1、AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDGUIDELINES FORTHE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATIONOF VIBRATION OF SHIP PROPULSIONMACHINERYAccredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and ShockStandards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114EMelville, NY 11747-3177ANSI S2.27-2002ANSIS2.27
2、-2002Reaffirmed by ANSI July 12, 2007 Reaffirmed by ANSI June 24, 2014 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the na-tional coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clear-inghouse in the U.S. for information on national and internationalstandards.The Acoustical Socie
3、ty of America (ASA) is an organization of sci-entists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse theknowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications.AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDGuidelines forthe Measurement and Evaluationof Vibration of Ship PropulsionMachinerySecretariatAcou
4、stical Society of AmericaApproved 20 September 2002American National Standards Institute, Inc.AbstractThis standard contains guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of vibration of ship propulsionsystems including limits for acceptability. It is applicable to all ocean-going ships and inland v
5、essels. Testconditions, instrumentation, data analysis and evaluation, and reporting requirements are described.ANSI S2.27-2002AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICSThe Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for AccreditedStandards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical
6、 Vibration and Shock,S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide represen-tation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associa-tions, general-interest and government representatives). The standards are pub-lished by the Acoustical Society of America throu
7、gh the American Institute ofPhysics as American National Standards after approval by their respective Stan-dards Committees and the American National Standards Institute.These standards are developed and published as a public service to providestandards useful to the public, industry, and consumers,
8、 and to Federal, State, andlocal governments.Each of the accredited Standards Committees, operating in accordance with pro-cedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI), is responsiblefor developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. TheASA Standards Secr
9、etariat administers Committee organization and activity andprovides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. Afterthe Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited StandardsCommittees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASAStandards Secretariat
10、 arranges for their publication and distribution.An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con-cerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in thejudgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement hasbeen reached by directly a
11、nd materially affected interests. Substantial agreementmeans much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consen-sus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concertedeffort be made towards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is complete
12、ly voluntary. Their existencedoes not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved theStandards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products,processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards.NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or wi
13、thdrawn at anytime. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require thataction be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard.Standards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 EMelville, New York 11747-3177Telephone: 1 1 631 390 0
14、215Telefax: 11 631 390 0217E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2002 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole orin part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose notfalling within the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prior writ
15、ten permission ofthe publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acous-tical Society of America.ContentsPageForeword . iii0 Introduction 11 Scope, purpose and applications . 12 References 12.1 Normative references . 12.2 Informative references 13 Definitions . 24
16、 Calculations . 24.1 Torsional vibration calculations . 24.2 Lateral vibration calculations . 34.3 Longitudinal vibration calculations 34.4 Calculations for diesel engines . 44.5 Calculations for thrusters, cycloidal propellers and waterjets . 44.6 Calculations for gearboxes 45 Vibration tests . 45.
17、1 Instrumentation 45.2 Test conditions . 55.3 Test procedure . 55.4 Data processing 65.5 Measurements . 66 Acceptance criteria . 86.1 Torsional vibration 86.2 Lateral vibration 86.3 Longitudinal vibration (conventional systems) 96.4 Vibration of diesel engines 96.5 Vibration of thrusters 96.6 Vibrat
