1、Specification for Drilling Fluids MaterialsANSI/API SPECIFICATION 13AEIGHTEENTH EDITION, FEBRUARY 2010EFFECTIVE DATE: AUGUST 1, 2010ERRATA 1, AUGUST 2014ERRATA 2, MAY 2015ERRATA 3, JULY 2015ERRATA 4, OCTOBER 2016REAFFIRMED, JULY 2015CONTAINS API MONOGRAM ANNEX AS PART OF U.S. NATIONAL ADOPTIONISO 13
2、500:2009 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gas industriesDrilling FluidsSpecifications and testingSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API no
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6、uracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authoriti
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14、or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a mini
15、mum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notific
16、ation andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Direc
17、tor of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdra
18、wn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW,
19、 Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContents PageAPI Foreword .iii Foreword . .xi Introduction .xii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols
20、 and abbreviations . 1 3.1 Terms and definitions . 1 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 2 4 Requirements . 4 4.1 Quality control instructions 4 4.2 Use of test calibration materials in checking testing procedures 4 4.3 Records retention 4 5 Calibration 5 5.1 Coverage 5 5.2 Equipment requiring calibration
21、 5 5.2.1 Volumetric glassware 5 5.2.2 Laboratory thermometers . 5 5.2.3 Laboratory balances . 6 5.2.4 Sieves . 6 5.2.5 Hydrometer . 6 5.2.6 Motor-driven, direct-indicating viscometer 7 5.2.7 Laboratory pressure-measuring device 8 5.2.8 Mixer . 9 5.2.9 Chemicals and solutions 9 5.2.10 Deionized (or d
22、istilled) water 10 5.2.11 API test calibration materials . 10 5.3 Calibration intervals 10 5.3.1 General . 10 5.3.2 Thermometers 10 5.3.3 Laboratory balances . 10 5.3.4 Sieves . 10 5.3.5 Hydrometer . 10 5.3.6 Motor-driven, direct-indicating viscometers 10 5.3.7 Mixer . 10 5.3.8 Deionized (or distill
23、ed) water 11 5.3.9 Laboratory pressure-measuring devices 11 5.3.10 API test calibration materials . 11 6 Packaged material . 11 6.1 Description . 11 6.2 Apparatus Pallets 11 6.3 Apparatus Bags 12 6.4 Marking Pallets 12 6.5 Marking Bags 12 6.6 Pallet covers. 12 6.7 Package mass 13 v6.8 Storage . 13 6
24、.9 Recycling . 13 6.9.1 General . 13 6.9.2 Pallets 13 6.9.3 Cover 13 6.9.4 Bags . 13 7 Barite 13 7.1 Principle . 13 7.2 Reagents and apparatus Density by Le Chatelier flask . 14 7.3 Procedure Density by Le Chatelier flask . 14 7.4 Calculation Density by Le Chatelier flask 15 7.5 Reagents and apparat
25、us Water-soluble alkaline earths as calcium . 15 7.6 Procedure Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium 16 7.7 Calculation Water-soluble alkaline earths as calcium . 17 7.8 Reagents and materials Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 17 7.9 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 18
26、7.10 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 18 7.11 Reagents and apparatus Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by sedimentation method 18 7.12 Procedure Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by sedimentation method . 19 7.13 Calculation Particles
27、less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by sedimentation method . 19 8 Haematite (hematite) 23 8.1 Principle . 23 8.2 Reagent and apparatus Density by Le Chatelier flask . 24 8.3 Procedure Density by Le Chatelier flask . 24 8.4 Calculation Density by Le Chatelier flask 25 8.5 Reagents and app
28、aratus Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium 25 8.6 Procedure Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium 26 8.7 Calculation Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium . 27 8.8 Reagents and apparatus Residues greater than 75 m and less than 45 m 27 8.9 Procedure Residues of diameter
29、greater than 75 m and 45 m 28 8.10 Calculation Residues of diameter greater than 75 m and 45 m 28 8.11 Reagents and apparatus Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by the sedimentation method 28 8.12 Procedure Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by the sedimen
30、tation method . 29 8.13 Calculation Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by the sedimentation method . 30 9 Bentonite . 31 9.1 Principle . 31 9.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties . 33 9.3 Procedure Rheology of suspension. 33 9.4 Calculation Rheology of suspension . 34
31、 9.5 Procedure Filtrate volume of suspension . 34 9.6 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension . 34 9.7 Reagents and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 34 9.8 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 35 9.9 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 35 10 Non-tr
32、eated bentonite . 36 10.1 Principle . 36 10.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties . 36 10.3 Procedure Rheology of the suspension 37 10.4 Calculation Rheology of the suspension 37 vi10.5 Procedure Dispersed plastic viscosity of the suspension . 37 10.6 Procedure Dispersed filtrate volume of
