1、 ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 3 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 3: Short-term Measurements with an Observer Present Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn R
2、oad, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 3The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society
3、of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 3 (Revision of ANSI S12.9-1993/Part 3) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Descri
4、ption and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 3: Short-term Measurements with an Observer Present Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved on January 15, 2013 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard is the third in a series of parts concerning descriptio
5、n and measurement of outdoor environmental sound. The standard describes recommended procedures for measurement of short-term, time-average environmental sound outdoors at one or more locations in a community for environmental assessment or planning for compatible land uses and for other purposes su
6、ch as demonstrating compliance with a regulation. These measurements are distinguished by the requirement to have an observer present. Sound may be produced by one or more separate, distributed sources of sound such as a highway, factory, or airport. Methods are given to correct the measured levels
7、for the influence of background sound. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON NOISE The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise
8、. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approv
9、al by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited S
10、tandards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standard
11、s Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of t
12、hose substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but no
13、t necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has appro
14、ved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that
15、action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2013 by Acoustical Society of America. This s
16、tandard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secr
17、etariat of the Acoustical Society of America. i Contents 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Instrumentation 4 4.1 Sound measuring instrument 4 4.2 Acoustical calibrator 4 4.3 Spectrum analyzer 4 4.4 Recording equipment . 4 4.5 Windscreen . 4 4.6 Meteorological equip
18、ment 5 5 General data collection concepts . 5 5.1 Introduction . 5 5.2 Background sound 5 5.3 General data collection methods for measurement of the LEQ of a source corrected for the continuous LEQ of the background and for transient background sound 6 6 Source(s) data collection . 6 6.1 Site select
19、ion 6 6.2 Instrument setup . 7 6.3 Measurement site operation and checking instrument sensitivity 7 6.4 Initial data collection . 8 6.5 Simplified procedure 1 for the accelerated measurement of equivalent-continuous sound pressure level 8 6.6 Simplified procedure 2 for the accelerated measurement of
20、 equivalent-continuous sound pressure level 10 6.7 Basic procedure for measurement of equivalent-continuous sound pressure level . 11 6.8 Minimum data collection requirements for basic measurement data collection . 13 6.9 Correction for continuous background sound . 14 7 Determining the background s
21、ound . 15 7.1 Introduction . 15 7.2 Background sound measurement method . 15 7.3 Background sound measurement alternatives for sources that can be turned off . 15 7.4 Background sound measurement alternatives for sources that cannot be turned off 17 8 Data to be reported 18 8.1 Source data 18 8.2 Ba
22、ckground sound 19 8.3 General site and procedural information 20 Annex A (informative) Source and receiver sound 21 Annex B (informative) Determination of the presence of prominent discrete tones 22 B.1 Test for the presence of a prominent discrete tone 22 B.2 Determination of the presence of a prom
23、inent discrete tone . 22 ii Annex C (informative) Table look-up method to determine the continuous background sound level . 24 Bibliography 30 Figures Figure 1 - Lengths and distances related to large, distributed sources 19 Tables Table 1 Corrections to measured equivalent-continuous sound pressure
24、 levels for contributions of continuous background sound . 15 Table C.1 A-weighted day, night, and day-night average sound levels in decibels and corresponding approximate population densities as indicated 25 Table C.2 Offsets to be added to A-weighted background sound pressure levels to calculate o
25、ctave band and one-third octave band background sound pressure levelsa. 26 Table C.3 Daytime equivalent-continuous background sound pressure levels by land use categories and octave band sound pressure level or for standard A- and C-frequency weightings a27 Table C.4 Nighttime equivalent-continuous
26、background sound pressure levels by land use categories and octave band sound pressure level or for standard A- and C-frequency weightings a27 Table C.5 Daytime equivalent-continuous background sound pressure levels by land use categories and one-third octave band sound pressure levels a. 28 Table C
27、.6 Nighttime equivalent-continuous background one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels by land use categories . 29 iii FOREWORD This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 3 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures
28、 for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 3: Short-term Measurements with an Observer Present. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance t
29、o the standard. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American Nationa
30、l Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical ac
