1、 4100 N. FAIRFAX DR., SUITE 200 ! ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22203 ANSI/ARI Standard 560 2000 STANDARD for ABSORPTION WATER CHILLING AND WATER HEATING PACKAGES Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted
2、without license from IHS-,-,-Price $20.00 (M) $30.00 (NM) 8Copyright 2000, by Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER ARI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety
3、 of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and codes
4、requirements appropriate for products covers by this standard/guideline. ARI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. ARI does not certify or guarantee that any test conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardou
5、s or free from risk Note: This standard supersedes ARI Standard 560-92. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose .1
6、 Section 2. Scope 1 Section 3. Definitions 1 Section 4. Test Requirements2 Section 5. Rating Requirements 2 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings.6 Section 7. Marking and Nameplate Data.7 Section 8. Conformance Conditions7 TABLES Table 1. Standard Rating Conditions8 Table 2. Par
7、t-Load Rating Conditions (All Chiller Types) 9 FIGURES Figure 1. Allowable Tolerance Curves for Full and Part-Load .10 Figure 2. IPLV and NPLV Tolerance Curve 10 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative11 Appendix B. References - Informative 11 Appendix C. Method of Testing Absorption Water Chi
8、lling and Water Heating Packages - Normative12 Appendix D. Derivation of Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV) - Normative .17 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-T
9、ABLES FOR APPENDICES Table D1. Group 1 Water Cooled IPLV Data and Calculation .20 Table D2. Group 1 - 4 IPLV Summary21 FIGURES FOR APPENDICES Figure D1. Ton-Hours Distribution Categories 18 Figure D2. Bin Groupings - Ton-Hours18 Figure D3. Group 1 Ton-Hours Distribution Categories19 Figure D4. Group
10、 2 Ton-Hours Distribution Categories19 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/ARI STANDARD 560-2000 1 ABSORPTION WATER CHILLING AND WATER HEATING PACKAGES Sec
11、tion 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish for Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating Packages: definitions; test requirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; marking and nameplate data; and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Inte
12、nt. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors, and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to water-cool
13、ed single-effect steam and hot water operated water chilling units, water-cooled double-effect steam and hot water operated water chilling units, and double-effect Direct-Fired (natural gas, oil, LP gas) water chilling/heating units. Water is the refrigerant and LiBr (lithium bromide) the absorbent.
14、 See definitions in Section 3. 2.2 Exclusions. This standard does not apply to air-cooled applications, heat pump applications, exhaust gas fired applications, and non-standard units. Section 3. Definitions Definitions. All terms in this document shall follow the standard industry definitions in the
15、 current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating Package. A factory designed and prefabricated assembly employing water as the refrigerant and consisting of an
16、evaporator, absorber, condenser, generator(s) and solution heat exchangers, with interconnections and accessories used for chilling or heating water. The package utilizes single or multiple reconcentrations of an absorbent solution. The reconcentrations of the absorbent are known as effects. A singl
17、e effect package employs one step reconcentration of the absorbent in the generator. Water vapor is released after the heat energy is introduced into the generator. The concentrated absorbent is returned to the absorber where it can absorb water vapor flashed off in the evaporator. A double effect p
18、ackage employs a two step reconcentration of the absorbent through the use of an additional high temperature generator. An absorption package can be further defined by the following: 3.1.1 Direct Fired Package. This type of package reconcentrates the absorbent from heat energy through the combustion