33、the suspension 38 10.7 Calculation Dispersed filtrate volume of the suspension 38 11 OCMA grade bentonite 38 11.1 Principle 38 11.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties 39 11.3 Procedure Rheology of the suspension . 39 11.4 Calculation Rheology of the suspension . 40 11.5 Procedure Filtrate
34、volume of the suspension 40 11.6 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension 40 11.7 Reagents and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 41 11.8 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 41 11.9 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 42 12 Attapulgite 42 12.1 Principl
35、e 42 12.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties 42 12.3 Procedure 600 r/min dial reading of the suspension 43 12.4 Reagent and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 43 12.5 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 44 12.6 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m
36、44 12.7 Reagent and apparatus Moisture 44 12.8 Procedure Moisture 45 12.9 Calculation Moisture . 45 13 Sepiolite 45 13.1 Principle 45 13.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties 45 13.3 Procedure 600 r/min dial reading of suspension 46 13.4 Reagents and apparatus Residue of diameter greater th
37、an 75 m . 46 13.5 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 47 13.6 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 47 13.7 Reagents and apparatus Moisture 47 13.8 Procedure Moisture 48 13.9 Calculation Moisture . 48 14 Technical-grade low-viscosity CMC (CMC-LVT) 48 14.1 Principle 48 14.2
38、Reagents and apparatus Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 49 14.3 Procedure Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 49 14.4 Interpretation Determination of starch and starch derivatives 50 14.5 Reagents and apparatus Solution properties of water-soluble polymers 50 14.6 Proced
39、ure Viscometer reading in deionized water . 51 14.7 Procedure Filtrate volume of suspension 51 14.8 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension 52 15 Technical-grade high-viscosity CMC (CMC-HVT) 52 15.1 Principle 52 15.2 Reagents and apparatus Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 53 15
40、.3 Procedure Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 54 15.4 Interpretation Determination of starch and starch derivatives 54 15.5 Reagents and apparatus Solution properties of water-soluble polymers 55 15.6 Procedure Viscometer reading in deionized water . 55 15.7 Procedure Viscometer read
41、ing in 40 g/l salt water . 56 15.8 Procedure Viscometer reading in saturated salt water 56 15.9 Procedure Filtrate volume of the suspension 57 15.10 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension 58 vii16 Starch . 58 16.1 Principle . 58 16.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties . 58 16.3 Proc
42、edure Viscometer reading in 40 g/l salt water . 59 16.4 Procedure Filtrate volume of 40 g/l salt solution 60 16.5 Calculation Filtrate volume of the 40 g/l salt solution 60 16.6 Procedure Viscometer reading in the saturated salt solution . 60 16.7 Procedure Filtrate volume of the saturated salt solu
43、tion 61 16.8 Calculation Filtrate volume of the saturated salt solution . 61 16.9 Reagents and apparatus Residue greater than 2 000 m 61 16.10 Procedure Residue greater than 2 000 m 62 17 Low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV) 62 17.1 Principle . 62 17.2 Qualitative starch determination in wat
44、er-soluble polymers . 63 17.2.1 Description 63 17.2.2 Reagents and materials . 63 17.2.3 Apparatus 63 17.2.4 Procedure Preparation of the iodine/iodide solution . 64 17.2.5 Procedure Preparation of the PAC-LV solution and starch determination 64 17.2.6 Results Starch test for PAC-LV 64 17.3 Moisture
45、 content . 65 17.3.1 Apparatus 65 17.3.2 Procedure 65 17.3.3 Calculation . 65 17.4 Filtrate volume 65 17.4.1 Reagents and materials . 65 17.4.2 Apparatus 66 17.4.3 Procedure Filtrate volume of the PAC-LV . 66 17.4.4 Calculation Filtrate volume of PAC-LV 67 17.5 Fluid apparent viscosity . 67 17.5.1 P
46、rocedure Fluid apparent viscosity . 67 17.5.2 Calculation Fluid apparent viscosity 68 18 High-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) 68 18.1 Principle . 68 18.2 Qualitative starch determination in water soluble polymers . 69 18.2.1 Principle . 69 18.2.2 Reagents and materials . 69 18.2.3 Apparatus
47、 69 18.2.4 Procedure Preparation of the iodine/iodide solution . 70 18.2.5 Procedure Preparation of the PAC-HV solution and starch determination . 70 18.2.6 Results Starch test for PAC-HV 70 18.3 Moisture content . 71 18.3.1 Apparatus 71 18.3.2 Procedure 71 18.3.3 Calculation . 71 18.4 Filtrate volu
48、me 71 18.4.1 Reagents and materials . 71 18.4.2 Apparatus 72 18.4.3 Procedure Filtrate volume of the PAC-HV . 72 18.4.4 Calculation Filtrate volume of the PAC-HV . 73 18.5 Fluid apparent viscosity . 73 18.5.1 Procedure Fluid apparent viscosity . 73 18.5.2 Calculation Fluid apparent viscosity 74 19 D
49、rilling-grade xanthan gum . 74 19.1 Principle . 74 viii19.2 Qualitative starch determination in xanthan gum 74 19.2.1 Principle 74 19.2.2 Reagents . 74 19.2.3 Apparatus . 75 19.2.4 Procedure Preparation of the iodine/iodide solution for qualitative starch determination 76 19.2.5 Procedure Preparation of xanthan gum solution for qualitative starch d