18、ions of cycloidal propellers and waterjets . 96.7 Gearboxes 97 Report 10AnnexesA Optional test procedures and calculation requirements 13A1 General . 13A2 Test procedure . 13A3 Calculations . 13A4 Criteria 13B Torsional shaft stress criteria . 14B1 General . 14C Example calculations of vibration pro
19、perties of shippropulsion systems . 16C1 Torsional calculations 16C2 Longitudinal calculations 17C3 Lateral vibration . 21D Bibliography . 23iTables1 Summary of acceptance criteria 112 Particulars of test ship 12C1 Description of elements 18FiguresB1 Stress concentration factor at keyway . 15B2 Stre
20、ss concentration factor for shaft flange fillet in torsion . 15C1 Equivalent systems for calculating torsional naturalfrequencies of a geared turbine-driven propulsion system . 16C2 Calculated mode shapes for geared-turbine drive 17C3 Propulsion shafting details 18C4 Propulsion system longitudinal v
21、ibration model . 19C5 Calculated propulsion system longitudinal natural frequenciesvs. machinery foundation stiffness for a 4-bladed propeller 19C6 Calculated propulsion system longitudinal blade ratevibration response for a 4-bladed propeller (machinery fdnstiffness 5 53106lb/in; total thrust brg s
22、tiffness 5 33106lb/in) . . 20C7 Propulsion shafting first mode whirling frequency vs.propeller bearing and aft stern tube bearing stiffnesses 21C8 Simplified (Jasper) model of propulsion shaftinglateral vibration 22PageiiForewordThis Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the America
23、n National StandardANSI S2.27 - 2002 Guidelines for the Measurement and Evaluation of Vibration of ShipPropulsion Machinery.This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifi-cations for use in mechanical vibration and shock. It has been developed using theAmerican Nati
24、onal Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards CommitteeProcedure. The Acoustical Society of America provides the Secretariat for Accred-ited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock.American National Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock,under whose jurisdiction
25、 this standard was developed, has the following scope:Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test terminology in the fieldsof mechanical vibration and shock and condition monitoring and diagnostics of ma-chines, but excluding those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerance
26、, andcomfort.This standard is comparable to parts of ISO 4867:1984, Code for the measure-ment and reporting of shipboard vibration data.At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S2,Mechanical Vibration and Shock for approval, the membership was as follows:R.J. Peppin,
27、 ChairD.J. Evans, Vice ChairS.B. Blaeser, SecretaryAcoustical Society of America . S.I.HayekB.E. Douglas (Alt.)American Industrial Hygiene Association J.J. EarshenD. Driscoll (Alt.)Bruel FAX: 11 631 390 0217; e-mail: asastdsaip.org.viiiAmerican National StandardGuidelines for theMeasurement andEvalu
28、ation of Vibrationof Ship PropulsionMachinery0 IntroductionThis national standard provides guidelines for ac-ceptable vibration of new marine propulsion ma-chinery during normal operation of the ship. Thisstandard also defines requisite calculations andthe measurement and data processing procedurest
29、o obtain reliable data to compare with the guide-lines.In addition to addressing the more common typesof propulsion systems, such as geared-turbine anddiesel drive, this standard includes thrusters, cyc-loidal propellers and waterjets.The design of a ship propulsion system is a con-tinuing process o
30、f analysis and testing, duringwhich components are analytically evaluated withincreasing complexity as the details of the designevolve. This process culminates with ship testing.Eventual proof of performance is demonstrated infull-scale ship trials with the installed propulsionsystem. This national
31、standard provides guidancefor evaluating the vibration of a propulsion systemduring the design cycle and a detailed descriptionof the vibration tests to be conducted during shiptrials.These guidelines treat longitudinal, lateral and tor-sional vibration of conventional systems and, asapplicable, non
32、-conventional systems. While vi-bration tests are the basis of acceptability, calcu-lations are usually required in addition to measure-ments to indicate probable compliance withacceptance criteria. The requirements for calcula-tions are given in paragraph 4; test procedures,instrumentation and data
33、 analysis are described inparagraph 5; and the acceptance criteria are con-tained in paragraph 6.Evaluation of a ships vibration environment forhabitability is dealt with in ANSI S2.25 2.1 Scope, purpose and applicationsThis standard establishes uniform procedures fordetermining the acceptance of ne
34、w marine propul-sion machinery with respect to vibration of sea-going and inland ships of all lengths, excluding ice-breakers.NOTE This standard covers vibrations of ships insteady underway conditions but does not include thevibrations resulting from special operations such asthe crushing of ice by
