1、ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 (Revision of ANSI S3.25-1989)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDFor an Occluded Ear Simulator Accredited Standards Committee S3, BioacousticsStandards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 Reaffirmed by ANSI Sept
2、ember 11, 2014 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists a
3、nd engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 (Revision of ANSI S3.25-1989) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD For an Occluded Ear Simulator Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved August 31, 2009 by:
4、 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract The acoustical performance of an occluded ear simulator is specified. This device is designed to simulate the acoustical behavior of the ear canal between the tip of an ear mold and the eardrum, including the acoustic impedance at the eardrum of
5、a median adult human ear. The occluded ear simulator is intended for transducers that are sensitive to acoustic load. It is also suitable as the basis for extensions intended to simulate the complete ear canal and the outer ear (e.g., head and torso simulators). Specific physical realizations of the
6、 ear simulator are described. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. The
7、se committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by
8、 their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standa
9、rds Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Com
10、mittees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those
11、substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not nec
12、essarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved t
13、he Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that actio
14、n be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2009 by Acoustical Society of America. This standa
15、rd may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretari
16、at of the Acoustical Society of America.ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References. 1 3 Terms and Definitions . 1 4 Materials 2 5 Standard ambient reference conditions 2 6 Calibrated pressure microphone . 2 6.1 Introduction 2
17、 6.2 Self noise . 2 6.3 Static pressure equalization. 2 7 Performance specifications . 3 7.1 Legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator 3 7.2 IEC 60318-4 (formerly IEC 711) ear simulator 4 8 Calibration . 6 8.1 Calibration principle .6 8.2 Calibration conditions and method 6 8.3 Ear simulator response
18、stability verification 6 8.4 Pressure response field calibration 7 9 Acoustic coupling of hearing aids, earphones, and miniature receivers. 7 9.1 Insert earphones7 9.2 Behind-the-ear hearing aids 7 9.3 Custom in-the-ear hearing aids . 8 9.4 Miniature transducers 8 9.5 Manikin use 8 Annex A (informat
19、ive) Legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator Mechanical construction 9 A.1 Introduction 9 A.2 Resistance elements . 9 A.3 Microphone termination . 9 Annex B (informative) IEC 60318-4 (formerly IEC 711) Ear simulator Mechanical construction. 13 Tables Table 1 Legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator t
20、ransfer impedance and tolerances 3 Table 2 IEC 60318-4 (formerly IEC 711) transfer impedance and tolerances . 5 2009 Acoustical Society of America - All rights reserved ii Table A.1 Tube dimensions for inertance of branches in the occluded ear simulator shown in Figure A.1 - Tolerance: 0.01 mm 11 Ta
21、ble A.2 Internal volume dimensions for branches in an occluded ear simulator shown in Figure A.1 - Tolerance: 0.01 mm 11 Table A.3 Acoustical resistor construction for the branches in the ear simulator shown in Figure A.1 .12 Figures Figure 1 Level of the nominal transfer impedance multiplied by fre
22、quency of the legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator, relative to the level at 500 Hz, with upper and lower tolerances. 4 Figure 2 Level of the nominal transfer impedance multiplied by frequency of the IEC 60318-4 (formerly IEC 711) ear simulator, relative to the level at 500 Hz, with upper and low
23、er tolerances 5 Figure 3 BTE hearing device shown coupled to the occluded ear simulator with tubing and ear mold simulator (dimensions in mm) 7 Figure 4 ITE hearing device shown coupled to the ear simulator 8 Figure A.1 Construction details for the legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator. 10 Figure
24、A.2 Branch assembly exploded view. 12 Figure B.1 Construction details for the IEC 60318-4 occluded-ear simulator (dimensions in mm). 13 Acoustical Society of America 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 American National Standard for an Occluded Ear
25、 Simulator. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in bioacoustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the America
26、n National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S3 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics which pertain to biologi
27、cal safety, tolerance and comfort. ANSI/ASA S3.7-1995 (R 2008) American National Standard Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones describes several earphone calibration couplers. These different couplers were developed to meet various earphone and hearing aid measurement needs over the past 60 y
28、ears. Although all of these couplers are intended to provide a driving point impedance that is an approximation to the acoustic load presented by a median human ear, none of them is designed to represent standing wave sound fields found in the real ear. This is a primary distinction between earphone
29、 calibration couplers described in ANSI/ASA S3.7-1995 (R 2008) and the occluded ear simulator described in this standard. A large amount of data has been collected that permits one to define the geometry and related acoustical characteristics of a median adult ear. Performance specifications based o
