1、ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 (Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6032-A94 American National Standard Standard for Marine Gear Units: Rating and Application for Spur and Helical Gear Teeth AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved ii Standard for Marine Gear Units: Ratin
2、g and Application for Spur and Helical Gear Teeth ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 (Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6032-A94) Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Con
3、sensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and
4、objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or u
5、sing products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interp
6、retation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revisi
7、on or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See ANSI/AGMA
8、 6032-B13, Standard for Marine Gear Units: Rating and Application for Spur and Helical Gear Teeth, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org. Approved September 23, 2013 ABSTRACT This document considers
9、 rating practices for marine main propulsion, power take-off and auxiliary propulsion service. Practical suggestions are included for various factors. Allowable stress numbers for materials of this standard, as covered in ANSI/AGMA 6033-C08, are included. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Ass
10、ociation 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright 2013 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the pub
11、lisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-61481-084-1 American National Standard AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Foreword vii 1 Scope . 1 1.1 Application . 1 1.2 Intended use 1 1.3 Exceptions . 1 1.4 Marine gear rating parame
12、ter sheet 2 1.5 Alternative ratings . 2 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and symbols 2 3.1 Terms 2 3.2 Symbols . 3 4 Application . 4 4.1 System responsibility 4 4.2 Manufacturing tolerances 4 4.3 Other considerations . 4 4.3.1 Misalignment and deflection of foundations 5 4.3.2 Installation and ali
13、gnment . 5 4.3.3 Deflection due to external forces. 5 4.3.4 Metallurgy 5 4.3.5 Residual stress 5 4.3.6 Lubrication . 5 4.3.7 System dynamics 5 4.3.8 Corrosion . 6 4.3.9 Cold temperature operation 6 4.3.10 Pitch and roll considerations . 6 5 Criteria for tooth capacity . 7 5.1 Relationship of pitting
14、 resistance and bending strength ratings . 7 5.2 Pitting resistance . 7 5.2.1 Intent of pitting resistance formula 7 5.3 Surface conditions not covered by this standard 7 5.4 Bending strength . 7 5.4.1 Intent of bending strength formula 7 6 Rating formulas 8 6.1 Allowable transmitted power, Pa8 6.2
15、Allowable transmitted power for pitting resistance, Pac. 8 6.2.1 Dynamic factor, Kv. 8 6.2.2 Load distribution factor, Km. 9 6.2.3 Stress cycle factor, ZN. 9 6.2.4 Hardness ratio factor, CH. 9 6.3 Allowable transmitted power for bending strength, Pat10 6.3.1 Stress cycle factor, YN. 10 6.3.2 Rim thi
16、ckness factor, KB10 6.4 Allowable stress numbers for pitting resistance and bending strength . 10 6.5 Reverse loading 10 6.5.1 Reverse bending . 10 6.5.2 Normal reversing operation . 11 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved iv 7 Tangential load, Wt. 11 7.1 Doubl
17、e helical gear loads 11 8 Overload factor, Ko. 11 8.1 Ice service . 12 9 Safety factors, SH, SF12 10 Allowable stress numbers, sacand sat. 12 10.1 Stress numbers . 12 10.2 Guide for case depth of surface hardened gears 12 10.2.1 Carburized gears . 12 10.2.2 Induction hardened gears . 14 10.2.3 Nitri
18、ded gears 14 10.3 Reverse tooth loading . 15 11 Stress cycle factors, ZNand YN15 11.1 Recommended life 15 11.2 Multiple power levels . 15 12 Service factors, CSF, KSF15 13 Non-uniform loads 16 13.1 Momentary overload . 16 13.1.1 Yield strength 16 13.2 Intermittent engine ratings . 17 13.3 Duty cycle
19、 17 14 Manufacture . 17 14.1 Accuracy 17 14.2 Finishing operations 17 14.3 Balance . 18 14.4 Backlash checks 18 14.5 Contact checks - installation and post sea trial . 18 15 Bearings . 18 15.1 Radial bearings . 18 15.1.1 Hydrodynamic oil film journal bearings . 18 15.1.2 Rolling contact bearings 19
20、15.2 Thrust bearings . 21 15.2.1 Hydrodynamic oil film thrust bearings . 21 15.2.2 Rolling contact thrust bearings 22 15.2.3 Propeller thrust loads 22 15.2.4 Universal joints 22 16 Lubrication . 22 16.1 Applicability . 22 16.1.1 Ambient temperature . 22 16.1.2 Oil sump temperature 22 16.1.3 Mounting
