004 by American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system or otherwise, without prior written p
11、ermission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 1-55589-839-4AmericanNationalStandardCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04
12、AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiii AGMA 2004 - All rights reservedContentsPageForeword v.1 Scope 1.2 Normative references, definitions and symbols 23 Application 2.4 Criteria for tooth capacity 75 Fundamental rating formulas 9.6 Geometry factors, I and J 11.7 Transmitted tangential load, Wt128 Dynamic fa
13、ctor, Kv12.9 Overload factor, Ko15.10 Service factor 15.11 Safety factors, SHand SF1612 Elastic coefficient, Cp16.13 Surface condition factor, Cf1714 Hardness ratio factor, CH1715 Load distribution factor, Km1716 Allowable stress numbers, sacand sat23.17 Stress cycle factors, ZNand YN3618 Reliabilit
14、y factor, KR3819 Temperature factor, KT3820 Size factor, Ks38.Bibliography 56.AnnexesA Method for determination of dynamic factor with AGMA 2000-A88 39B Rim thickness factor, KB41C Application analysis 43D Discussion of the analytical face or longitudinal load distribution factor 46E Gear material f
15、atigue life 49F Controlling section size considerations for through hardened gearing 54.Figures1 Dynamic factor, Kv14.2 Hardness ratio factor, CH(through hardened) 183 Hardness ratio factor, CH(surface hardened pinions) 18.4 Instantaneous contact lines in the plane of action 195 Pinion proportion fa
16、ctor, Cpf21.6 Evaluation of S and S1217 Mesh alignment factor, Cma22.8 Allowable contact stress number for through hardened steel gears, sac249 Allowable bending stress number for through hardened steel gears, sat2510 Allowable bending stress numbers for nitrided through hardened steel gears(i.e., A
17、ISI 4140, AISI 4340), sat25.11 Allowable bending stress numbers for nitriding steel gears, sat26.12 Variations in hardening pattern obtainable on gear teeth with flame orinduction hardening 3213 Minimum effective case depth for carburized gears, hemin33.14 Core hardness coefficient, Uc3415 Minimum t
18、otal case depth for nitrided gears, hcmin34.16 Allowable yield strength number for steel gears, say35.Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04 AMERIC
19、AN NATIONAL STANDARDiv AGMA 2004 - All rights reserved17 Pitting resistance stress cycle factor, ZN37.18 Bending strength stress cycle factor, YN37.Tables1 Symbols used in gear rating equations 3.2 Empirical constants; A, B, and C 22.3 Allowable contact stress number, sac, for steel gears 234 Allowa
20、ble bending stress number, sat, for steel gears 24.5 Allowable contact stress number, sac, for iron and bronze gears 266 Allowable bending stress number, sat, for iron and bronze gears 277 Major metallurgical factors affecting the allowable contact stress number,sac, and allowable bending stress num
21、ber, sat, of through hardened steelgears 278 Major metallurgical factors affecting the allowable contact stress number,sac, and allowable bending stress number, sat, of flame or induction hardenedsteel gears 289 Major metallurgical factors affecting the allowable contact stress number,sac, and allow
22、able bending stress number, sat, of carburized and hardenedsteel gears 2910 Major metallurgical factors affecting the allowable contact stress number,sac, and allowable bending stress number, sat, of nitrided steel gears 3111 Reliability factors, KR38.Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Associatio
23、n Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDv AGMA 2004 - All rights reservedForewordThe foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided forinformationa
24、l purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA2001-D04, Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur andHelical Gear Teeth.This standard presents general formulas for rating the pitting resistance and bendingstrength of spur and helical involute gear teeth
25、, and supersedes ANSI/AGMA 2001-C95.The purpose of this standard is to establish a common base for rating various types of gearsfor differing applications, and to encourage the maximum practical degree of uniformity andconsistency between rating practices within the gear industry. It provides the ba
26、sis fromwhich more detailed AGMA application standards are developed, and provides a basis forcalculation of approximate ratings in the absence of such standards.The formulas presented in this standard contain factors whose values vary significantlydepending on application, system effects, gear accu
27、racy, manufacturing practice, anddefinition of gear failure. Proper evaluation of these factors is essential for realistic ratings.This standard is intended for use by the experienced gear designer capable of selectingreasonable values for rating factors and aware of the performance of similar desig
28、nsthrough test results or operating experience.In AGMA 218.01 the values for Life Factor, CLand KL, Dynamic Factor, Cvand Kv, and LoadDistribution Factor, Cmand Km, were revised. Values for factors assigned in standards priorto that were not applicable to 218.01 nor were the values assigned in 218.0
29、1 applicable toprevious standards.The detailed information on the Geometry Factors, I and J, were removed from ANSI/AGMA2001-B88, the revision of AGMA 218.01. This material was amplified and moved to AGMA908-B89, Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strengthfor Spur, H
