1、Printed in U.S.A.ASSEAMERICAN SOCIETY OFSAFETY ENGINEERSAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDANSI/ASSE A10.40 2007 (R2013)ANSI/ASSE A10.40 2007 (R2013) Reduction of Musculoskeletal Problems in ConstructionAmerican National Standardfor Construction and Demolition OperationsANSI/ASSE A10.40 2007 (R2013)The infor
2、mation and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness
3、 or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE A10.40 2007 (
4、R2013) American National Standard Construction and Demolition Operations Reduction of Musculoskeletal Problems in Construction Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 East Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 Approved March 4, 2013 American National Standards Institute, Inc.
5、Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreem
6、ent has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of Ame
7、rican National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National S
8、tandards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institu
9、te. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that a
10、ction be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published April 2013 by American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 Ea
11、st Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2013 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
12、 the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard A10.40-2007 (R2013).) This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by the Accredited Standards Committee on Safety
13、in Construction and Demolition Operations, A10. It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor and equipment manufacturers. For the convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 seri
14、es for Safety Requirements in Construction and Demolition Operations follows. A10.1 Pre-Project 2. Substitution; 3. Engineering controls; 4. Administrative changes; 5. Work practice changes; 6. Training; 7. Protective equipment; and 8. Assessment of physical capa-bilities of the individual. AMERICAN
15、 NATIONAL STANDARD A10.40 2007 (R2013) 12 4.3 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the solution shall be based on reduction of risk factors, musculoskeletal pain and injury symptoms. 4.4 Evaluation should also include assessment of whether the solution may create other hazards and the feasibility of t
16、he solutions. Note: The committee believes that the standard is most effective in following the hierarchy of controls above. The committee also recognizes that an employers analysis of the effectiveness of alternative approaches may lead to deviations from the hierarchy. Comment: Appendix B provides
17、 a list of potential solutions for musculoskeletal issues in construction. Trade associations, labor unions, government agencies such as NIOSH and manufacturers (e.g. tool manufacturers) may also be sources of information. Appendix F provides additional sources of information to assist employees in
18、reducing musculoskeletal problems. 5. IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALU-ATION OF SOLUTIONS 5.1 Potential solutions shall be eval-uated and those accepted shall be implemented on the jobsite. 5.1.1 Once potential solutions have been accepted and implemented the potential solution(s) shall be evaluated on the
19、jobsite to identify which of them are most effective. 5.2 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the solution shall be based on reduction of risk factors, musculoskeletal pain and injury symptoms. 6. TRAINING 6.1 All construction workers including supervisors should be trained as part of their skills tr
20、aining and/or toolbox safety training in how to recognize risk factors and ways to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal issues through proper work techniques. Training should include discussion of non-occupational risk factors. (See Appendix H for detailed information on non-occupational risk factors.
21、) 6.2 Supervisors should also be trained in how to recognize risk factors and how to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal issues through proper planning and supervision. 7. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION 7.1 Employees should be included in the early stages of planning a program to reduce the risk of musculosk
22、eletal problems, and, to the extent practical, in task assessments to help identify tasks/ jobs that pose a significant risk for musculoskeletal problems. 8. INJURY MANAGEMENT PRO-GRAM 8.1 Employers should develop an injury management program to reduce the severity of work-related musculoskeletal pr
23、oblems. This program should include: 1. Encouraging workers to re- port musculoskeletal problems early. 2. Effective treatment. 3. Modified duty/return to work programs, reassessment of, or modifying tasks to reduce risk factor exposures for that individual. 4. Reassessment of tasks that may have co
24、ntributed to a musculoskeletal problem in accordance with Sections 3 and 4 above. 5. Sites should designate a qual-ified musculoskeletal re-source person. This person should be the primary contact for muscu-loskeletal issues. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.40 2007 (R2013) 13 APPENDIX A INFORMATIONAL
25、 Appendices are included in most standards to provide the user with additional information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of the approved standard. RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDANCE The risk of musculoskeletal problems is associated with: The duration of exposure (e.g., numbe
26、r of hours or percent of work day, particularly sustained exposure) The intensity of exposure (e.g., amount of force required) The number of simultaneous risk factor exposures The risk of back injuries and pain from lifting and carrying tasks is related to many factors, such as: Size of the load Wei
27、ght of the load How close to the body it can be lifted Coupling (how well can you grasp it? / Does it have handles? / Does it allow a whole hand/power grip or only a pinch grip?) Where you are lifting it from (height above the floor) Where you are lifting it to (destination location) Frequency of th
28、e lift (usually lifts per minute) The amount of twisting required Acceleration (how smooth or jerky the lift is) One-handed lifts vs. two-handed lifts How long it needs to be held (static postures and strength) How far it needs to be carried How much rest between tasks The risk of hand/wrist injurie
