1、ANSI/AGMA6123-C16American National Standard Design Manual for Enclosed Epicyclic Gear Drives ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16(Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6123-B06) NOTE: Please see last page for errataAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved i Design Manual for Enclosed Epicyclic Gear
2、 Drives ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6123-B06 Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment
3、of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concert
4、ed effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or procedures no
5、t conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard
6、 in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experienc
7、e. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See ANSI/AGMA 6123-16, Design Manual for Enclosed Epic
8、yclic Gear Drives, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org. Approved August 26, 2016 ABSTRACT This is a design manual for drives employing epicyclic gear arrangements. It includes descriptions of epic
9、yclic drives, nomenclature, application information and design guidelines with reference to other AGMA standards. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Association 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright 2016 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights re
10、served. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-55589-059-9 American National Standard AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C
11、16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved ii Contents Foreword vii 1 Scope 1 1.1 Limitations . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Symbols and terminology . 2 3.1 Symbols . 2 3.2 Nomenclature 2 4 Applications 8 4.1 Custom designed drives 8 4.1.1 Drive selection by load spectrum . 8 4.1.2 Determination of the equi
12、valent torque, Teq . 8 4.1.3 Maximum loads 8 4.1.4 Component sizing 9 4.2 Catalog drives . 9 4.2.1 Unit rating definition . 9 4.2.2 Selection of service factors 9 4.3 System dynamics 11 4.3.1 Vibration analysis, dynamic loads 11 4.3.2 Natural frequencies 11 4.3.3 System induced failure 11 4.3.4 Spec
13、ial system considerations 11 4.3.5 Load sharing 12 4.3.6 Torque variation . 12 4.4 Epicyclic system noise 12 4.4.1 Engagement impulse . 12 4.4.2 Pitch circle impulse 12 4.5 Special considerations 12 4.6 Speed considerations 13 4.6.1 Pitchline velocity 13 4.6.2 Rotational speed 14 4.6.3 Thermal effec
14、ts 14 5 Epicyclic gearing arrangements . 14 5.1 Fixed element 15 5.2 Types . 15 5.2.1 Simple epicyclic . 15 5.2.2 Compound epicyclic . 15 5.2.3 Coupled epicyclic . 15 5.2.4 Differential epicyclic . 15 5.3 Epicyclic speed ratios 17 5.3.1 Rotation and ratio determination 19 5.4 Relative speeds . 21 6
15、Meshing and assembly requirements . 23 6.1 Assembly . 23 6.1.1 Number of planets . 23 6.1.2 Non-factorizing . 26 6.1.3 Hunting . 26 6.2 Compound epicyclic 27 6.2.1 Adjustable 27 6.2.2 One piece . 27 6.2.3 Extra sun and ring gears 29 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights
16、reserved iii 6.3 Theoretical effects of non-factorizing and hunting 29 6.3.1 Effect of a factorizing tooth combination 29 6.3.2 Effect of an odd number of teeth on the planet gears . 30 6.3.3 Effect of non-factorizing tooth combination . 30 6.3.4 Example drive 31 6.3.5 Partial factorizing . 31 6.3.6
17、 Hunting gear tooth combinations . 31 7 Tooth geometry. 32 7.1 Assembly . 32 7.2 Interference . 32 7.3 Profile shift . 32 7.4 Gear tooth modification . 32 7.5 Meshing characteristics . 32 7.6 Backlash 33 7.7 Pressure angle 33 7.8 Gear geometry 33 7.9 Planet gear rim thickness 33 7.10 Internal gear r
18、im thickness 33 8 Circulating power 33 8.1 Losses . 35 8.2 Increased capacity 35 9 Load sharing . 36 9.1 Floating 37 9.2 Load share 38 10 Components . 38 10.1 Gear rating procedure . 38 10.1.1 Mesh load share 38 10.1.2 Rating . 39 10.2 Bearings 41 10.2.1 Bearing types . 41 10.2.2 Considerations . 41
19、 10.2.3 Functions . 41 10.2.4 Loads . 41 10.2.5 Speeds . 42 10.2.6 Bearing capacity 42 10.3 Design for fretting wear . 42 10.4 Spline couplings 42 10.4.1 Application . 42 10.4.2 Arrangements 43 10.4.3 Shear capacity . 43 10.4.4 Wear and fretting . 44 10.4.5 Forces induced by misalignment . 45 10.4.6