30、n these data provide the primary basis for describing ear simulators. A large body of performance data also exists which was obtained using the legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator that was defined in ANSI S3.25-1979 (updated and superseded by S3.25-1989). A parallel project for specification of
31、an occluded ear simulator resulted in publication IEC 711-1981 (now IEC 60318-4). Both the Zwislocki ear simulator and the IEC 711 ear simulator have been widely deployed and used. In addition, as of the publication of this document, the Zwislocki ear simulator is no longer manufactured. Therefore,
32、this revision describes both the legacy Zwislocki ear simulator and the IEC 60318-4 ear simulator. Both types of occluded ear simulator are now compliant with this standard. This standard contains technical revisions of ANSI S3.25-1989. Major non-editorial revisions in this edition include: Harmoniz
33、ation with IEC 60318-4 (formerly IEC 711). Both the legacy Zwislocki ear simulator and the IEC ear simulator are compliant with this standard. Emphasis is on the acoustical performance specification. Mechanical construction details and drawings for both the legacy Zwislocki ear simulator and the IEC
34、 ear simulator have been moved to Annexes. Specifications and tolerances are expressed as levels in decibels. The acoustical transfer impedance phase tolerance has been removed as this was deemed redundant for any physically realizable embodiment. Specifications for the IEC ear simulator have been a
35、dded. Graphs of the transfer impedance level re level at 500 Hz for both ear simulators are shown. Provision for field calibration using a pistonphone or acoustic calibrator has been added. Descriptions of the acoustic coupling for testing hearing aids and earphones are included. 2009 Acoustical Soc
36、iety of America All rights reserved iv At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, for approval, the membership was as follows: C.A. Champlin, Chair D.A. Preves, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America.C.A. Champlin . M.D. Burk
37、hard (Alt.) American Academy of Audiology.D. Ostergren .S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, IncR.A. Dobie .L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association.T.K. Madison D. Driscoll (Alt.) American Speech-Hearing-Language Association) .L.A. Wi
38、lber V. Gladstone (Alt.) Beltone/GN Resound S. Petrovic Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation .L.D. Hager J.A. Mann (Alt.) ETS Lindgren Acoustic Systems . S. Dunlap .D. Winker (Alt.) Etymotic Research, IncM.C. Killion Food and Drug Administration J.K. Kane .S-C Peng (Alt.) F
39、rye Electronics, Inc. G.J. Frye K.E. Frye (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved vi Introduction In 2003, commercial production of the legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator ceased. As of the date of this revision, it i
40、s recognized that many legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulators are still in the field, functional and in daily use. Therefore, the legacy 4-branch Zwislocki ear simulator is maintained as a viable standardized ear simulator in this revision. This revision also recognizes that the ear simulator desc
41、ribed in IEC 60318-4 (formerly IEC 711) is actively manufactured and supported and is the viable alternative. The two types of ear simulators are recognized as functionally equivalent in this standard. The structure of this revised standard places emphasis on the acoustical performance of the ear si
42、mulator rather than the physical (or mechanical) embodiment. Acoustical coupling for hearing aids, earphones, and telecommunication devices is also included. Mechanical construction details for both ear simulators appear in the Annexes. Extension of the frequency range of applicability was also cons
43、idered; however, there were insufficient data to validate this use. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 Acoustical Society of America 2009 All rights reserved 1American National Standard For an Occluded Ear Simulator 1 Scope Ear simulators are intended for earphone response determination,
44、 measurement of hearing aid gain and performance, and measurements requiring simulation of the sound transmission characteristics of an external ear. Measurements performed with ear simulators are intended to provide data equivalent to sound pressures at the eardrum generated by sound sources in and
45、 around the ear. This standard gives acoustical performance criteria for a device that provides acoustic impedance and exhibits sound-pressure distributions approximating the median adult human ear between an ear mold and the eardrum. Two specific embodiments whose performance conforms to these crit
46、eria are described. Construction details can be found in the annexes. As a simulation of part of a median adult human ear, the occluded ear simulator is suitable for use in test systems such as manikins, where the complete ear is to be simulated. Procedures are given for determining that the occlude
47、d ear simulator has the specified acoustic performance. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inclu
48、ding any amendments) applies. ANSI/ASA S3.7, American National Standard Methods for coupler calibration of earphones ANSI S3.36, American National Standard Specification for a Manikin for Simulated in situ Airborne Acoustic Measurements IEC 60318-4, Electroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear
49、- Part 4: Occluded-ear simulator for the measurement of earphones coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts (Revision of IEC 711:1981) IEC 61094-4, Measurement microphones Part 4: Specifications for working standard microphones 3 Terms and Definitions 3.1 equivalent volume volume of air having the same acoustic compliance 3.2 occluded ear simulator device which approximates the acoustic transfer impedance of the inner part of the human ear canal, from the tip of an ear mold to the eardrum ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 2009