19、 of natural gas, LP gas or oil. 3.1.2 Indirect Fired Package. This type of package reconcentrates the absorbent from heat energy from steam or hot water. 3.2 Coefficient of Performance (COP). A ratio of Cooling/Heating Capacity in watts W to the power input values in watts W at any given set of rati
20、ng conditions expressed in watts/watt W/W. For heating COP, supplementary resistance heat shall be excluded. 3.3 Cooling Only Mode. Operational mode of a Direct-Fired chiller/heater which supplies (only) chilled water. 3.4 Energy Input. The heat content of the fuel, steam or hot water excluding the
21、electrical input. 3.4.1 Direct Fired. Energy Input is the gross heating content of the fuel based on the Higher Heating Value in MBH kW. 3.4.2 Indirect Fired. Energy Input is the heat content of the steam or hot water in MBH kW. 3.5 Fouling Factor. The thermal resistance due to fouling accumulated o
22、n the heat transfer surface. 3.5.1 Field Fouling Allowance. Provision for anticipated fouling during use, hft2EF/Btu m2EC/W. 3.6 Heating Only Mode. Operational mode of a Direct-Fired chiller/heater which supplies only hot water. 3.7 Higher Heating Value (HHV). The amount of heat produced per unit of
23、 fuel when complete combustion takes place at constant pressure, the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of the fuel and air, and the vapor formed during combustion is condensed, Btu/lb or Btu/ft3W/m3 for gaseous fuel, or Btu/lb J/kg or Btu/gal for liquid fuel. 3.8 High Pres
24、sure Steam. Steam pressures above 15.0 psig 103 kPa, but below 150 psig 1030 kPa. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/ARI STANDARD 560-2000 2 3.9 Hot Water
25、 Heating Option. Hot water can be provided from an absorption chiller/heater through either of two circuits: 3.9.1 Through the evaporator circuit (2-pipe system); typically applied at temperatures up to 140EF 60.0EC (standard temperature hot water). 3.9.2 Through a separate hot water heat exchanger
26、(4-pipe system); typically applied at temperatures above 140EF 60.0EC up to and including 175EF 79.4EC and/or for simultaneous heating/cooling operation (high temperature hot water). 3.10 Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV). A single number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated per the metho
27、ds described in 5.3 referenced to Standard Rating Conditions. 3.11 Low Pressure Steam. Steam pressures 15.0 psig 103 kPa and below. 3.12 Net Cooling/Heating Capacity. The net cooling/ heating capacity is considered as the usable capacity to the users system. 3.13 Non-Standard Part-Load Value (NPLV).
28、 A single number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated per the method described in 5.3 referenced to conditions other than IPLV Conditions (for units that are not designed to operate at ARI Standard Rating Conditions). 3.14 Published Ratings. A statement of the assigned values of those per
29、formance characteristics, under stated Rating Conditions, by which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. As used herein, the term Published Rating includes the rating of all perfo
30、rmance characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising or other literature controlled by the manufacturer, at stated Rating Conditions. 3.14.1 Application Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Application Rating conditions (other than Standard Rating Conditions).
31、 3.14.2 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions. 3.15 “Shall“ or “Should“. “Shall“ or “should“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.15.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the st
32、andard is claimed. 3.15.2 Should. “Should“ is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice. 3.16 Simultaneous Heating/Cooling Mode. Operational mode of a Direct-Fired absorption chiller/heater whereby chilled water and hot (heating) water are produced
33、at the same time. Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 Test Requirements. All tests for chiller or chiller/heater ratings shall be conducted in accordance with the test method specified in Appendix C. Section 5. Rating Requirements 5.1 Standard Rating Conditions. Published Ratings for all Absorption Wat
34、er Chilling Packages shall include the Standard Rating, corresponding to the applicable Standard Rating Conditions shown in Table 1, and identified as the Standard Rating. Standard Ratings shall include a water-side fouling factor allowance for the absorber/condenser of 0.00025 hft2EF/Btu 0.000044 m