21、 position 22 16.2 Lubricant viscosity . 23 16.2.1 Film thickness and wear 23 16.2.2 Scuffing (scoring) and wear 23 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved v 16.3 Lubrication recommendations . 23 16.4 Cold temperature starting 23 16.4.1 Low temperature conditions 2
22、3 16.4.2 Sump heaters 23 16.5 Lubricants 23 16.5.1 Rust and oxidation inhibited gear oils . 23 16.5.2 Extreme pressure lubricants . 23 16.5.3 Synthetic gear lubricants . 23 16.6 Lubricant cleanliness . 24 16.7 Lubrication system 24 16.7.1 Lubrication system components 24 16.7.2 Additional equipment
23、. 24 17 Clutches . 24 17.1 Pneumatic clutches . 25 17.2 Hydraulic clutches . 25 17.3 Mechanical synchronous clutches 25 17.4 Torsional damping characteristics . 25 17.5 Selection 25 17.5.1 Static load conditions 25 17.5.2 Dynamic loading 25 17.5.3 Selection criteria 25 17.6 Balancing . 25 17.7 Mecha
24、nical “come home” feature 26 17.8 Clutch control system 26 17.8.1 Control system timing 26 17.8.2 Pneumatic clutch controls . 26 17.8.3 Hydraulic clutch controls . 26 17.8.4 Control system features 26 18 Shafting 27 18.1 Shaft outside diameter, dos 27 18.1.1 Solid shaft with bending and torsion load
25、s 27 18.1.2 Hollow shaft with bending and torsion loads . 28 18.1.3 Press fitted shafts 28 18.2 Allowable stress 28 18.2.1 Basic stress limits 28 18.2.2 Shaft fatigue limit, Sf28 18.2.3 Shaft fatigue limit modification factor, k . 29 18.2.4 Shaft material reliability factor, kc29 18.2.5 Shaft temper
26、ature factor, kd. 29 18.2.6 Shaft life factor, ke. 29 18.2.7 Shaft miscellaneous effects factor, kg. 30 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved vi 18.3 Shaft deflections 30 19 System vibration 30 19.1 Torsional vibrations . 30 19.2 Lateral vibrations . 32 19.3 Axi
27、al vibrations 32 19.4 Modal vibrations 32 Annexes Annex A Marine gear rating parameter sheet . 33 Annex B Engine power and operating profile data . 35 Annex C System component and dynamic analysis data . 36 Annex D Alternative rating methods . 38 Annex E Derating factor for reversing bull gear teeth
28、 . 39 Annex F Bibliography 44 Tables Table 1 - Symbols used in equations 3 Table 2 - Design angles of inclination . 6 Table 3 - Overload factor1), 2), Ko. 11 Table 4 - Allowable contact stress number, sac, for steel gears 13 Table 5 - Allowable bending stress number, sat, for steel gears . 14 Table
29、6 - Recommended life of gear units 15 Table 7 - Service factors, CSF, KSF15 Table 8 - Typical surface finish ranges . 17 Table 9 - Recommended design limits for fluid film radial bearings . 18 Table 10 - Recommended minimum L10bearing life 20 Table 11 - Recommended lubricant cleanliness . 24 Table 1
30、2 - Shaft material reliability factor, kc 29 Table 13 - Permissible vibratory pinion torque 31 Figures Figure 1 - Tooth by tooth hardening pattern produced by a male, type A, inductor . 13 Figure 2 - Shaft design for press fitted gear 28 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All ri
31、ghts reserved vii Foreword The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13, Standard for Marine Gear Units: Rating and Application for Spur and Helical Gear Teeth. This standard pre
32、sents the methodology for determining the ratings of marine reduction and reversing gear systems driven by internal combustion engines, electric motors, and steam or gas turbines. It does not cover separate power generation drives, pump set drives, conveyor drives, deck machinery or the design and a
33、pplication of epicyclic drives. It supersedes ANSI/AGMA 6032-A94. This standard interprets ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04 for use by the marine industry considering the successful practice of marine gear manufacturers and the incorporation of its predecessor standards into the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
34、Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, as they existed, prior to 2000. The ABS Rules were based on AGMA rating Standards 211 and 221 as published in the early 1970s. The previous version of this standard was based on ANSI/AGMA 2001-A88 and, except where indicated, all changes incorporated in
35、 ANSI/AGMA 2001, up to and including the present version, are captured herein. These changes include, but are not limited to, moderate revisions to the allowable stresses, sacand sat, of some materials and a redefining of the dynamic factor, Kv. Changes of note to this standard include: - The separa
