1、The International Authority on Air System ComponentsAIR MOVEMENT AND CONTROL ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL INC.ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15Laboratory Methods of TestingAir Circulating Fans for Ratingand CertificationAn American National Standard Approved by ANSI on October 16, 2015ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15
2、Laboratory Methods of TestingAir Circulating Fans for Rating and CertificationAir Movement and Control Association International30 W. University DriveArlington Heights, Illinois60004AMCA PublicationsAuthority AMCA Standard 230-15 was adopted by the membership of the Air Movement and Control Associat
3、ion International Inc. on September 4, 2015, and approved by the American National Standards Institute on October 16, 2015. Copyright 2006 by Air Movement and Control Association International Inc.All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sect
4、ions 107 and 108 of the United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the executive direc-tor, Air Movement and Control Association International Inc. at 30 West University Drive, Arlington
5、 Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.Objections Air Movement and Control Association International Inc. will consider and take action upon all written complaints regarding its standards, certification programs or interpretations thereof. For information on procedures for submitting and handling complaints, w
6、rite toAir Movement and Control Association International30 West University DriveArlington Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.A.AMCA International IncorporatedEuropean AMCAAvenue des Arts, numro 46 Bruxelles (1000 Bruxelles)Asia AMCA Sdn BhdNo. 7, Jalan SiLC 1/6,Kawasan Perindustrian SiLC Nusajaya,Mukim Jel
7、utong, 79200 Nusajaya, JohorMalaysiaDisclaimer AMCA uses its best efforts to produce publications for the benefit of the industry and the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices. However, AMCA does not guarantee, certify or assure the safety or performance of any pro
8、ducts, components or systems tested, designed, installed or operated in accordance with AMCA publications or that any tests conducted under its publications will be non-hazardous or free from risk.Review CommitteeJohn Cermak ACME Engineering and Manufacturing Corp.John Fox Air King Ventilation Produ
9、ctsVasanthi Iyer Air Movement SolutionChristian Avedon Airius, LLCJay Fizer Big Ass SolutionsChristian Taber Big Ass SolutionsArmin Hauer ebm-papst Inc.Luis Carlos Mendes Dos Santos Nior Equilibrio Balanceamentos Industriais LtdaFernando A. Ruiz C., P.E., M.A. Equipos Electromecnicos, S.A. de C.V.Ju
10、stin Meyer Hartzell Air MovementBill Walker Hunter Fan CompanyTom Breeden Hunter Fan CompanyTerry Lyons J the I-P unit of length is the foot (ft) or the inch (in.). The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg); the I-P unit of mass is the pound mass (lbm). The unit of time is either the minute (min) or
11、the second (s). The SI unit of temperature is either the Kelvin (K) or the degree Celsius (C); the I-P unit of temperature is either the degree Fahrenheit (F) or the degree Rankine (R). The SI unit of force is the newton (N); the I-P unit of force is the pound force (lbf).3.3 VelocityThe SI unit of
12、velocity is the meter per second (m/s); the I-P unit of velocity is the foot per minute (fpm).3.4 ThrustThe SI unit of thrust is the newton (N); the I-P unit is the pound force (lbf).3.5 PressureThe SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa). The I-P unit of pressure is either the inch water gauge (in.
13、wg) or the inch mercury (in. Hg). Values in mm Hg or in in. Hg shall be used only for barometric pressure measurements.The in. wg shall be based on a one-inch column of distilled water at 68 F under standard gravity and a gas column balancing effect based on standard air. The in. Hg shall be based o
14、n a one-inch column of mercury at 32 F under standard gravity in a vacuum. The mm Hg shall be based on a one-millimeter column of mercury at 0 C under stan-dard gravity in a vacuum.3.6 PowerThe unit of input power is the watt (W).3.7 SpeedThe unit of rotational speed is the revolution per minute (rp
15、m).3.8 Gas propertiesThe SI unit of density is the kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3); the I-P unit of density is the pound mass per cubic foot (lbm/ft3). The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal-second, (Pa-s); the I-P unit of viscosity is the pound mass per foot-second (lbm/ft-s). The SI unit of gas c
16、onstant is the joule per kilogram-kelvin (J/kg-K); the I-P unit of gas constant is the foot-pound force per pound-mass-degree Rankine (ft-lb/(lbmR). 3.9 Dimensionless groupsVarious dimensionless quantities appear in the text. Any consistent system of units may be employed to evaluate these quantitie
17、s unless a numerical factor is included, in which case units must be as specified.3.10 Physical constantsThe SI value of standard gravitational acceleration shall be taken as 9.80665 m/s2, which corresponds to mean sea level at 45 latitude; the I-P value of standard gravitational 2 | ANSI/AMCA 230-1
