1、Printed in U.S.A.ASSEAMERICAN SOCIETY OFSAFETY ENGINEERSAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDANSI/ASSE A10.16-2009ANSI/ASSE A10.16-2009Safety Requir ements forT unnels, Shafts, and CaissonsAmerican National S tandar d for Construction and Demolition OperationsANSI/ASSE A10.16-2009The information and materials
2、contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of t
3、his material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE A10.16 2009 American National Stan
4、dard Construction and Demolition Operations Safety Requirements for Tunnels, Shafts, and Caissons Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 East Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 Approved November 10, 2009 Effective February 10, 2010 American National Standards Institute, In
5、c. Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agre
6、ement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of Am
7、erican National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National St
8、andards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institut
9、e. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute requires that a
10、ction be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published January 2010 by American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 E
11、ast Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2009 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission o
12、f the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard A10.16-2009.) This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by the Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in Cons
13、truction and Demolition Operations, A10. It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor, and equipment manufacturers. For the convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 series for
14、 Safety Requirements in Construction and Demolition Operations follows. A10.1 Pre-Planning for Construction Safety and Health (under development) A10.2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Training (under development) A10.3 Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems A10.4 Personnel Hoists and Employee Elevators
15、 A10.5 Material Hoists A10.6 Demolition Operations A10.7 Transportation, Storage, Handling, and Use of Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents A10.8 Scaffolding A10.9 Concrete and Masonry Construction A10.10 Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices A10.11 Personnel and Debris Nets A10.12 Excav
16、ation A10.13 Steel Erection A10.15 Dredging A10.16 Tunnels, Shafts, and Caissons A10.17 Safe Operating Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction A10.18 Temporary Roof and Floor Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways, and Other Unprotected Edges A10.19 Pile Installation and Extraction Operations A10.
17、20 Ceramic Tile, Terrazzo, and Marble Work A10.21 Safe Construction and Demolition of Wind Generation/Turbine Facilities (under development) A10.22 Rope-Guided and Non-Guided Workers Hoists A10.24 Roofing Safety Requirements for Low-Sloped Roofs A10.25 Sanitation in Construction A10.26 Emergency Pro
18、cedures for Construction Sites (under development) A10.27 Hot Mix Asphalt Facilities A10.28 Work Platforms Suspended from Cranes or Derricks A10.29 Aerial Platforms in Construction (under development) A10.31 Digger-Derricks A10.32 Personal Fall Protection Used in Construction and Demolition Operatio
19、ns A10.33 Safety and Health Program Requirements for Multi-Employer Projects A10.34 Public Protection A10.36 Railroad Construction Safety (under development) A10.37 Debris Nets A10.38 Basic Elements of a Program to Provide a Safe and Healthful Work Environment A10.39 Construction Safety and Health A
20、udit Program A10.40 Reduction of Musculoskeletal Problems in Construction A10.41 Equipment Operator and Supervisor Qualifications and Responsibilities (under development) A10.42 Rigging Qualifications and Responsibilities in the Construction Industry A10.43 Confined Spaces in Construction (under dev
21、elopment) A10.44 Lockout/Tagout in Construction A10.46 Hearing Loss Prevention A10.47 Highway Construction Safety A10.48 Communication Tower Erection (under development) A10.49 Control of Health Hazards (under development) One purpose of these standards is to serve as guides to governmental authorit
22、ies having jurisdiction over subjects within the scope of the A10 Committee standards. If these standards are adopted for governmental use, the reference of other national codes or standards in individual volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations. Revisions: The A10 Committee
23、welcomes proposals for revisions to this standard. Revisions are made to the standard periodically (usually five years from the date of the standard) to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by experience gained from the application of the standard. Proposals should
24、 be as specific as possible, citing the relevant paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and the reason for the proposal. Pertinent documentation would enable the A10 Committee to process the changes in a more timely manner. Interpretations: Upon a request in writing to the Secretariat, the A10 C
25、ommittee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the standard. The request for interpretation should be clear, citing the relevant paragraph number(s) and phrased as a request for a clarification of a specific requirement. Oral interpretations are not provided. No one but the A10 Committ
26、ee (through the A10 Secretariat) is authorized to provide any interpretation of this standard. Approval: Neither the A10 Committee nor American National Standards Institute (ANSI) “approves,“ “certifies,“ “rates,“ or “endorses“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Appendices: App
27、endices are included in most standards to provide the user with additional information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of the approved standard. Committee Meetings: The A10 Committee meets twice a year. Persons wishing to attend a meeting should contact the Secretaria
28、t for information. Standard Approval: This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the American National Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition Operations, A10. Approval of the standard does not necessarily imply (nor is it required) that all Committee memb