35、2EC/W and for the evaporator of 0.0001 hft2EF/Btu 0.000018 m2AEC/W. 5.2 Application Rating Conditions. Application Ratings (at other than Standard Rating Conditions) include ratings at the following range of conditions or within the operating limits of the equipment: Leaving chilled water temperatur
36、e.40 to 48EF 4.4 to 8.9EC in increments of 2EF 1EC or less. Entering absorber/condenser water temperature.70.0 to 90EF 26.7 to 32.2EC in increments of 5EF 3EC or less. Absorber/condenser water flow rate limit.2.8 to 6.0 gpm/ton 0.05 to 0.11 L/s per kW. Evaporator chilled water flow rate limit1.6 to
37、3.0 gpm/ton 0.03 to 0.05 L/s per kW. Heating water flow rate (double effect heating cycle)manufacturers standard gpm/ton L/s per kW. Steam pressure (at steam valve or inlet header of a single stage unit).0 to 15.0 psig 0 to 103 kPa gauge in increments of 2.0 psi 14 kPa or less - manufacturer to spec
38、ify. Steam pressure (at steam valve or inlet header of a two-stage unit0 to 125 psig 0 to 861 kPa in Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/ARI STANDARD 560-2
39、000 3 increments of 15.0 psi 103 kPa or less - manufacturer to specify. Hot water (to generator) temperature180EF to 400EF 82EC to 204EC. 5.3 Part-Load Ratings. The intent of part-load ratings is to permit the development of part-load performance over a range of operating conditions. 5.3.1 Part-Load
40、 rating points shall be presented in one or more of the following three ways: 5.3.1.1 Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV). Based on the conditions defined in Table 2. 5.3.1.2 Non-Standard Part-Load Value (NPLV). Based on the conditions defined in Table 2. 5.3.1.3 Separate Part-Load Data Point(s) Suita
41、ble for Calculating IPLV or NPLV. In addition, other part-load points may also be presented. 5.3.2 Determination of Part-Load Performance. For water chilling packages covered by this standard, Part-Load Values (IPLV or NPLV) shall be calculated as follows: 5.3.2.1 Determine the part-load energy effi
42、ciency at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% load points at the conditions specified in Table 2. 5.3.2.2 Use the following equation to calculate the IPLV or NPLV: For COP: where: A = COP at 100% B = COP at 75% C = COP at 50% D = COP at 25% For MBH/ton: (1b) D0.12+C0.45+B0.42+A0.011NPLVorIPLV =where: A = MBH/to
43、n at 100% B = MBH/ton at 75% C = MBH/ton at 50% D = MBH/ton at 25% 5.3.2.3 For a derivation of equations (1a), (1b) and example of an IPLV or NPLV calculation, see Appendix D. The weighting factors have been based on the weighted average of the most common building types and operations using average
44、 weather in 29 U.S. cities, with and without airside economizers. 5.3.2.4 The IPLV or NPLV rating requires that the unit efficiency be determined at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% at the conditions as specified in Table 2. If the unit, due to its capacity control logic, can not be operated at 25% capacity,
45、then the unit can be operated at its minimum capacity and the 25% chiller capacity point shall then be determined by using the following equation: (2) InputNet COutputNet= COPDwhere CDis a degradation factor to account for cycling of the chiller for capacities less than the minimum capacity. CDshall
46、 be calculated using the following equation: The factor LF shall be calculated using the following equation: Capacity) Unit (MinimumCapacity) Unit Load (Full 100Load %= LFwhere: % Load is the standard rating point i.e. 75%, 50% and 25% Minimum Unit Capacity is the measured or calculated unit capacit
47、y from which standard rating points are determined using the method above. (1a) 0.12D+0.45C+0.42B+0.01A NPLVorIPLV =1.13 + LF) (-0.13 = C DCopyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
48、e from IHS-,-,-ANSI/ARI STANDARD 560-2000 4 5.3.2.5 Sample Calculation. The following is an example of an IPLV calculation: Using the above data, the part-load COP value can be calculated. Because the unit cannot unload to 25% capacity, the following additional calculations are required to determine
49、 point AD. Using the minimum capacity data point listed above that was determined at the minimum step of capacity at the conditions of a 25% capacity: 0.71 = 35.0(1.00) x (0.25)= LFCD= (-0.13 x 0.71) + 1.13 = 1.04 1.10 = 1000 x 368 x 1.04htonBtu12000 x tons35.0= COP/Using the A, B, C and D efficiencies, the IPLV can then be calculated as