18、5acceleration is 32.1740 ft/s2, which corresponds to mean sea level at 45 latitude 1. The SI density of distilled water at saturation pressure shall be taken as 998.278 kg/m3at 20C; the I-P value is 62.3205 lbm/ft3at 68 F 2. The density of mercury at saturation pressure shall be taken as 13595.1 kg/
19、m3at 0 C; the I-P value is 848.714 lbm/ft3at 32F 2. The specific weights in kg/m3(lbm/ft3) of these fluids in vacuum under standard gravity are numerically equal to their densities at corresponding temperatures.4. Symbols and SubscriptsSee Table 1.5. Definitions5.1 Air circulating fanA non-ducted fa
20、n used for the general circulation of air within a confined space. Various types of air circulating fans are defined below.5.1.1 Air circulating fan headAn assembly consisting of a motor, impeller and guard for mounting on a pedestal having a base and column, wall mount bracket, ceiling mount bracke
21、t, I-beam bracket or other commonly accepted mounting means.5.1.2 Ceiling fanA fan which is mounted to the ceiling or overhead structure of a building, usually with the fan shaft oriented vertically. The impeller may or may not be guarded.5.1.3 Personnel coolerA fan used in shops, factories, etc. Ge
22、nerally supplied with wheels or casters on the housing or frame to aid in porta-bility, and with motor and impeller enclosed in a common guard and shroud.5.1.4 Box fanA fan used in an office or residential application and having the motor and impeller enclosed in an approximately square box frame ha
23、ving a handle.5.1.5 Table fanA fan intended for use on a desk, table or countertop. The fan may also be provided with the means for mounting to a wall.5.2 Psychrometrics5.2.1 Dry-bulb temperatureThe air temperature measured by a dry temperature sensor.5.2.2 Wet-bulb temperatureThe temperature measur
24、ed by a temperature sensor covered by a water-moistened wick and exposed to air in motion. When properly measured, it is a close approxima-tion of the temperature of adiabatic saturation.5.2.3 Wet-bulb depressionThe difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb tempera-tures at the same location.5.2.
25、4 Air densityThe mass per unit volume of the air.5.2.5 Standard airAir with a density of 1.2 kg/m3(0.075 lbm/ft3), a ratio of specific heats of 1.4, a viscosity of 1.8185 10-5Pas (1.222 10-5lbms). Air at 20 C (68 F), 50% relative humidity and 101.325 kPa (29.92 in. Hg) barometric pres-sure has these
26、 properties, approximately.5.3 Pressure5.3.1 PressurePressure is force per unit area. This corresponds to energy per unit volume of fluid.5.3.2 Absolute pressureThe value of a pressure when the datum pressure is abso-lute zero. It is always positive.5.3.3 Barometric pressureThe absolute pressure exe
27、rted by the atmosphere.5.4 Force5.4.1 Load differentialThe difference in measured force, using either standard weights or a load cell, when the fan is energized and when it is not energized.5.5 Fan performance variables5.5.1 Fan thrustThe reaction force due to the momentum change of the mass flow th
28、rough the device.5.5.2 Fan speedThe rotational speed of the impeller. 5.5.3 Power inputThe electrical power required to drive the fan and any elements in the drive train which are considered a part of the fan.ANSI/AMCA 230-15 | 3Table 1Symbols and SubscriptsSymbol Description SI Unit I-P UnitA Disch
29、arge area m2ft2D Diameter m ftE Voltage V VEffcircEfficacy of a circulating fan (m3/s)/W cfm/WFtForce due to thrust N lbfF Load differential N lbfoOverall efficiency dimensionlessI System input current A AL1Lever arm length mm in.L2Lever arm length mm in.N Fan speed rpm rpmpbCorrected barometric pre
30、ssure Pa in. HgpeSaturated vapor pressure Pa in. HgppPartial vapor pressure Pa in. HgQ0 Airflow rate m3/s cfmR Gas constant J/(kgK) ft-lb/(lbmR)0Ambient air density kg/m3lbm/ft3stdStandard air density kg/m3lbm/ft3td0Ambient dry-bulb temperature C Ftw0Ambient wet-bulb temperature C FttTotal temperatu
31、re C FV Air velocity m/s fpmWEElectrical input power W W5.6.3 TestA series of determinations for one or more points of operation of a fan, e.g., various fan speeds, voltages or frequencies. 6. Instruments and Methods of Measurement6.1 AccuracyThe specifications for instruments and methods of measure
32、ment that follow include both accuracy require-ments and specific examples of equipment that are capa-ble of meeting those requirements. Equipment other than the examples cited may be used provided the accuracy requirements are met or exceeded 3.6.1.1 Instrument accuracyThe specifications regarding
33、accuracy correspond to two standard deviations based on an assumed normal distri-bution. This is frequently how instrument suppliers iden-tify accuracy, but that should be verified. The calibration procedures, which are specified below, shall be employed to minimize errors. In any calibration proces
