1、Specification for Bow-string Casing CentralizersANSI/API SPECIFICATION 10DSIXTH EDITION, MARCH 2002EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPTEMBER 1, 2002REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2015CONTAINS API MONOGRAM ANNEX AS PART OF U.S. NATIONAL ADOPTIONISO 10427-1:2001 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gas industriesCasing centralizers
2、Part 1: Bow-string casing centralizers American Petroleum Institute API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001iSPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particularcircumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is
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13、rior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher,API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2002 American Petroleum InstituteThese materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI and API.API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001 American Petro
14、leum InstituteiiAPI FOREWORDThis standard is under the jurisdiction of the API Standards Subcommittee on Well Cements. This APIstandard is identical with the English version of ISO 10427-1. ISO 10427-1 was prepared by TechnicalCommittee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for pet
15、roleum and natural gasindustries, SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements.For the purposes of this standard, the following editorial changes have been made: Add national informative Annex B API Monogram. General - throughout document -Replace this part of 10427 with this standard. Cla
16、use 1 Scope - Add the following second sentence: The requirements contained herein arelimited, but are deemed adequate for use in oil field cementing operations. Clause 2 and 5.4.1 Include normative reference API 5CT, Casing and Tubing. Clause 8.2 Add to the end of the second sentence , API SPEC 10D
17、, or both.This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily fromthe date of distribution.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Instituteto assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained i
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19、 publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Upstream Segment, API, 1220 LStreet, NW, Washington, DC 20005.American Petroleum Institute API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001iiiISO ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a world
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23、n to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights.ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO10427-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC67, Materials, equipment andoffshore structu
24、res for petroleum and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC3, Drilling and completion fluids,and well cements.This first edition of ISO10427-1 cancels and replaces, in part, the first edition of ISO10427 (ISO10427:1993),which has been technically revised.ISO10427 consists of the following parts, u
25、nder the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Casingcentralizers:Part 1: Bow-spring casing centralizersPart 2: Centralizer placement and stop-collar testingAnnexA of this standard is for information only.API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001 American Petroleum InstituteivIntroductionT
26、his standard is based on API Specification 10D, 5th edition, January 1995.Users of this standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for individualapplications. This standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting,alternati
27、ve equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly applicablewhere there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the vendor should identifyany variations from this standard and provide details.In this standard, where practi
28、cal, U.S. Customary units are included in brackets after SI units for information.American Petroleum Institute API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001vContents Page1 Scope12 Normative reference.13 Terms and definitions 14 Requirements 24.1 Functions of a centralizer24.2 Starting force.24.3 Restoring
29、force .24.4 Frequency of testing 35 Testing equipment35.1 Test stand 35.2 Instrumentation.55.3 Accuracy 55.4 Test pipe.56 Procedure for starting-force and running-force tests.56.1 Starting-force test.56.2 Running-force test67 Procedure for restoring-force test .68 Marking.7Annex A (informative) Misc
30、ellaneous information.8Annex B (informative) API Monogram .10Bibliography12API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001 American Petroleum InstituteviAmerican Petroleum Institute1Petroleum and natural gas industries Casing centralizersPart1:Bow-spring casing centralizers1 ScopeThis standard provides minim
31、um performance requirements, test procedures and marking requirements for bow-spring casing centralizers for the petroleum and natural gas industries. The requirements contained herein arelimited, but are deemed adequate for use in oil field cementing. The procedures provide verification testing for
32、 themanufacturers design, materials and process specifications, and periodic testing to confirm the consistency ofproduct performance.This standard is not applicable to rigid or positive centralizers.2 Normative referenceThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference i