30、elical and Herringbone Gear Teeth. The values of I and J have not been changedfrom previous Standards.In ANSI/AGMA 2001-B88 the Allowable Stress Number section was expanded.Metallurgical quality factors for steel materials were defined, establishing minimum qualitycontrol requirements and allowable
31、stress numbers for various steel quality grades.Additional higher allowable stress numbers for carburized gears were added when madewith high quality steel. A new rim thickness factor, KB, was introduced to reduce allowablebending loads on gears with thin rims. Material on scuffing (scoring) resista
32、nce was addedas an annex. ANSI/AGMA 2001-B88 was first drafted in January, 1986, approved by theAGMA Membership in May 1988, and approved as an American National Standard onSeptember 30, 1988.ANSI/AGMA 2001-C95 was a revision of the rating method described in its supersededpublications. The changes
33、included: the Miners rule annex was removed; the analyticalmethod for load distribution factors, Cmand Km, was revised and placed in an annex;nitrided allowable stress numbers were expanded to cover three grades; nitrided stresscycle factors were introduced; through hardened allowable stresses were
34、revised;application factor was replaced by overload factor; safety factors SHand SFwere introduced;life factor was replaced by stress cycle factor and its use with service factor redefined; and,the dynamic factor was redefined as the reciprocal of that used in previous AGMA standardsand was relocate
35、d to the denominator of the power equation.This standard, ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04, is a revision of its superseded version. Clause 8was changed to incorporate ANSI/AGMA 2015-1-A01 and the Kvmethod using AGMA2000-A88 was moved to Annex A. References to old Annex A, “Method for Evaluating theCopyright Amer
36、ican Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDvi AGMA 2004 - All rights reservedRisk of Scuffing and Wear” were changed to AGMA 925-A03. It al
37、so reflects a change toclause 10, dealing with the relationship between service factor and stress cycle factor.Editorial corrections were implemented to table 8, figure 14 and table E-1, and style wasupdated to latest standards.This AGMA Standard and related publications are based on typical or aver
38、age data,conditions, or applications. The Association intends to continue working to update thisStandard and to incorporate in future revisions the latest acceptable technology fromdomestic and international sources.The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04 was completed in February 2002. It was approve
39、dby the AGMA membership on October 23, 2004. It was approved as an American NationalStandard on December 28, 2004.Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to theAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria,Virginia 223
40、14.Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDvii AGMA 2004 - All rights reservedPERSONNEL of the AGMA Helical Gear Rating Com
41、mitteeChairman: John V. Lisiecki Falk Corporation.Vice Chairman: Michael B. Antosiewicz Falk CorporationACTIVE MEMBERSK.E. Acheson Gear Works - Seattle, IncJ.B. Amendola MAAG Gear AGT.A. Beveridge Caterpillar, Inc.M. Broglie Dudley Technical GroupG.A. DeLange Hansen TransmissionsG. Elliott Lufkin In
42、dustries, Inc.R.L. Errichello GEARTECH.R.W. Holzman Innovative Gearing Solutions LLCO.A. LaBath Gear Consulting Services of Cincinnati, LLCG. Lian Amarillo Gear Company.L. Lloyd Lufkin Industries, Inc.D. McCarthy Gear Products, Inc.D.R. McVittie Gear Engineers, IncA.G. Milburn Milburn Engineering, I
43、nc.G.W. Nagorny Nagorny Cpis elastic coefficient, lb/in20.5(see clause12);Wtis transmitted tangential load, lb (see clause7);Kois overload factor (see clause 9);Kvis dynamic factor (see clause 8);Ksis size factor (see clause 20);Kmis load distribution factor (see clause15);Cfis surface condition fac
44、tor for pitting resist-ance (see clause 13);F is net face width of narrowest member, in;I is geometry factor for pitting resistance (seeclause 6);d is operating pitch diameter of pinion, in.d =2CmG+ 1for external gears(2)d =2CmG 1for internal gears (3)whereC is operating center distance, in;mGis gea
45、r ratio (never less than 1.0).5.1.2 Allowable contact stress numberThe relation of calculated contact stress number toallowable contact stress number is:scsacSHZNKTCHKR(4)wheresacis allowable contact stress number, lb/in2(see clause 16);ZNis stress cycle factor for pitting resistance(see clause 17);
46、CHis hardness ratio factor for pitting resistance(see clause 14);SHis safety factor for pitting (see clause 11);Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2001-
47、D04 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD10 AGMA 2004 - All rights reservedKTis temperature factor (see clause 19);KRis reliability factor (see clause 18).5.1.3 Pitting resistance power ratingThe pitting resistance power rating is:Pac= npF396 000IKoKvKsKmCfdsacCpSHZNCHKTKR2(5)wherePacis allowable transmitted p
48、ower for pitting re-sistance, hp;npis pinion speed, rpm.CAUTION: The ratings of both pinion and gear teethmust be calculated to evaluate differences in materialproperties and the number of tooth contact cycles un-der load. The pitting resistance power rating is basedon the lowest value of the produc
49、t sacZNCHfor each ofthe mating gears.5.1.4 Contact load factor, KIn some industries, pitting resistance is rated interms of K factor.(6)K =WtdF1CGwhereK is contact load factor for pitting resistance,lb/in2;CGis gear ratio factor.(7)CG=mGmG+ 1orNGNG+ NPfor external gearsand(8)CG=mGmG 1orNGNG NPfor internal gearswhereNGis