29、ers voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved, the A10 Committee had the following members: Richard King, CSP, Chairman James Tomaseski, Vice Chairman Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, ARM, CPEA, Secretary Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support Organization Represented Name o
30、f Representative Accident Prevention Corporation Frank Burg, CSP Michael Serpe, ASP Aegis Corporation Matthew J. Burkart, P.E. Judith Burkart Aerial Work Platform Training, Inc. Dennis W. Eckstine Alstom Power Robert Renney Ted P. Sharp American Insurance Services Group Edward Campbell James G. Borc
31、hardt, CSP, CPE ASCE - Construction Institute Committee Harlan Fair, P.E. Laura CiampaAmerican Society of Safety Engineers Allen Macenski, CSP, J.D. A. David Brayton, CSP, CPC Asbestos Workers International Union Terry Lynch Jim E. Lapping, MS, P.E., CSP Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc. Mic
32、hael W. Hayslip, Esq., P.E., CSP Chris WilliamAssociated General Contractors of America, The James Brown Kevin CannonAssociation of Union Constructors, The William Treharne, P.E. Wayne Creasap, II A-Z Safety Resources, Inc. Jane F. Williams, CPEA, CCA Barton-Malow Company Mark Klimbal, CSP, ARM Clay
33、ton Shafer Black related facilities; fire prevention; hoisting; haulage; and electrical, drilling and blasting, and compressed air work. This standard is not intended for application to mining or quarrying operations. 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish reasonable and practical
34、 safety requirements and practices for the construction of tunnels, shafts, and caissons. 1.3 Exceptions. The enforcing author-ity may grant an exception to the literal requirements of this standard or may permit alternative methods if compliance with these requirements presents a greater hazard or
35、significant hardship, is impractical or involves other extenuating circumstances. 2. REFERENCED STANDARDS 2.1 Related American National Standards. The following American National Standards are referred to, supplement or are related to this document. All provisions of the referenced standards that ar
36、e applicable to demolition operations shall be observed. When the following American National Standards are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, the revision shall apply: ANSI/ASSE A10.33, Safety and Health Program Requirements for Multi-Employer Projects A
37、NSI/ASSE A10.38, Basic Elements of an Employers Program to Provide a Safety and Healthful Work Environment ANSI/ASSE A10.9, Concrete and Masonry Work Safety Requirements ANSI/ASSE A10.12, Safety Requirements for Excavation ANSI/ASSE A10.18, Safety Requirements for Temporary Floors, Holes, Wall Openi
38、ngs, Stairways and Other Unprotected Edges in Construction and Demolition Operations ANSI/ALI A14.1, Safety Requirements for Wooden Ladders ANSI/ALI A14.2, Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders ANSI/ALI A14.3, Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders ANSI/ALI A14.4, Safety Requirements for Job
39、-Made Wooden Ladders ANSI/ALI A14.5, Safety Requirements for Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders ANSI/NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code ANSI/NFPA 70, National Electrical Code ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, Industrial Head
40、Protection ANSI/LIA Z136.1, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.16 2009 12 ANSI/ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Foot Protection 2.2 Other Standards. ASME, Boiler Pressure Vessel Code 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Air Supply. Compr
41、essed air used in the working chamber. 3.1.1 Low-Air Supply. Compressed air used to raise and maintain pressure in the working chamber and in the air locks. 3.1.2 High-Air Supply. Compressed air normally used to activate pneumatic equipment and tools. 3.2 Barricade. An obstruction or bar-rier to det
42、er the passage of persons or vehicles. 3.3 Blow. A rapid loss of air pressure, which may be caused by a breach of the surface areas in a tunnel being constructed under compressed air conditions. A blow may, or may not, involve a reverse flow of solid or liquid materials (flooding of a tunnel under w
43、ater, etc). 3.4 Bulkhead. An airtight vertical wall or partition separating the working chamber from free air or from another chamber under a lesser pressure than the working pressure. Generally, one or more air locks pierce the bulkhead, in addition to a number of openings for air pipes and other f
44、acilities. 3.5 Caisson. A watertight chamber, usually of wood or steel sheeting, some-times a cylinder of steel or concrete, used in construction work underwater or as a foundation. When the bottom of the structure extends below the surface of free water and excavation is performed by workers in a w
45、orking chamber at an air pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, the caisson is said to be a compressed-air caisson. 3.6 Competent Person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to e
46、mployees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. 3.7 Decanting. A method of de-compression under emergency conditions requiring recompression in a second and separate lock. 3.8 Engineer. A person qualified by training and experience in a branch of engineering
47、 and registered in the state where the work is to be performed. 3.9 Engineering. The profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to economically utilize the materials and forces of nature
48、 for the progressive well-being of mankind. 3.10 Escape Respirator. A mouthpiece respirator designed for self-rescue in case of a fire or explosion. 3.11 Face. The area of farthest advance of the tunnel excavation in which the major excavation process is taking place. Synonymous with Working Face. 3
49、.12 Free Air. Air at normal atmos-pheric pressure. 3.13 Heading. The portion of a tunnel where major work of excavating and initial lining is taking place, or the portion immediately behind a working face. 3.14 Lock. A compartment designed to permit passage of personnel, material, or equipment in either direction between free air and a compressed-air working chamber. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.16 2009 13 3.14.1 Combination Lock. A lock that serves both as a material and a man lock. 3.14.2 Emergency Lock. A lock designed to permit all the workers employed on any shift
