1、 ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Tractors for agriculture and forestry Falling object protective structures Test procedures and performance requirements American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated
2、to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultur
3、al field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and
4、Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable
5、 ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of t
6、he revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires v
7、erification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Su
8、bstantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Ad
9、ditionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-
10、3852, hqasabe.org ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Approved May 2016 as an American National Standard Tractors for agriculture and forestry Falling object protective structures Test procedures and performa
11、nce requirements These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO and ASABE. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ASABE. All requests pertaining to ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016standard shoul
12、d be submitted to ASABE. Identical adoption of ISO 27850:2013 approved by the ASABE Machinery Systems Technical Community and ANSI May 2016. Keywords: Falling object protection, Operator protection, Test 0 Foreword 0.1 ASABE/ISO 27850:2013, Tractors for agriculture and forestry Falling object protec
13、tive structures Test procedures and performance requirements, is an adoption without modifications of the identically titled ISO standard ISO 27850:2015, Tractors for agriculture and forestry Falling object protective structures Test procedures and performance requirements. 0.2 This International St
14、andard sets forth the test procedure and performance requirements for a falling object protective structure, in the event such a structure is installed on an agricultural or forestry tractor. This International Standard is applicable to agricultural and forestry tractors having at least two axles fo
15、r pneumatic tyred wheels or having tracks instead of wheels. This International Standard does not apply to forestry machinery as defined in ISO 6814. 0.3 Seven normative reference(s) are listed in ISO 27850:2013. These references have been reviewed and accepted as part of the adoption of ASABE/ISO 2
16、7850:2013. 0.4 This standard has been approved as an American National standard by ANSI (American National Standards Institute). Text of ISO 27850:2015, Tractors for agriculture and forestry Falling object protective structures Test procedures and performance requirements, follows. 1 Scope This Inte
17、rnational Standard sets forth the test procedure and performance requirements for a falling object protective structure, in the event such a structure is installed on an agricultural or forestry tractor. This International Standard is applicable to agricultural and forestry tractors having at least
18、two axles for pneumatic tyred wheels or having tracks instead of wheels. This International Standard does not apply to forestry machinery as defined in ISO 6814. ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 2 Normative references The following do
19、cuments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3164:1995, Earth-mo
20、ving machinery Laboratory evaluations of protective structures Specifications for deflection-limiting volume ISO 3463:2006, Tractors for agriculture and forestry Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) Dynamic test method and acceptance conditions ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery Roll-over prote
21、ctive structures Laboratory tests and performance requirements ISO 5700:2013, Tractors for agriculture and forestry Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) Static test method and acceptance conditions ISO 12003-1:2008, Agricultural and forestry tractors Roll-over protective structures on narrow-track
22、 wheeled tractors Part 1: Front-mounted ROPS ISO 12003-2:2008, Agricultural and forestry tractors Roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled tractors Part 2: Rear-mounted ROPS ASTM A370:1979, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 3 Terms and defi
23、nitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 agricultural tractor self-propelled agricultural vehicle having at least two axles, or a track-laying agricultural vehicle, and having a maximum design speed of not less than 6 km/h, par
24、ticularly designed to pull, push, carry, and operate implements used for agricultural work (including forestry work), which may be provided with a detachable loading platform Note 1 to entry: It may be equipped with one or more seats. 3.2 falling-object protective structure FOPS assembly providing r
25、easonable overhead protection to an operator in driving position from falling objects 3.3 roll-over protective structure ROPS framework (safety cab or frame) protecting operators of agricultural and forestry tractors that avoids or limits risk to the operator resulting from accidental overturning du
26、ring normal operation Note 1 to entry: The ROPS is characterized by the provision of space for a clearance zone, either inside the envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edges of the structure to any part of the tractor that might come into c
27、ontact with flat ground and that is capable of supporting the tractor in that position if the tractor overturns. ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 3.4 safety zone zone of protection provided for the tractor operator Note 1 to entry: Th
28、e safety zone is determined by the ROPS International Standard that has been chosen. For tractors equipped with ROPS tested in accordance with ISO 3463, ISO 5700, ISO 120031, or ISO 120032, the safety zone is the clearance zone specified in each of these International Standards. For tractors equippe
29、d with ROPS tested in accordance with ISO 3471, the safety zone is the deflection limiting volume (DLV) according to ISO 3164. 4 Permissible measurement tolerances a) Distance 5 % of maximum deflection or 1 mm b) Mass 0,5 % 5 Procedure 5.1 Preparation of tractor and FOPS for testing 5.1.1 Whether th