34、s, the large systematic error of the instrument is exchanged for the 5.5.4 Discharge areaArea of a circle having a diameter equal to the blade tip diameter.5.6 Miscellaneous5.6.1 Shall and shouldThe word shall is to be understood as mandatory, the word should as advisory.5.6.2 DeterminationA complet
35、e set of measurements for the free-air operation of an air circulator fan. A determination shall, at a minimum, include the following measurements:Ambient dry bulb temperature in C (F)Ambient wet bulb temperature in C (F)Barometric pressure in mm Hg (in. Hg)Diameter in meters (feet)Electrical input
36、voltage in voltsSystem input current in ampsElectrical input power input in wattsFan speed in rpmLoad differential in newtons (pounds force)4 | ANSI/AMCA 230-15smaller combination of the systematic error of the stan-dard instrument and the random error of the comparison. Instruments shall be set up,
37、 calibrated and read by quali-fied personnel trained to minimize errors.6.1.2 Measurement uncertaintyIt is axiomatic that every test measurement contains some error and that the true value cannot be known because the magnitude of the error cannot be determined exactly. However, it is possible to per
38、form an uncertainties analysis to identify a range of values within which the true value probably lies. A probability of 95% has been chosen as acceptable for this standard.The standard deviation of random errors can be deter-mined by statistical analysis of repeated measurements. No statistical mea
39、ns are available to evaluate systematic errors, so these must be estimated. The estimated upper limit of a systematic error is called the systematic uncer-tainty and, if properly estimated, it will contain the true value 99% of the time. The two standard deviation limit of a random error has been se
40、lected as the random uncertainty. Two standard deviations yield 95% probability for random errors.6.1.3 Uncertainty of a resultThe results of a fan test are the various fan performance variables listed in Section 5.5. Each result is based on one or more measurements. The uncertainty in any result ca
41、n be determined from the uncertainties in the measurement. It is best to determine the systematic uncertainty of the result and then the random uncertainty of the result before combining them into the total uncertainty of the result. This may provide clues on how to reduce the total uncertainty. Whe
42、n the systematic uncertainty is combined in quadrature with the random uncertainty, the total uncertainty will give 95% coverage. In most test situations, it is wise to perform a pre-test uncertainties analysis to identify potential prob-lems. A pre-test uncertainties analysis is not required for ea
43、ch test covered by this standard because it is recognized that most laboratory tests for rating are conducted in facili-ties where similar tests are repeatedly run. Nevertheless, a pre-test analysis is recommended as is a post-test analy-sis. The simplest form of analysis is a verification that all
44、accuracy and calibration specifications have been met. The most elaborate analysis would consider all the elemental sources of error including those due to calibration, data acquisition, data reduction, calculation assumptions, envi-ronmental effects and operational steadiness.6.2 Airflow rate6.2.1
45、Airflow rateAirflow rate shall be calculated from the thrust, standard density and physical diameter of the fan using equations Eq. 9.6 SI or Eq. 9.6 I-P (see Section 9.4).6.2.2 ThrustThe thrust shall be calculated from the measured load differential, ambient air density and physical dimensions of t
46、he test setup. Load differential shall be determined using either standard weights or a load cell.6.2.2.1 Standard weightsStandard weights shall be accurate within 0.5%. Weights shall be added to the test apparatus to balance the appa-ratus (see figures) prior to energizing the fan. After the fan is
47、 energized, additional weights are added to balance the fixture. Load differential is the difference between these two weights. 6.2.2.2 Load cellLoad cell measurements shall be accurate within 0.5% of the measured value. Load cell measurements shall be recorded at a minimum of one-second intervals t
48、hrough a 120-second period of test, and the mean of the measured values reported.6.2.3 Dimensional measurements6.2.3.1 Lever arm lengthsLever arm lengths, L1and L2, shall be measured to within 0.5% of the actual value (See Test Figures 2A, 2B1 and 2B2).6.2.3.2 DiameterDiameter, D, is the outermost i
49、mpeller blade tip diameter. It shall be measured to within 0.5% of the actual value (See Test Figures 1, 2A, 2B1, 2B2, 3A and 3B).6.3 PowerInput power shall be determined from the measurement of active (real) power in all phases simultaneously by an electric meter.6.3.1 MetersElectrical meters shall have certified accuracies of 1% of observed reading.6.3.2 CalibrationEach voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter shall be calibrated over the range of values to be encountered during testing against a meter with a calibration that is tracea
