1、 ANSI/ASAE S303.4 SEP2007 (R2012) Test Procedure for Solids-Mixing Equipment for Animal Feeds American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural
2、, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soi
3、l and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by a
4、nyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are
5、 responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, En
6、gineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due proces
7、s, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majori
8、ty, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be t
9、aken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASAE S303.4 SEP2007 (R2012) Copyr
10、ight American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE S303.4 SEP2007 (R2012) Approved September 2007; reaffirmed January 2013 as an American National Standard Test Procedure for Solids-Mixing Equipment for Animal Feeds Proposed by the American Feed Association; approved by the A
11、SAE Grain and Feed Processing and Storage Committee; approved by the Electric Power and Processing Division Technical Committee and the Power and Machinery Division Technical Committee; adopted by ASAE as a Tentative Standard December 1966; revised by the Animal Feed Processing Implements Subcommitt
12、ee of the Power and Machinery Division December 1969; approved by the Electric Power and Processing Division as a full Standard December 1969; reconfirmed December 1973, December 1978, December 1983; revised December 1984; reconfirmed by the Food and Processing Institute Standards Committee December
13、 1989; revised March 1991; reaffirmed December 1995, January 2001, December 2001, February 2003. Revised editorially March 2003; revised September 2007; approved as an American National Standard September 2007; reaffirmed by ASABE December 2012; reaffirmed by ANSI January 2013. Keywords: Feeds, Mixi
14、ng, Solids-mixing, Test, Tracer 1 Purpose 1.1 This Standard is intended to: 1.1.1 Promote uniformity and consistency in the terms used to describe and evaluate animal feed mixers. 1.1.2 Provide a procedure for testing mixers which ultimately improves the quality of animal feed mixtures. 2 Scope 2.1
15、This Standard is applicable to equipment used to prepare animal feed mixtures and includes both batch type and continuous type. It covers mixers intended for the addition of liquid ingredients as well as dry ingredients. 2.2 Within the scope of this Standard, a mixer may include required auxiliary e
16、quipment which would normally be required to operate the mixer. Auxiliary equipment for dry and liquid ingredients may include feeders, surge bins, integral discharge augers, etc., but would not include normal conveying equipment used to convey material beyond the surge bins under quick discharge mi
17、xers. 3 Standard Performance Criteria 3.1 The following criteria are used to judge the performance of mixing equipment: 3.1.1 Uniformity of dispersion of the ingredients throughout the entire batch or run. 3.1.2 Time required for batch mixing. 3.1.3 Throughput (feed rate or discharge rate) of contin
18、uous mixers and residence time in mixer. 3.1.4 Operating power or torque requirements for electric motors are applicable. ANSI/ASAE S303.4 SEP2007 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 4 Standard Test Conditions 4.1 Standard feed product formulas 4.1.1 Batch m
19、ixers. The standard formula for testing the performance of a batch mixer shall consist of a mixture of 98% ground shelled corn, U.S. Grade No. 2 of less than 14% moisture, (wet basis) and 2% sodium chloride salt (see paragraph 13.1.1). The corn shall be ground to a fineness defined by geometric mean
20、 diameter of 0.85 0.15 mm and a geometric standard deviation of 2.0 0.50 (see ASAE Standard S319.1, Method of Determining and Expressing Fineness of Feed Materials by Sieving). The salt shall have a geometric mean diameter of 0.45 0.10 mm and a standard deviation of 1.5 0.25. Formulations in additio
21、n to the standard formula may be tested. The particle size distribution and density of all ingredients comprising more than one percent of the formula, excluding any tracers, such as salt, shall be reported. The particle size distribution and density of each tracer material shall be reported. Altern
22、ately, colored iron particles or colored iron powder may be used as tracer compounds instead of salt. In this case, the standard formula will consist of ground shelled corn as in the paragraph above or a corn/ soybean base mash formula feed with the colored iron particles or the colored iron powder
23、formulated as an ingredient to yield 50 grams per 2,000-lbs of feed. 4.1.2 Continuous mixers. Continuous mixers shall be tested using the standard formula listed under paragraph 4.1.1. In addition, mixers designed for the application of molasses shall be tested using a mixture of 80% wheat bran and
24、20% molasses mixture. The molasses mixture shall consist of 95% cane blackstrap molasses having a Brix of 78 and viscosity of 300 to 1000 mPas (300 to 1000 centipoises) at 43 C (110 F) (method of measurement to be specified), 2.5% potassium chloride and 2.5% ammonium chloride. Mixers designed for mi
25、xing heated molasses shall be tested with the molasses heated to 43 C (110 F) while those mixers designed for mixing unheated molasses shall be tested with molasses at 20 5 C (70 10 F). The dry feed ingredients shall enter the mixer at 20 5 C (70 10 F). Other formulations may be tested and the test
26、report shall describe the materials used, particle size and density of dry ingredients, and the density and viscosity of the liquid at the temperature of addition. 4.2 Mixer characteristics. A description of the equipment used should include the make, model, and serial numbers. The following specifi
27、cations shall be measured and reported: 4.2.1 Major vessel dimensions and total calculated volume. The maximum and minimum working volume of the mixer, as stated by the manufacturer, shall be reported. 4.2.2 Any special modifications to mixer made for testing. 4.3 Mass of each ingredient added shall
28、 be reported. 4.4 Mixing conditions. The following information shall be reported: 4.4.1 Method, sequence, place and rate of adding each ingredient. Note at what point during the charging cycle the mixer is started. For continuous mixing, check feed rates prior to and following the test. Note conveyo
