1、AmericAn nAtionAl StAndArdANSI/ASSE Z9.11 2016Laboratory DecommissioningAmericAn Society of SAfety engineerS4Casselogo-1200dpi_vector-1c-outline.pdf 1 1/20/2012 1:31:55 PMANSI/ASSE Z9.11 2016ANSI/ASSE Z9.11 2016The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sour
2、ces believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited Z9 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situatio
3、ns. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the Z9 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE Z9.11 2016 American National Standard Laboratory Decommissioning Secretariat American Society o
4、f Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 Approved December 23, 2015 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have
5、 been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimit
6、y. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, f
7、rom manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall
8、have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This
9、American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all s
10、tandards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published February 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No par
11、t of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Z9.11-201
12、6.) Modern laboratory facilities may require periodic renovation or even demolition. Before this can be done safely, the facility must be properly decommissioned in order to prepare it for future occupancy. Both the past use and the prospective function of the space will determine the degree of deco
13、mmissioning. Therefore, a risk-based approach is necessary to control the parameters of the decontamination process whether the space will be used as another research laboratory or a non-laboratory space, such as a daycare center or office suite. The Z9.11 subcommittee was chartered to develop guide
14、lines on decommissioning a research laboratory whenever laboratory spaces are to be renovated or demolished, with a special emphasis on the risk assessment process. This is difficult because of the wide variety of materials, chemicals, equipment and processes that are used and conducted in laborator
15、ies. Thus, the focus of this standard is to provide a process for determining what actions are necessary to properly decommission a laboratory given its current and potential future use. The standard also provides a model to follow to accomplish the desired result. Where possible, specific guidance
16、is provided as an example. The following American National Standard is the product of this subcommittees efforts. Decommissioning a work site requires standardized processes, strategies and validation methods for rapid screening and characterization of hazardous debris and other regulated waste stre
17、ams and for compliance with hazardous waste regulations. Baselines for decommissioning must be established for the types of contamination that will be evaluated, the types of equipment that will be tested, safe levels of contamination and how far to look for contaminants. Strategies to minimize gene
18、ration of regulated wastes, to encourage onsite treatment and decontamination technologies and to maximize recycling/ recovery of materials from debris must also be considered. Other essential factors to consider are a cost-benefit analysis of decontamination and recycling versus disposal without de
19、contamination, and the life cycle design of laboratories and selection of construction materials to facilitate eventual deconstruction. How to Read This Standard The standard is presented in a two-column format. The left column presents the requirements of the standard; the right column provides cla
20、rification and explanation of the requirements plus “how to comply” information. This standard also contains Appendices, which are informative and are not considered a mandatory part of this standard. This standard is not meant to be all encompassing. Rather, it establishes minimum acceptable criter
21、ia for completing the decommissioning process and documenting the necessary information for regulatory and historical purposes. It is somewhat general in nature so that it can be applied to any research laboratory. We hope, however, that future versions will continue to expand and amplify these conc
22、epts as additional experience is gained. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the American Society of Safety Engineers, 520 N. Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Z9 Accredite
23、d Standards Committee on Health and Safety Standards for Ventilation Systems. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the Z9 Committee had the following members: Theodore Knutson, MS, P.E.
24、, Chair Geoffrey Raifsnider, P.E., Vice Chair Ovidiu Munteanu, Secretary Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, Assistant Secretary Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support Organization Represented Name of Representative American Foundry Society Robert Scholz American Industrial Hygiene
25、 Association Lou DiBerardinis, CIH, CSP, MIT American Society of Heating, Refrigeration Assists in determining levels of risk assessment that are needed for a research laboratory decommissioning; Provides a standard generic enough to develop a decommissioning plan for a research laboratory of any si
26、ze and provides references, tables and other resource information to assist the user in assessing the risk level of the project; Identifies tools that need to be developed to decommission a research laboratory; and Identifies roles and responsibilities for stakeholders. The criteria contained herein
27、 shall be supplemented, expanded or consolidated as required to adapt to the specific decom-missioning effort, the organization and the specific regulatory and policy requirements which may apply in each case. 2. SCOPE Hazardous materials identified or generated from the facility decommissioning pro
28、cess are subject to intense regulation and present significant potential liabilities. The need to improve characterization and management of these wastes is a primary driver for development of improved decommissioning strategies. Research laboratory facilities and their associated spaces pose unique
29、 decom-missioning concerns because of the nature of the use of workspace. The intent of this standard is to address a decommissioning AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.11-2016 10 approach specifically for research labora-tories that may then be applied to other types of facilities, if appropriate. The s
