1、 ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Terminology for Combines and Grain Harvesting American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological
2、 systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource m
3、anagement, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in indus
4、try or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for prote
5、cting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices an
6、d Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE.“ Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and othe
7、r criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessaril
8、y unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to r
9、eaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agric
10、ultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Revision approved June 2015 as an American National Standard Terminology for Combines and Grain Harvesting Developed by the ASAE Grain Harvesting Committee; approved by the Power and Machinery Division Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE a
11、s a Tentative Standard February 1971; reclassified as a full Standard December 1971; reconfirmed December 1977; revised April 1981; reconfirmed December 1985; revised March 1988; approved as an American National Standard August 1988; revised April 1990; revision approved by ANSI January 1991; revise
12、d editorially March 1991; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1994; revised editorially February 1995; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1995, December 1996; reaffirmed by ANSI March 1998; reaffirmed by ASAE December 2001, February 2004; reaffirmed by ANSI March 2004; reaffirmed by ASABE and ANSI February 2009, e
13、ditorial revision and reaffirmed by ASABE December 2013, reaffirmed by ANSI January 2014; revised and approved by ANSI June 2015. Keywords: Combines, Grain, Harvesting, Terminology 1 Purpose and Scope 1.1 The purpose of this Standard is to establish terminology pertinent to grain combine design and
14、performance. It is intended to improve communication among engineers and researchers and to provide a basis for comparative listing of machine specifications. 2 References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editio
15、n cited applies unless noted. For undated references, the latest approved edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.“ ANSI/ASABE AD5687:1999, Equipment for harvesting Combine harvesters Determination and designation of grain tank capacity and unloading device performance
16、ANSI/ASAE S396, Combine Capacity and Performance Test Procedure USDA 810, Official United States Standards for Grain ISO 712, Cereals and cereal products Determination of moisture content Reference method 3 Combine Components 3.1 Header: The portion of the combine comprising the mechanisms for gathe
17、ring the crop. 3.1.1 Gathering width: The distance between the centerlines of the outermost divider points; expressed in meters to the nearest hundredth. Where adjustable dividers are used the maximum and minimum dimensions shall be stated. 3.1.2 Grain header width: The distance between the side she
18、ets of the header measured immediately above the forward tips of the sickle sections; expressed in meters to the nearest hundredth. ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 3.1.3 Maize (ear corn) header width: The average distance between the cen
19、terlines of adjacent picking units multiplied by the number of units. Where the header width is adjustable, maximum and minimum distances between centerlines shall be stated, expressed in centimeters. The maximum and minimum header widths shall then be expressed in meters to the nearest hundredth, a
20、nd the number of picking units shall be stated. 3.2 Primary cutting mechanism: That device on the header for severing the plant stalks. May include reciprocating, rotary, continuous, scissor-type, or other mechanisms for severing, and lies primarily in a horizontal plane. 3.2.1 Secondary cutting mec
21、hanism: Any other cutting device that does not serve as a primary cutting device. 3.2.2 Knife: A reciprocating member of a header used for severing crop. Sometimes called a sickle. 3.2.2.1 Knife frequency: The number of cycles which the sickle makes in a given period of time. One cycle is the full m
22、ovement of the sickle in one direction and its return to the starting point. Frequency shall be expressed in hertz. 3.2.2.2 Knife stroke: The distance that a point on the knife nearest to the driver travels with respect to the centerline of a guard in one half cycle; expressed in millimeters. 3.3 Pi
23、ckup attachment: A device for gathering a crop from a windrow or laid position, and does not contain a primary cutting device. 3.3.1 Pickup width: The minimum distance including the width of the outermost conveying elements but not including the gather of flared side sheets; expressed in meters to t
24、he nearest hundredth. 3.4 Cutting mechanism height: The height of the forward tip of any cutting blade or sickle section above the plane on which the machine is standing, measured under the following conditions and expressed in centimeters: 3.4.1 The maximum and minimum dimensions shall be in the hi
25、ghest point and the lowest point to which the cutterbar can be raised or lowered with the standard lift mechanism. 3.4.2 Tire and wheel equipment and axle height position shall be stated, and tires shall be inflated to the field operating pressures recommended by the combine manufacturer. 3.4.3 Head
26、er pitch if adjustable will be stated. 3.4.4 The plane on which the combine is standing shall be substantially level. 3.4.5 The header installed at the time of measuring shall be stated. 3.4.6 The grain tank shall be effectively empty in accordance with ANSI/ASABE AD5687:1999 JAN2014, Equipment for
27、harvesting Combine harvesters Determination and designation of grain tank capacity and unloading device performance. 3.5 Rotating threshing or separating elements 3.5.1 Threshing cylinder: A rotating element, which in conjunction with a stationary element adjacent to it, is fitted primarily to promo
28、te threshing. The crop being threshed is contained between rotating and stationary elements for less than 360. 3.5.2 Threshing and/or separating rotor: A rotating element similar to a threshing cylinder except that the crop is contained for 360 and may pass around the rotor axis one or more times. 3