20、 Design of coupling bodies 46 10.4.7 Lubrication of splines . 47 10.4.8 Torque lock and jamming 48 10.5 Threaded fasteners . 48 10.5.1 Design considerations . 48 10.5.2 Fastener preload 48 10.5.3 Fastener allowable stress 50 10.5.4 Fastener tensile stress . 50 10.5.5 Locking devices for fasteners 51
21、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved iv 10.6 Keys 51 10.7 Planet carrier . 51 10.7.1 Straddle type carrier with ring shaped planets 51 10.7.2 Straddle type carrier with shaft shaped planets . 52 10.7.3 Cantilevered type carrier with ring shaped planets 52 10.7
22、.4 Helix modification . 52 10.8 Housings . 52 10.9 Planet pins . 53 10.10 Mountings 53 10.10.1 Planetary drives . 53 10.10.2 Star drives 54 10.10.3 External 54 11 Thermal power rating 54 11.1 Thermal rating criteria . 55 11.2 Method A Test 55 11.3 Method B Calculation . 57 11.3.1 Thermal equilibrium
23、 equation 57 11.3.2 Heat dissipation . 58 11.3.3 Heat generation . 59 11.4 Corrections for non-standard criteria 70 11.4.1 Oil sump temperature, BST . 70 11.4.2 Ambient air temperature, BAT . 70 11.4.3 Ambient air velocity, BV 71 11.4.4 Altitude, BA . 71 11.4.5 Duty cycle, BD 71 11.5 Efficiency . 72
24、 12 Lubrication 72 12.1 General 72 12.2 Lubricant viscosity . 73 12.3 Lubrication methods 73 12.3.1 Splash lubrication 74 12.3.2 Pressure fed lubrication . 74 12.4 Lubrication maintenance . 74 12.4.1 Cleanliness 74 12.4.2 Operating temperature . 74 12.4.3 Openings 74 Annexes Annex A (informative) Ex
25、ample of preliminary design procedure for a simple epicyclic gear set 76 Annex B (informative) Special considerations in design of epicyclic gearboxes 81 Annex C (informative) Calculated example of two stage wind turbine speed increaser . 84 Annex D (informative) Calculated example of catalog epicyc
26、lic speed reducer . 92 Annex E (informative) Example of compound planetary drive 98 Annex F (informative) Compound planetary timing 100 Annex G (informative) Example of thermal rating calculations . 105 Annex H (informative) Design considerations for high speed epicyclic drives . 111 Annex I (inform
27、ative) Calculation of load sharing for both floating and fixed epicyclic stages . 113 Annex J Bibliography 126 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved v Tables Table 1 Symbols and terms . 2 Table 2 Speed ratios 17 Table 3 Epicyclic gear train meshing requirements
28、. 24 Table 4 Guideline for maximum ratio for simple star and planetary epicyclics with different numbers of planets . 25 Table 5 Epicyclic gear factorizing and non-factorizing . 26 Table 6 Hunting tooth categories . 26 Table 7 Mesh load factor for the heaviest loaded planet . 36 Table 8 Fastener pre
29、load tensile stress (metric fasteners) 48 Table 9 Fastener preload tensile stress (inch fasteners) . 49 Table 10 Joint stiffness factor 50 Table 11 Bearing dip factor (oil bath lubrication), fO 61 Table 12 Factors for calculating M1 64 Table 13 Exponents for calculation of M1 65 Table 14 Factor f2 f
30、or cylindrical roller bearings . 65 Table 15 Maximum allowable oil sump temperature modifier, BST 71 Table 16 Ambient air temperature modifier, BAT 71 Table 17 Ambient air velocity modifier, BV . 71 Table 18 Altitude modifier, BA. 72 Table 19 Operation time modifier, BD . 72 Table A.1 Indexes of too
31、th loading for preliminary design calculations1) . 77 Table C.1 Basic gear data 84 Table C.2 Load spectrum . 85 Table D.1 Initial basic gear data 92 Table D.2 Evaluation of face load distribution factor, KH, with curved teeth, bending deflection and misalignment at 100% load, 6673 N 94 Table D.3 Eva
32、luation of face load distribution factor, KH, with curved teeth, bending deflection and misalignment at 200% load, 13 350 N . 95 Table D.4 Summary of rating calculations . 96 Table G.1 Input data for thermal calculations 106 Table G.2 Operating conditions . 106 Table G.3 Heat generation calculation
33、. 107 Table G.4 Heat dissipation calculation . 109 Table G.5 Thermal equilibrium and efficiency 109 Table G.6 Reference equations . 110 Table I.1 Required radial clearance of floating member and N for floating stages . 115 Table I.2 Critical value of Xe . 115 Table I.3 Equivalent errors . 116 Table
34、I.4 Example summary 118 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved vi Figures Figure 1 Pitch circle and engagement impulse 13 Figure 2 Simple epicyclic . 16 Figure 3 Compound epicyclic . 16 Figure 4 Coupled planetary 16 Figure 5 Sun input/carrier output . 20 Figure 6