30、cope of this standard was narrowed to five elements: 1. Provides guidance for the decom-missioning of all or parts of laboratory facilities. 2. Provides guidance to determine extent of acceptable risk given the future use of the facility. 3. Provides methodologies to document, monitor and verify the
31、 decommissioning process. 4. Identifies stakeholders, their roles, responsibilities and relationships. 5. Provides criteria for development of a decommissioning plan for laboratories that addresses human health, safety and environmental protection and meets the goals of the overall decommissioning p
32、rocess. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Acceptance Criteria. The indicators established by the project stakeholders (standard-setting authorities, the owner, occupants, etc.) to determine when a space is adequately decontaminated and decom-missioned. 3.2 Assessment. The information and variables that shall be co
33、nsidered when creating a decommissioning plan. 3.3 Bulk Hazardous Materials. Hazardous liquid, gaseous or solid materials stored in equipment or building systems (fuels, lubri-cants, refrigerants, etc.), laboratory chemical stores, microbiological materials, radioactive sources, radionuclides and co
34、ntainerized chemical waste. These materials are not integral to equipment or materials and can be removed and contained. 3.4 Characterization. An iterative process that parallels actual decommissioning. Characterization includes the collection of all AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.11-2016 11 informat
35、ion necessary to describe, in adequate detail, the following: The hazards present at or in the facility. The condition of the facility structure as it may affect worker health and safety. The extent, nature and concentration of radiological, biological and hazardous chemical contamination. The insti
36、tutional, legal and technical restraints on decommissioning alter-natives. The characterization program discussed here is in support of decontaminating structures to protect workers and future site occupants, but this effort is also related to the consideration of surface water/ groundwater contamin
37、ants, beneath and around the structure, and their potential travel to off-site environs. 3.5 Construction Contamination. A facility (and equipment) that has been contam-inated by the disturbance and breakdown of building materials, either as a result of aging or demolition and construction. 3.6 Cont
38、aminant. A substance whose presence is potentially harmful, hazardous or creates a nuisance to human health or the environment. 3.7 Contaminated Facilities. Facilities that have structural components and/or systems contaminated with hazardous chemical, biological or radioactive substances, includ-in
39、g radionuclides. This definition excludes facilities that do not contain any residual hazardous substances other than those previously mentioned. This definition also excludes facilities in which bulk or contain-erized hazardous substances, including radionuclides, have been used or managed if no co
40、ntaminants remain in or on the structural components and/or systems. 3.8 Contamination. The state of being contaminated. Unwanted radioactive and/or hazardous material which is disbursed on or AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.11-2016 12 in equipment, structures, objects, soil or water. Contamination ma
41、y be either surface or volumetric (i.e., contamination incorpo-rated within a solid material). Surface contamination may be either removable or fixed. 3.9 Contamination Files. A generic term used in this document to encompass the various types and forms of contamination information for a facility. C
42、ontamination files may contain or reference operational records pertinent to process contamination, facility safety plans, environmental and safety audit documents, standard operating procedures, spill reports, notes, drawings, key plans and any other information that would locate and identify conta
43、mination in the facility. 3.10 Contamination Summary. A concise document outlining the current condition of a contaminated facility. 3.11 Deactivation. The process of placing a facility in a stable and known condition including the removal of hazardous and radioactive materials to ensure adequate pr
44、otection of the worker, public health and safety, and the environment thereby limiting the long-term cost of surveillance and maintenance. Actions include the removal of fuel, draining and/or de-energizing non-essential systems, removal of stored radioactive and hazardous material, and related actio
45、ns. Deactivation does not include all decontamination necessary for the dismantlement and demolition phase of decommissioning, e.g., removal of contamination remaining in the fixed structures and equipment after deactivation. Deactivation does not refer to hazardous materials that are rendered inact
46、ive by the addition of another material. 3.12 Decommissioning. A general term for a formal process to remove the laboratory or its components from an active status or service. Decommissioning takes place after deactivation or inactivation and includes validation and certification of decontam-AMERICA
47、N NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.11-2016 13 ination and/or dismantlement and considers any physical hazards such as modified structural components (e.g., electrical, plumbing and mechanical systems) that may pose a hazard for the next user. These actions are taken at the endpoint of any particular process or
48、action as determined by the risk assessment. The ultimate goal of decommissioning is unrestricted release or safe use of the facility. 3.13 Decommissioning Plan. A work plan for a specific facility, laboratory, portion thereof or equipment within that details the roles, responsibilities, materials a
49、nd sequence of events needed to achieve specific acceptance criteria resulting in an unrestricted release of the property, area or equipment. A decommissioning plan may include any or all of the following: site history, site contacts/personnel, risk assess-ments, sampling and analytical plans (SAP), field sampling plans (FSP), quality assur-ance project plans (QAPP), remediation plans, the site environmental health and safety plan (HASP), chemical inventories, planned equipment and material disposition, and contractor work orders. 3.14 Decommissioning R