29、rs between feeders and mixer which may contribute to mixing. 4.4.2 Mixing time in batch mixers or throughput and residence time of continuous mixers. 5 Standard Procedures 5.1 Mixer operations 5.1.1 Batch mixing. The mixer shall be started and then filled with all ingredients, other than the tracer
30、material. The tracer is the last ingredient added to the mixer. In horizontal mixers, the tracer shall be added to one end. In vertical mixers it shall be placed on the top of the charge or at the point of normal charging. For a mixer that utilizes a charging screw or chute for filling, the mixer sh
31、all be filled with 95% of the ground shelled corn, the tracer shall be added, and then the remainder of the corn shall be added. Mixing time shall start once ANSI/ASAE S303.4 SEP2007 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 the tracer has been added, and end when
32、 discharge begins. Final results shall be reported on the basis of at least 10 samples drawn at approximately uniform time intervals during the mixer discharge. Samples shall be drawn from the discharge stream, or the discharge from surge bins if such equipment is included as a part of the mixer. Th
33、ese samples shall be taken at the end of an uninterrupted mixing cycle. At least three trials should be made and results reported separately. 5.1.2 Continuous mixing. A minimum of 10 samples shall be taken from the discharge of the mixer during each of three test periods. A minimum test period shoul
34、d be at least three times and preferably more than 10 times the average residence time of solids in the mixing equipment. Continuous mixers are highly dependent upon the accuracy of associated feeders. If such feeders are an integral part of the mixing device and if the mixer is intended for continu
35、ous, automatic operation without the presence of an operator, it should be equipped with devices to stop the equipment when material flow from supply bins is interrupted or reduced. The operation of such systems devices should be checked separately over an extended period of time, and the sensitivit
36、y in terms of ability to respond to a reduced feed rate should be reported. 5.2 Sampling 5.2.1 Sampling batch mixers. If possible, samples should be taken from the discharge of the mixer by cutting through the discharge stream of the mixer. If this is not possible, as in a drop bottom mixer, then sa
37、mples should be taken when discharged at the end of the recommended operating time of the mixer. If internal sampling is to be done, samples should be taken which will represent a wide cross section of the mixer (e.g., three samples from various depths in each quarter of the length of a horizontal m
38、ixer). 5.2.2 Sampling continuous mixers. Samples should be taken at equal time intervals during the mixer discharge. No samples should be taken until the mixer has been running for a period of at least twice the residence time plus time required to fill the mixer or has stabilized operating conditio
39、ns. 5.2.3 Sample size. At least 10 samples of about 0.5 kg (1 lb) should be taken and assayed separately. In general, the size of samples should be large enough to contain a minimum of 1000 tracer particles (the active ingredient which will be assayed). If this size of sample must be reduced for ass
40、ay purposes, it should be ground before dividing to a fineness which gives at least 1000 tracer particles in the assay sample. 5.2.4 Sampling methods 5.2.4.1 Samples from the flowing discharge should remove a cross section of the entire stream. Sampling the discharge will aid in locating segregation
41、 effects caused by emptying. 5.2.4.2 Internal probe sampling of batch mixers can be used to obtain data to plot a curve for mixing time or to locate points of nonuniformity. Sampling should disturb the mixture as little as possible. 5.2.4.3 A sampling thief, of 25 mm (1 in.) or larger diameter adapt
42、ed to withdraw about the sample size desired, should be inserted into the batch with a minimum of disturbance, with the sample holes covered. The holes should be covered after the sample is taken and before the probe is withdrawn. Sample thieves may cause segregation and are not well adapted to the
43、sampling of mixtures containing large particles or large amounts of liquids, such as molasses. 6 Methods of Measurement 6.1 Analysis of samples 6.1.1 The samples shall be analyzed for level of salt, using a chemical procedure. The value of the analytical error of the assay should be determined and i
44、ncluded in the test report. Other tracers may be used, but the chemical component of the tracer material should not be found in large amounts in other ingredients. An assay value showing the background level of the active component of the tracer in the other ingredient should be included for compari
45、son. The mixing quality of a molasses feed shall be assayed by assaying for chloride ion concentration. ANSI/ASAE S303.4 SEP2007 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 If colored iron particles are used as the tracer for the test, they will be determined by mag
46、netically retrieving the particles from feed samples, sprinkling them onto a filter paper wetted with the appropriate solvent (50% ethanol when working with water soluble colors) and drying the paper to “fix” the colored spots once they stain the test paper. If colored iron particles are used, the v
47、ariability inherent to Poisson particle statistics must be accepted with an additional variability due to analytical error added. A minimum of 100 tracer particles should be counted per sample analysis to yield a Poisson standard deviation of 10 and an inherent statistical coefficient of variation o
48、f 10%. If colored iron powder is used as the tracer for the test, it will be determined by magnetically retrieving the iron powder from the feed samples, dissolving the dye from the powder and reading the color of the resulting solution on a spectrophotometer. 6.2 Power measurements 6.2.1 Input powe
49、r (watts) to the motor should be obtained with a wattmeter or power meters having an accuracy of at least 5%. The meters should have a response time of 1.5 s or less. Input power can also be obtained by measuring energy for a 10 to 15 min time period and then dividing the energy measurement by the time period. Output power can be calculated by multiplying the input power by the motor efficiency as taken from the motor manufacturers efficiency curve. The nominal efficiency designation of the motor (National Electrical Manufacturer