35、 Ring input/carrier output 20 Figure 7 Combination input 21 Figure 8 Coupled planetary 22 Figure 9 Compound-coupled epicyclic . 22 Figure 10 Calculation of clearance between planet outside diameters . 25 Figure 11 Epicyclic system with partially factorizing tooth numbers 27 Figure 12 Tooth marking 2
36、8 Figure 13 Compound epicyclic system with extra sun and ring gears . 29 Figure 14 One planet alone . 30 Figure 15 Planet gears with odd numbers of teeth 30 Figure 16 Non-factorizing three planet system 31 Figure 17 Circulating power example 34 Figure 18 Simple planetary power capacity 35 Figure 19
37、Single articulation 43 Figure 20 Double articulation . 44 Figure 21 Radial and axial forces 46 Figure 22 Fastener grip requirement . 50 Figure 23 Typical example of a straddle type carrier for use with five ring shaped planets 52 Figure 24 Determination of thermal rating by test 56 Figure 25 Graphic
38、al representation of calculation of thermal rating 58 Figure 26 Tapered roller bearing load equations . 66 Figure 27 Bearing power loss coefficient, j 67 Figure B.1 Angular displacement . 81 Figure C.1 150 kW wind planetary drive 84 Figure D.1 Assembly drawing 92 Figure G.1 Typical industrial 2-stag
39、e planetary drive 105 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved vii Foreword The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16, Design Manual for Enc
40、losed Epicyclic Gear Drives. This standard presents design information and rating methods for epicyclic enclosed gear drives. This standard supersedes ANSI/AGMA 6023-A88 and ANSI/AGMA 6123-A88. The initial AGMA publication that addressed epicyclic gearing was a portion of AGMA 420.04, Practice for E
41、nclosed Speed Reducers or Increasers Using Spur, Helical, Herringbone and Spiral Bevel Gears. It was published in 1975, but was subsequently superseded by ANSI/AGMA 6123-A88, Design Manual for Enclosed Epicyclic Gear Drives, a much more comprehensive epicyclic gear document, published in 1988. AGMA
42、reactivated the Epicyclic Gear Committee to develop a revision to ANSI/AGMA 6123-A88 that would incorporate additional guidelines, the latest gearing technology as applied to epicyclic gears, and SI units exclusively. The purpose of this standard is to provide the user of enclosed epicyclic gear dri
43、ves with a method of specifying and comparing proposed designs to help predict the relative performance of different units. This standard is intended to establish a common base for rating epicyclic gear units and to encourage the maximum practical degree of uniformity and consistency between rating
44、practices in the gear industry. It emphasizes the complexity of epicyclic unit design, and the need to consider the entire system of housings, bearings, gears and shafts in establishing the rating of a drive. The formulas presented in this standard contain numerous terms whose individual values can
45、vary significantly depending on application, system effects, accuracy, and manufacturing methods. Proper evaluation of these terms is essential for realistic rating. The knowledge and judgment required to evaluate properly the various rating factors comes primarily from years of accumulated experien
46、ce in designing, testing, manufacturing, and operating similar gear units. The detailed treatment of the general rating formulas for specific product applications is best accomplished by those experienced in the field. This revision was created to address load sharing between planets in more detail,
47、 provide additional guidance for higher speed epicyclic units with the addition of Annex H, and add other clarifications where needed. In regards to load sharing, an analytical method for the calculation of K has been introduced in Clause 9 with additional details and examples given in Annex I. Furt
48、hermore, Table 7 has been retained from the previous revision except for the change of K from 1.44 to 1.38 for Application Level 2-6 planets and from 1.60 to 1.52 for Application Levels 1 and 2 with 8 planets. In addition, K for level 2-3 planets is now 1.05 instead of 1.00. The first draft of ANSI/
49、AGMA 6123-C16 was created in January 2013. It was approved by the membership in July 2016 and as an American National Standard on August 26, 2016. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They may be submitted to techagma.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6123-C16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved viii PERSONNEL of the AGMA Epicyclic Enclosed Drive Committee Chairman: Octave LaBath Gear Consu