33、n this text, constitute provisions ofthis standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do notapply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility ofapplying the most recent editions of the n
34、ormative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latestedition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently validInternational Standards.API Spec 5CT, Casing and TubingISO11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries Steel pipes f
35、or use as casing or tubing for wells3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1flexedcondition of a bow spring when a force three times the specified minimum restoring force ( 5%) has been applied toit3.2holding devicedevice employed to fix
36、 the stop collar or centralizer to the casingEXAMPLES Set screws, nails, mechanical dogs and epoxy resins.3.3holding forcemaximum force required to initiate slippage of a stop collar on the casing3.4hole sizediameter of the wellboreAPI Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:2001 American Petroleum Institute2
37、3.5restoring forceforce exerted by a centralizer against the casing to keep it away from the wellbore wallNOTE Restoring force values can vary based on installation methods.3.6rigid centralizercentralizer manufactured with bows that do not flex3.7running forcemaximum force required to move a central
38、izer through a specified wellbore diameterNOTE Running-force values can vary depending on the installation methods.3.8standoffsmallest distance between the outside diameter of the casing and the wellbore3.9standoff ratioratio of standoff to annular clearanceNOTE It is expressed as a percentage.3.10s
39、tarting forcemaximum force required to insert a centralizer into a specified wellbore diameterNOTE Starting-force values can vary depending on the installation methods.3.11stop collardevice attached to the casing to prevent movement of a casing centralizerNOTE A stop collar can be either an independ
40、ent piece of equipment or integral with the centralizer.4 Requirements4.1 Functions of a centralizerThe purpose of a casing centralizer is to facilitate running casing to the desired depth and to assist in centering thecasing in the wellbore. One of the main objectives of centralizing a casing strin
41、g is to facilitate a good cementing,thereby isolating fluids from different zones. A bow-spring centralizer can be constructed in various ways, usingvarious types, shapes and quantities of bow spring.4.2 Starting forceThe maximum starting force shall be less than the weight of 12,19m (40ft) of casin
42、g of medium linear mass asdefined in Table1. The maximum starting force shall be determined for a centralizer in new, fully assembledcondition.4.3 Restoring forceThe minimum restoring force for a 67% standoff ratio shall not be less than the values shown in Table1. See A.2 forthe derivation of the r
43、equirements.American Petroleum Institute API Specification 10D/ISO 10427-1:20013Table1 Specifications Casing centralizersCasing diameter Medium linear masscasingMinimum restoring forceat 67% standoff ratioMaximum starting forcemm (in) kg/m (lb/ft) N (lbf) N (lbf)89102114(3 1/2) a(4) a(4 1/2)14,716,9
44、17,3(9,91) a(11,34) a(11,6)176120192064(396)(454)(464)176120192064(396)(454)(464)127140168(5)(5 1/2)(6 5/8)19,323,135,7(13,0)(15,5)(24,0)231327584270(520)(620)(960)231327584270(520)(620)(960)178194219(7)(7 5/8)(8 5/8)38,739,353,6(26,0)(26,4)(36,0)462646976405(1040)(1056)(1440)462646976405(1040)(1056
45、)(1440)244273298(9 5/8)(10 3/4)(11 3/4)59,575,980,4(40,0)(51,0)(54,0)711745374804(1600)(1020)(1080)711790749608(1600)(2040)(2160)340406473508(13 3/8)(16)(18 5/8)(20)90,896,7130,2139,9(61,0)(65,0)(87,5)(94,0)5427578377848363(1220)(1300)(1750)(1880)10854115651556916725(2440)(2600)(3500)(3760)NOTE The
46、specifications for starting and restoring forces for bow-type centralizers are based on the centralizer being installed as permanufacturer recommendations and tested with lugs on the casing. If the centralizer is tested over a casing collar, stop collar, or with anintegral stop collar, the actual re
47、sults obtained from that test can vary from the specifications. It should be noted on the test report how thecentralizer was installed and the type of holding device used during the test. If a centralizer is tested in this manner, the test can no longer beconsidered a specification test and the resu
48、lts may or may not meet the specifications set forth in Table1.aLiner sizes and plain-end weight.4.4 Frequency of testing4.4.1 Tests for design and process verification shall be performed for a minimum of six prototype centralizers. Allof the tested centralizers shall conform to the performance requ
49、irements of Table1.4.4.2 For confirmation of the consistency of product performance, testing shall be performed at least annually foreach size of centralizer manufactured to this standard in quantities greater than 500 per year. Corrective action shallbe implemented and documented for the centralizer size in question if the tested centralizer does not conform to theperformance requirements of Table1.5 Testing equipment5.1 Test standThe test stand allows application of vertical