29、s and pain from repetitive hand activity is related to factors such as: Frequency (how many times the task occurs per second) How much force is required for the task (especially peak forces) Amount of rest allowed Posture (how bent the wrist is during the task) For pushing/pulling tasks, the risk of
30、 musculoskeletal problems is related to factors such as: The weight of the load The pushing/pulling force required (especially the peak force to get the load started) The incline of the surface The smoothness and cleanliness of the surface The condition and size of the wheels The maneuverability of
31、the cart The distance being pushed or pulled The height and orientation of the handle being pushed relative to the employee Coupling with the floor (how slippery it is, friction with your shoe soles) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.40 2007 (R2013) 14 APPENDIX B INFORMATIONAL Appendices are included i
32、n most standards to provide the user with additional information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of the approved standard. EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS FOR REDUCTION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTION PROBLEM POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS Manual Handling Pre-job pla
33、nning to minimize handling, improved housekeeping to prevent trips, increased use of carts/dollies/hoists/mechanical handling, ladder hoists/gin poles/daisy chains/cranes for moving materials on/off roofs, chain falls, motorized buggies, carrying handles, extension handles for carrying large or awkw
34、ard materials (like drywall), break up loads such as ordering materials in smaller units or bundled in smaller bundles, shoulder pads for carrying on shoulders, musculoskeletal injury reduction training, pre-job stretching program, weight labeling of materials, getting help (two-person lifts). Weigh
35、t of Building Materials Light-weight concrete blocks, fiberglass ladders, cement in smaller packages (47 pounds), three-foot-wide drywall. Hand Tools Handles that are more comfortable, better grips, right size for the hand, allow a power grip for heavy work and pinch grip for fine work, allow a neut
36、ral wrist posture, reduce the amount of force needed, lighter weight tools when appropriate, power tools (cordless screw guns), tool sharpeners for cutting tools. Vibrating Tools Vibration absorbing padding on handles, anti-vibration gloves, vibration-dampened handles on pavement breakers. Whole-Bod
37、y Vibration Isolating the seating from the main structure of the equipment, floor matting, proper tire pressure, proper maintenance. Overhead Work Drywall lifts, scissors lifts, extension poles/stands for operating tools overhead, work platforms. Work at Ground Level Tables/stands to bring work to w
38、aist height, storage of materials at waist height, adjustable height scaffolding for bricklayers, pipe stands for steam-fitters/plumbers, D-handle/longer handles for shoveling, rebar tying devices, stand-up fastening systems for roofing work and use a stack of three or four empty pallets to raise gr
39、ound-level supplies to knee height. Awkward Postures Better visibility for equipment operators, better cab design, better work area set-up, better storage areas. Repetitive Work Power tools, micropauses/rest breaks, job rotation. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.40 2007 (R2013) 15 PROBLEM POTENTIAL SO
40、LUTIONS Kneeling Kneepads, pants with kneepad pockets, rest and stretch breaks, raise the work. Standing on Concrete, Rebar Shoe inserts, sit/stand stools, bucket seat (converts a five gallon bucket into a seat), floor mats, rest breaks. All Exposures Pre-conditioning, frequent rest breaks between t
41、ask cycles, stretching before workday and after prolonged breaks. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.40 2007 (R2013) 16 APPENDIX C INFORMATIONAL Appendices are included in most standards to provide the user with additional information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of th
42、e approved standard. MATERIALS HANDLING CHECKLIST Pre-Job Planning is Essential What materials will be used? Which materials are heavy or are large and awkward (3 feet wide)? Which materials can be moved mechanically? Are the right carts/dollies readily available and in good condition? Which have to
43、 be moved by hand? For manual handling, which require more than one worker? Do they have handles or are there carrying tools to make it easier? Materials Storage on Site Can they be ordered with proper planning to minimize storage? Where will they be stored? How will they be stored? Can we store the
44、m off the ground to make them easy to get? Who will make sure they are delivered to right place? Moving Materials on Site How will they be transported to final use destination? Are there clear and level pathways to do this? Can carts, wheelbarrows, dollies, etc. be used? Will materials handling equi
45、pment be used to move materials? How can we make sure they are moved once and not multiple times? Housekeeping Is housekeeping done on a regular basis? AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.40 2007 (R2013) 17 APPENDIX D INFORMATIONAL Appendices are included in most standards to provide the user with additi
46、onal information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of the approved standard. CONSTRUCTION MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEM REDUCTION CHECKLIST To be filled out jointly by contractors and employees (or their representatives) (that should participate in task evaluations) as part o
47、f the job preplanning and updated as necessary (new tasks are started, every two weeks or as a site changes). This checklist is intended to help develop an eye for musculoskeletal injury risk factors and prevent injuries. Date: _ Site: _ General Contractor: _ Subcontractor: _ Employee Rep: _ Signatu
48、re: _ Materials Handling What heavy materials or equipment are being handled on sitedrywall, rebar, concrete forms, anything over 20 pounds? Do workers have to lift more than 50 pounds at one time without help Y N Do workers have to lift more than 20 pounds often? Y N If yes, can this be changed? Are there handles to help carry materials? Y N If yes, are the handles easy to use and comfortable? Are workers told to get someones help to lift heavy materials? Y N Are carts, dollies or other aids readily available for moving materials? Y N If yes, are the ca
