1、 ANSI/ASAE S483.2 AUG2011 (R2016) Rotary Mower Blade Ductility Test American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological sys
2、tems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource manag
3、ement, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry
4、or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protectin
5、g themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Da
6、ta approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other cr
7、iteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily un
8、animity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaff
9、irm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASAE S483.2 AUG2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of A
10、gricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE S483.2 AUG2011 (R2016) Revision approved August 2011; reaffirmed March 2016 as an American National Standard Rotary Mower Blade Ductility Test Proposed by the Industrial/Agricultural Mower Manufacturers Council of the Farm and Industrial Equipment Ins
11、titute; approved by the ASAE Agricultural Safety Committee and the ASAE Power and Machinery Division Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE as a Tentative Standard April 1987; reaffirmed December 1987; revised editorially and reclassified as a full Standard December 1988; approved as an American Natio
12、nal Standard February 1989; reaffirmed July 1993, November 1998, February 2003; revised November 2005; August 2011; reaffirmed March 2016. Keywords: Blade, Mower, Rotary, Test 1 Purpose and Scope 1.1 The purpose of this Standard is to identify production blade lots, from which samples were subjected
13、 to destructive testing. 2 Definitions 2.1 rotary mower: A mower in which one or more functional components cut or shear by impact and rotate about an axis perpendicular to the cutting plane. For illustrations of rotary mowers refer to Society of Automotive Engineers Standard J990, Nomenclature-Indu
14、strial and Agricultural Mowers. 2.2 blade lot: A blade lot will be determined by the blade manufacturer, traceable to the heat of steel and manufacturing process. A change in the heat of steel shall establish a new blade lot. 2.3 heat of steel: A heat of steel is a batch of steel from a ladle or ste
15、el making furnace. A heat of steel is sometimes referred to as a mill heat. NOTE: The heat analysis is obtained from a small sample of molten metal from the ladle or furnace. The sample is allowed to solidify, then a spectrochemical analysis is performed. If the chemical analysis is within specifica
16、tion, the balance of molten metal can be cast as one heat treat number. Typically heats are over 50 tons with many mills running heats about 300 tons. (Refer to ASTM A29) 2.4 manufacturing process: A series of thermal manufacturing operations applied to the steel material to transform it into a fini
17、shed blade. These operations include heating the material for forming purposes and the heat treat operation. Different heat treatment processes, for example quench and temper versus austemper, shall be considered different manufacturing processes. 2.5 permanent set angle: The angle formed by the bac
18、k of the blade or test coupon in the area of the bend after removal from the blade bend test fixture (see Figure 1). 2.6 total deflection angle: The angle which is the sum of the permanent set angle and the estimated springback. This angle is for ease of fixture design and not acceptance criteria. (
19、see Figure 2) 2.7 test coupon: Flat specimen with the same cross-section and of the same blade lot as the blades it represents. ANSI/ASAE S483.2 AUG2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 Figure 1 Permanent set angle of blade after test Figure 2 Blade bend
20、test fixture ANSI/ASAE S483.2 AUG2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 Table 1 Blade bend angles Blade thickness, Ram, mm diameter, in. Minimum permanent set angle, deg. Approximate total deflection angle, deg. mm in. Under 5.73 Under 0.225 38 1.5 25 36 5
21、.74 0.226 50 2.0 25 368.52 0.335 8.53 0.336 70 2.75 25 3610.68 0.420 10.69 0.421 89 3.5 25 3614.49 0.570 over 14.50 over 0.571 108 4.25 15 23 3 General Requirements 3.1 Identification. Every blade shall have a blade vendor identification and a date, blade lot number or production run number stamped
22、or otherwise permanently affixed in a non-critical stress area that will be readable on a used blade. 3.2 Hardness requirements. The value of Rockwell hardness shall be a minimum of 35HRC. Refer to ASTM E18-03 for Hardness test procedures. 3.3 Charpy Impact Strength 3.3.1 Charpy Impact strength shal
23、l be determined after heat treatment for the sampled Blades. The Charpy Impact Testing will be conducted per ASTM E23-02a and ASTM A 370 methods and shall be performed at room temperature. Three specimens from one blade or test coupon for each heat of steel shall be tested. Specimens shall be of the
24、 LT orientation. This test may be performed on the sample blade or test coupon after the bend test. 3.3.2 Requirement. The test blade or test coupon from a heat of steel shall have an average Charpy value of 20.3 J (15 ftlbs) or greater. 4 Bend Test Requirements 4.1 Bend test sampling procedure. Pul
25、l random samples from each blade lot at the minimum rate of one for each 200 blades, but not less than two blades from any one blade lot. 4.2 Test fixture 4.2.1 All parts selected for bend testing shall be tested on the fixture specified in Figure 2 (except as noted in paragraph 4.3) using the ram d
26、iameter selected from Table 1 based on the thickness of the blade in the area to be bent. 4.2.2 Stops may be used on the ram which will stop against the roller area of the bottom die, but they shall not make contact in the area of the bend in the blade. The stops shall be positioned to provide the m
27、inimum permanent set angle per Table 1. Suggested stop angles (total deflection angles) are specified in Table 1. ANSI/ASAE S483.2 AUG2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 4.2.3 Blade bend test procedure. All parts shall be placed flat on the bend test di
28、e and bent at least enough to give the permanent set, total included angle over a time period not to exceed 15 seconds and at a maximum temperature of 49C (120F). The blade area placed between the support points in the die shall not be in a fin area, near a mounting hole or in an area of other bends
29、 or distortions. If this is not possible due to blade geometry, use test coupon. When the beginning of a crack or break is indicated, stop the test and remove the blade. 4.3 Alternate procedure. The object of this test fixture and procedure is to produce 14.5% permanent elongation in the surface of
30、the metal all the way across the blade. This is based on the assumption that the neutral axis of the blade is located in from the inside bend surface a distance equal to 40% of the thickness. Any other form of blade bend test fixture and procedure may be substituted as long as this objective is achi
31、eved. 4.4 Acceptance criteria. If any blade or test coupon from a blade lot breaks or incurs a crack visible to the naked eye before reaching the permanent set angle specified in Table 1, that entire blade lot shall be rejected, and no blades from that blade lot may be used without corrective measur
32、es. 4.5 Corrective measures. If a corrective measure such as annealing or reheat treating is performed on the blade lot, the blade lot shall then be retested, but the sample size must be doubled. If all sample blades pass the retest, then the lot may be accepted. Cited Standard SAE J990, Nomenclatur
33、e Industrial and Agricultural Mowers ASTM E18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E23, Standard Test Methods for notched bar testing of Metallic Materials ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A29, General R
34、equirements for Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought Reference Standards ANSI B71.1 Outdoor Power Equipment Walk-Behind Mowers and Ride-On Machines with Mowers Safety Specifications ANSI B71.4 Commercial Turf Care Equipment Safety Specifications SAE J232 Industrial Ro
35、tary Mowers ISO/DIS 5395-1, June 6, 2010, Garden equipment Safety of powered lawnmowers Part 1: Terminology and common tests. Once approved ISO 5395-1 shall be used in place of the ISO/DIS ISO/DIS 5395-2, June 6, 2010, Garden equipment Safety of powered lawnmowers Part 2: Pedestrian controlled lawnmowers. Once approved ISO 5395-2 shall be used in place of the ISO/DIS. ISO/DIS 5395-3, June 6, 2010, Garden equipment Safety of powered lawnmowers Part 3: Ride-on lawnmowers. Once approved ISO 5395-3 shall be used in place of the ISO/DIS.