30、e FOPS is manufactured by the tractor manufacturer or by an independent party, the test shall only be valid for the model of tractor on which the test is carried out. The FOPS shall be retested for each model of tractor to which it is to be fitted. However, the testing station may certify that the s
31、trength tests are also valid for tractor models derived from the original model by modifications to the engine, transmission, and steering and front suspension (see Clause 9). On the other hand, more than one FOPS may be tested for any one model of tractor. 5.1.2 The protective structure submitted f
32、or test shall include at least all components which transfer loading from the impact location of the drop test object to the safety zone. The protective structure submitted for test shall be either (i) rigidly attached to the test bench at its normal mounting locations (see Figure 1), or (ii) attach
33、ed to the tractor chassis in the normal manner, by means of any brackets, mountings, or suspension components used in normal production and other parts of the tractor that may be affected by loads imposed by the protective structure see Figures 2a) and 2b). The vehicle chassis shall be mounted rigid
34、ly to the test bay floor. Figure 1 Minimum test configuration ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 a) By mountings/attachments b) By suspension components Figure 2 FOPS test configurations when attached to the vehicle chassis 5.1.3 A FOPS
35、 might be designed solely to protect the operator in the event of an object falling onto the tractor, but weather protection for the operator, of a more or less temporary nature, might also be fitted on the structure. The operator will usually remove this in warm weather. In addition, there are FOPS
36、 whose cladding is permanent and for which warm-weather ventilation is provided by windows or flaps. 5.1.3.1 Since the cladding can add strength to the FOPS and removable cladding could be absent when an incident occurs, all parts that are intended to be removable by the operator shall be removed fo
37、r the purpose of the test. Doors, roof hatch, and windows that can be opened shall either be removed or fixed in the open position for the test, so that they do not add to the strength of the FOPS. It shall be noted whether, in this position, they would create a hazard for the operator in the event
38、of an object falling. In the case of FOPS with a roof hatch that can be opened and is a member of the protective structure, the test shall be carried out in both the open and closed position. 5.1.3.2 Throughout this International Standard, reference is made to the testing of the FOPS. This shall be
39、understood to include cladding which cannot be removed during normal operation of the tractor. A description of any temporary cladding supplied shall be included in the specifications. 5.1.3.3 All glass or similar brittle material shall be removed prior to testing. Tractor and ROPS components which
40、might sustain needless damage during the test and which do not affect the strength of the FOPS or its dimensions may be removed prior to testing if the manufacturer so wishes. 5.1.3.4 No repairs or adjustments shall be carried out during the test. Several identical samples can be provided by the man
41、ufacturer if several drop tests are required. 5.1.4 Should the same structure be used for FOPS and ROPS evaluations, the FOPS test shall precede the ROPS test (according to ISO 3463, ISO 5700, ISO 12003-1, ISO 12003-2, or ISO 3471). The removal of impact dents or replacement of the FOPS cover is per
42、mitted. ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 5.2 Apparatus and procedure 5.2.1 Apparatus 5.2.1.1 The drop object shall be a solid steel or ductile iron sphere as shown in Figure 3, the impact surface of which shall have properties against
43、 deformation during testing. The drop object shall have a typical mass of 45 kg and a spherical contact surface diameter of between 200 mm and 250 mm. Figure 3 Example of test object 5.2.1.2 Means of raising the drop object to the required height. 5.2.1.3 Means of releasing the drop object so that i
44、t drops without restraint. 5.2.1.4 Surface of such firmness that it is not penetrated by the machine or test bed under the loading of the drop test. 5.2.1.5 Means of determining whether the FOPS enters the safety zone during the drop test. This may be either of the following: a safety zone template,
45、 placed upright, made of material which will indicate any penetration by the FOPS, in which case grease or other suitable material may be applied on the lower surface of the FOPS cover to indicate such penetration; a dynamic instrumentation system of sufficient frequency response to indicate the exp
46、ected deflection of the FOPS with respect to the safety zone. ASABE/ISO 27850:2013 MAY2016 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 6 The top area of the safety zone is defined by: the points, I1, A1, B1, C1, C2, B2, A2, I2, of the clearance zone for ISO 3463 and ISO 5700;
47、 the plane described in 10.2 d) and e) for ISO 12003-1:2008; the surface defined by points H1, A1, B1, C1, C2, B2, A2, H2 for ISO 12003-2, and the top of the DLV for ISO 3471. In the event the tractor has a reversible drivers position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the safety zone shall be th
48、e combined envelope of the two DLVs defined by the two different positions of the steering wheel and the seat. 5.2.1.6 The safety zone template, if any, shall be fixed to the same part of the tractor as the operators seat and shall remain there during the entire formal test period. 5.2.2 Procedure T
49、he drop test shall consist of the following operations in the order listed. 5.2.2.1 Place the drop object (see 5.2.1.1) on the top of the FOPS, at the location designated in 5.2.2.2. 5.2.2.2 The drop location shall be located on the vertical projection of the top surface of the safety zone. When the safety zone is represented by the clearance zone, the point of impact shall be at a point which is furthest removed from major structural members (see Figure 4). When the safety