35、an icebreaker.This standard covers propulsion systems with tur-bine (both gas and steam), electric and dieseldrives with single or multiple shafts, thrusters, andcycloidal propeller and waterjet systems. Propul-sion systems have higher vibration magnitudesthan most other shipboard machinery because
36、ofpropeller excitation. There are some special re-quirements, such as avoiding thrust reversals inthe thrust bearing and torque reversals in the geartrains. Table 1 presents a summary of acceptancecriteria.Although this standard is intended for new ships, itcan also be used during the life of the sh
37、ip tocheck for mechanical damage, performance moni-toring and evaluating a repair, provided, however,that some allowances are made for wear, erosionof parts, etc.2 References2.1 Normative references1 ISO 2041:1990, Mechanical vibration andshockVocabulary.2.2 Informative references2 ANSI S2.25:2001,
38、American National StandardGuide for the Measurement, Reporting, and Evalu-ation of Hull and Superstructure Vibration in Ships.3 General Radio, Handbook of Noise Measure-ment, General Radio, Seventh Edition, GeneralRadio Company, Concord, MA, USA, 1974 (out ofprint).4 ISO 10816-6:1995, Mechanical vib
39、rationEvaluation of machine vibration by measurementson non-rotating partsPart 6: Reciprocating ma-chines with power ratings above 100 kw.5 ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96:1996, Specification forMeasurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units.AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S2.27-20021 2002 Acoustical Society of A
40、merica6 ISO 8579-2, Acceptance code for gears Part 2:Determination of mechanical vibrations of gearunits during acceptance testing.7 Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engi-neers, Principals of Naval Architecture, NewYork, New York, 1957.3 DefinitionsThis section defines only some of the terms u
41、sedin this standard. See ISO 2041 1 for definitions ofa general nature.3.1 amplitude spectrum. A plot of magnitudesversus frequency occurring in a dynamic signal.3.2 broadband. Having frequency componentsdistributed over a wide frequency band, usuallyone octave or greater.3.3 Cardan shaft. A shaft w
42、ith Hookes universaljoints at both ends.3.4. conventional propulsion system. A systemin which propellers are driven by a geared or directdrive, where all the machinery is inboard, exceptfor the shafting, which also penetrates the hull andsupports an external propeller.3.5 crest factor. The ratio of
43、the peak signalvalue to the rms value of the signal.NOTE The value of the crest factor of a sine waveis the square root of 2.3.6 critical frequency. A natural frequency of amechanical system, associated usually with alower-order mode, which can be excited by an ex-ternal or internal force such as sh
44、aft rpm or bladefrequency. In general, excitation of such modes isto be avoided.3.7 free route. That condition achieved when theship is proceeding at a constant speed with mini-mum rudder angles.3.8 non-conventional propulsion systems. Aclass of propulsion systems which includes vari-ous types of th
45、rusters (maneuvering or propulsion,fixed or variable direction, with ducted or open pro-pellers, etc.), cycloidal propellers and waterjets.3.9 peak value; peak magnitude. The maximumvalue of a raw signal during a given interval.3.10 rms. The square root of the average of thesquared values of a funct
46、ion over a given time in-terval.3.11 vibration severity. A generic term that des-ignates a value or set of values, such as a maxi-mum value, average or rms value, or some otherparameter that is descriptive of the magnitude ofvibration.3.12 wake survey. A method, generally on modelscale, of measuring
47、 the velocity flow in the plane ofthe propeller of a ships hull when towed in astraight-line course at constant speed (usually de-sign speed).NOTE The wake survey, together with the modeltest (propulsion test) and application of a computercode, will enable one to compute the alternating pro-peller f
48、orces as a percentage of mean thrust.4 CalculationsA complete mathematical analysis of the lateraland torsional vibration of the propulsion systemshall be submitted to the purchaser before trials sothat it can be determined if the test requirementsare likely to be satisfied. Such information shall b
49、eprovided far enough in advance of trials to allowsufficient time for redesign or modification. In con-ventional systems, longitudinal vibration calcula-tions shall be made in accordance with paragraph4.3.NOTE There are many programs and simulationtechniques, which are used to model dynamic sys-tems. The subject of modeling is far too complex tobe dealt with in this National Standard. The user isreferred to the bibliography in ANNEX D as a startingpoint if they are not already familiar with the modelingtechniques. ANNEX C shows, by way of example,the