29、.5.3 Separating cylinder: Defined as for threshing cylinder or rotor, except that the terms “separating” and “separated” replace “threshing” and “threshed.” ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 3.5.4 Rotary separator: An alternative term for
30、a rotary device, similar to a cylinder, which is fitted to promote separation only. 3.5.5 Cylinder or rotor threshing or separating diameter: The diameter of the circle generated by the outermost point of the appropriate rotating element as it rotates normal to its rotational input axis, dimension D
31、, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, expressed in millimeters. Figure 1 Cylinder or rotor diameter Figure 2 Cylinder, rotor, and concave dimensions ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 Figure 3 Laterally-disposed cylinders or rotors Figure 4 Longitudina
32、lly-disposed cylinders or rotors, viewed from rear 3.5.6 Cylinder or rotor threshing or separating length: The length of the cylindrical volume generated by the outermost points of the cylinder or rotor elements with a primary purpose of threshing and/or separating, as the cylinder or rotor rotates
33、about its rotational input axis, and as appropriate to its threshing or separating section, dimension L, Figure 2, expressed in millimeters. 3.5.7 Single or multiple cylinders or rotors may be disposed laterally (see Figure 3) or longitudinally (see Figure 4) within the combine. If multiple cylinder
34、s or rotors are used, the number shall be stated and the dimensions given as in Figures 3 and 4. 3.6 Concave: A concave-shaped stationary element adjacent to the threshing cylinder or rotor fitted primarily to promote threshing. In the case of a concave that is permeable to grain flow, either in who
35、le or in part, there is the secondary important function of separation. 3.6.1 Concave width or length: The outside dimension of the concave, measured parallel to the axis of its associated threshing cylinder or rotor, dimension W, Figure 2, expressed in millimeters. 3.6.2 Concave arc length: The arc
36、 length dimension of the concave, including the first and last bars. This shall be measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis of its associated cylinder or rotor and around the contour formed by the inner surfaces of the concave bars, dimension A, Figure 5. Concave arc length shall be expressed i
37、n millimeters. This measurement will not change with concave position. ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 Figure 5 Concave arc 3.6.3 Concave arc: A common way of defining concave wrap in degrees. It shall be measured from the outside of the
38、 first bar to the outside of the last bar in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the associated cylinder or rotor, dimension a, Figure 5. If the concave wrap varies with concave position, then position must be stated. This measurement may change with concave position. 3.6.4 Concave area: The produc
39、t of the concave width, or length, and arc length, expressed in square meters to the nearest hundredth. 3.6.5 If more than one concave is used, this shall be so stated, and the dimensions and areas shall be given separately. 3.6.6 Concave grate: That portion of the concave which is permeable for sep
40、aration. 3.6.7 Concave grate width: As for concave width, W, Figure 2, expressed in millimeters. 3.6.8 Concave grate length: Dimension dA, Figure 6, expressed in millimeters. Figure 6 Concave grate arc length 3.6.9 Concave grate arc: That portion of the concave arc that corresponds to the concave gr
41、ate length in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the associated cylinder or rotor dimension da, Figure 6. If the concave grate arc varies with concave position, then position must be stated. 3.6.10 Concave grate area: The product of concave grate width, W, Figure 2, and length, dA, Figure 6, expre
42、ssed in square meters to the nearest hundredth. 3.7 Concave grate extension: A permeable element, approximately concentric to the associated cylinder or rotor and generally forming an extension to concave, Figure 4. This may exist merely as a gap between the concave and the transition grate shown as
43、 dimension G in Figure 7. ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 6 Figure 7 Typical walker-type combine: (1) cylinder, (2) concave, (3) beater, (4) transition grate, (5) walkers, (6) shoe 3.7.1 Concave extension width: As for concave width, W, Fi
44、gure 2, measured in millimeters. 3.7.2 Concave extension length: Dimension G, Figure 7, measured in millimeters. 3.7.3 Concave grate extension area: The product of the concave width, W, Figure 2, and the concave grate extension length G, Figure 7, measured in square meters to the nearest hundredth.
45、3.8 Transition grate: A permeable element that provides transition from the concave grate extension to the next separating device. 3.8.1 Transition grate width: As for concave width, W, Figure 2, measured in millimeters. 3.8.2 Transition grate length: The contour length of the upper surface of the t
46、ransition grate, dimension B, Figure 7, expressed in millimeters. 3.8.3 Transition grate area: Product of transition grate width, W, Figure 2, and length, B, Figure 7, expressed in square meters to the nearest hundredth. 3.9 Further separating devices 3.9.1 Straw walker: Multiple, permeable platform
47、s mounted on rotating cranks which together fill the width of the separating body of the combine, dimension R, Figure 8, expressed in meters to the nearest hundredth. These platforms shake and transport the straw rearward in the combine, separating the grain from the material other than grain (MOG).
48、 ANSI/ASAE S343.4 JUN2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 7 Figure 8 Width of straw walkers 3.9.1.1 Straw walker length: The distance from the front to the rear of the walker, dimension P, Figure 7, expressed in meters to the nearest hundredth. If there are adjust
49、able sections at the rear of the walkers, they should be in the fully extended position. 3.9.1.2 Straw walker area: The product of the width of the straw walker body, dimension R, Figure 8, and the length of an individual walker, dimension P, Figure 7, expressed in square meters to the nearest hundredth. 3.9.2 Axial or other rotary separating grates: A concave-shaped element adjacent to the separating portion of a threshing and separating rotor fitted primarily to allow additional separa