36、tion of the standard into metric and U.S. unit editions; - The changing of the title to be more indicative of the content of the standard; - The removal of the basic rating equations which are included in ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04; - The removal of references relating to rating methods based on K factor an
37、d unit load; - The replacement of the application factor, Ka, with an overload factor, Ko, and service factors, CSFand KSFto be more consistent with current practice in the marine industry; - The incorporation of the effect of the increased safety factors, historically used for capital ships, into t
38、he service factors; - The specifying of gear rating in terms of allowable transmitted power rather than working stress as was the practice in the previous version; - The addition of a new annex which addresses derating of the bull gear for astern operation of the vessel. The overall effect of these
39、changes is a reduction of the allowable transmitted power, for pitting resistance and bending strength, of the gearset. This reduction is essentially due to the inclusion of the service factors, CSFand KSF. The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 was made in May, 2008. It was approved by the AGMA memb
40、ership in October, 2013. It was approved as an American National Standard on September 23, 2013. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They may be submitted to techagma.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved viii PERSONNEL of the AGMA
41、 Helical Enclosed Drive Marine Units Committee Chairman: Art Nelson Lufkin Industries, Inc. Vice Chairman: Richard A. Calvert . Chalmers - marine propulsion reduction gears driven by steam or gas turbines from 1,500 to 30,000 horsepower per prime mover; - power take-off (PTO) gearing that is integra
42、l to the propulsion unit; - auxiliary propulsion gears; - combinations of drives listed above. Although the above referenced power requirements are based on actual operating experience, the design criteria in this standard are also applicable to larger power prime movers. As with any new application
43、, caution should be exercised when extrapolating requirements outside of the current experience range. In this standard, capital ships are vessels characterized by larger tonnage, higher horsepower, or deep water operation. The fundamental rating formulas are applicable for rating the pitting resist
44、ance and bending strength of external spur, helical, or double helical involute gear teeth. The formulas evaluate gear tooth capacity as influenced by the major factors which affect gear tooth pitting and gear tooth fracture. This standard also addresses bearings, clutches and controls, lubricating
45、systems, shaft stresses, balance and system vibrations. Gear blank design is not addressed. 1.2 Intended use This standard provides a method by which different gear designs can be compared. It is intended for use by the experienced gear designer capable of selecting reasonable values for the various
46、 factors, based on their knowledge of performance of similar designs and the effects of such items as lubrication, deflection, manufacturing tolerances, metallurgy, residual stress and system dynamics. The majority of marine gears are of helical or double helical tooth design. Spur gear tooth design
47、s are not generally used except for power take-off drives and reversing sections of marine gear units. This standard is not intended to assure performance of assembled gear drive systems, and is not intended for use by the engineering public at large. 1.3 Exceptions This standard does not cover: - s
48、eparate power generation drives; - pump set drives; - conveyor drives; AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6032-B13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved 2 - deck machinery; - epicyclic drives. The determination of gear mesh efficiency or overall drive efficiency is beyond the scope of this standard. This
49、standard does not cover the rating of gear drives due to the wear or scuffing (scoring) of gear teeth or components. See AGMA 925-A03 for a consideration of scuffing. 1.4 Marine gear rating parameter sheet A marine gear rating parameter sheet is included in Annex A to assist in determining the actual applicability of a gear for its intended service. 1.5 Alternative ratings It is recognized that marine units may be rated in different manners for the same service. Annex D provides additional information on alternative rating methods applied by marine classific