31、oustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is a technical revision of ANSI/ASA S12.9-1993/Part 3. The applications of this Standard have been clarified, the microphone position and correction for nearby reflecting surfaces has been expanded, and the equation for day-ni
32、ght sound level as a function of population density in the United States has been corrected. The prediction in the previous edition was 3 dB too high, and all associated tables have been adjusted down by 3 dB. This standard is the third in a series of six parts concerning description and measurement
33、 of outdoor environmental sound. This Part describes recommended procedures for measurement of short-term, average environmental sound pressure levels outdoors in a community with an observer present. Part 1 deals largely with definitions for standard quantities. Part 2 addresses measurement of long
34、-term, wide-area sound. Part 4 deals with noise assessment and noise assessment metrics. Part 5 deals with noise-zone compatible land use planning. Part 6 deals with the probability of awakening by a set of discrete noise events; typically, the set encompasses the whole nights (e.g., all the nightti
35、me operations at a busy commercial airport). The subject matter in ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 3 is not considered in corresponding ISO documents. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, for approval, the membership was as follows: W.J. Murphy, Chair R.D. H
36、ellweg, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary 3M Occupational Health FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. vii INTRODUCTION This standard is the third part of a series related to quantities and procedures for description and measurement of environmental sound. Part 1 lists definitions for basic qu
37、antities that can be used separately or in combination to describe community sound and basic procedures for measurement of these quantities. Part 2 provides procedures for measurement of long-term, wide-area time-average descriptors such as day-night sound exposure and yearly day-night average sound
38、 level; Part 2 also establishes spatial and temporal sampling requirements so as to measure these time-average sound levels with a specified degree of precision and confidence. Long-term wide-area measurements take days or weeks or months to accomplish with the desired degree of accuracy and confide
39、nce. Normally, long-term sound level measurements are not made by an operator at a measurement site; they are measured by unattended instruments. This standard, Part 3, deals with basic measurements of sound with an observer present. Typically, the duration of these measurements ranges from several
40、minutes to several hours. The purpose of this part is to provide the method(s) to measure the sound of a specific source at a specified location, such as the noise from a specific power plant in some specified persons backyard. The method is to measure the total sound and then to subtract the backgr
41、ound, which is all sound at the location in question except for the sound from the specific source in question. NOTE As an example, one hour (1 h) is used as the basic measurement duration in Part 3. One hour is not a measurement duration required by this standard; it is only an example of a basic m
42、easurement duration, though a common one. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 3 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 1 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 3: Short-term Measurements with an
43、 Observer Present 1 Scope The scope of this standard includes the measurement, with an observer present, of quantities such as equivalent-continuous sound pressure level or sound exposure from a specific source or sources at a specified location. These measurements require several minutes to several
44、 hours to perform; they take less than one day to perform. Measurements may be obtained with a standard frequency weighting, may be frequency filtered in a defined manner, or may be frequency filtered by octave band or fractional octave band filters. This standard specifies procedures to effectively
45、 eliminate, to the extent possible, the contributions of extraneous background sound from the source-specific measurements. Measurement procedures in this standard require the presence of an instrument operator and are not applicable to measurements by unattended instruments. This standard does not
46、define specific measures or limits for environmental sounds or recommend measurement locations or durations. The purposes of this standard are to (a) specify procedures for measurement of environmental sound from a specific source or sources at a specified location, and (b) to specify procedures to
47、effectively eliminate the contributions of extraneous background sounds from the source-specific measurements. Sound pressure levels are measured with an observer present to record the data described in this part. This standard is applicable to the measurement of quantities such as equivalent-contin
48、uous sound pressure level or sound exposure level from a specific source or sources with an observer present. Major applications of this Standard include: 1. Assessment of environmental sound 2. Measurement of source emissions as equivalent-continuous sound pressure level (LEQ), or as sound exposure
49、 level (SEL) 3. Measurement of received sound as LEQ 4. Correction of LEQ measurements for the background sound NOTE Source emissions typically are measured only when the direct measurement of the received sound is not practical or when the source is not yet in operation. In either case, the received sound must be predicted using the measured source emissions. Annex A contains an informative discussion regarding source emissions and received sound, and clause 7.4 discusses, in general terms, moving closer to the source when the source cannot be turned off, and,
