1、2003897819399Product Code: 90129 9/16ISBN: 978-1-939200-39-6 (PDF)ISBN: 978-1-939200-35-9 (Softcover)ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.orgTHE DEFINITIVE COMPANION TO STANDARD 55This companion guide provides detailed information on the requirements of Standard 55-2013, and i
2、ncludes tables, illustrations, and examples to aid users in the design, commissioning, and measuring and rating of thermal comfort in buildings. Provided are details on the intent and application of Standard 55, encouragement in the application of proper building and system design principles, and gu
3、idance to building operation and maintenance personnel. Also included are sample calculations and examples, a description of tools used for compliance (such as the ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool), and an exhaustive collection of useful references and resources.Standard 55 Users Manual does not reproduc
4、e the requirements of the standard but rather paraphrases and explains them. Intended to be used in conjunction with the standard, this manual provides Information on the intent and application of Standard 55 Sample calculations and examples using the ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool Guidance on applying
5、 the principles of acceptable thermal comfort and effective thermal control Useful reference material to assist designers, owners, and users in efficiently completing a successful and compliant design Guidance to building operation and maintenance personnel Descriptions of compliance toolsAlso inclu
6、ded is an exclusive link to the web-based CBE/ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool, developed by the Center for the Built Environment at the University of California Berkeley.This manual is intended for architects; engineers; manufacturers; plan examiners; field inspectors; general and specialty contractors;
7、 commissioning agents, raters, and similar quality control specialists; and operation and maintenance personnel.Standard 55 Users Manual is an essential supplement for professionals concerned with thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy in buildings. Use it alongside your copy of ANSI/A
8、SHRAE Standard 55-2013.STANDARD 55-2013 USERS MANUAL STANDARD 55 USERS MANUALBased onANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThis manual provides Explanation of Standard 55s requirements Guidance on designing for thermal comfort Sample calculations and example
9、s using the ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool Descriptions of compliance tools Useful references Operation and maintenance tips Standard 55Users ManualANSI/ASHRAEStandard 55-2013Thermal Environmental Conditionsfor Human OccupancyAtlantaASHRAE RESEARCH:IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFEASHRAE is a global societ
10、y advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the built environment.Its 53,500 members worldwide are individuals who share ideas, identify the need for and support research, and writethe industrys standards for testing and practice. The result of these efforts is that engineers are
11、 better able to keepindoor environments safe and productive while protecting and preserving the outdoors for generations to come.One of the ways that ASHRAE supports its members and the industrys need for information is through ASHRAEResearch. Thousands of individuals and companies support ASHRAE Re
12、search annually, enabling ASHRAE to reportnew data about material properties and building physics and to promote the application of innovative technologies.ASHRAE Research contributed significantly to the material in this book.For more information about ASHRAE Research or to become a member of ASHRA
13、E, contact ASHRAE.1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329 USA; telephone +1-404-636-8400; www.ashrae.org. 2016 ASHRAEAll rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.ISBN: 978-1-939200-38-9 (Paperback)ISBN: 978-1-939200-39-6 (PDF)Cover Photo: The offices for Clif Bar b. explains the s
14、tandard through the use of sample calculations and examples;c. encourages the user to apply the principles of acceptable thermal comfort and effec-tive thermal control when designing buildings and building systems;d. provides useful reference material to assist designers, owners, and users in effici
15、entlycompleting a successful and compliant design; ande. provides guidance to building operation and maintenance personnel.This manual informs the user in the application of tools used for compliance with Stan-dard 55, in particular the ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool. If users wish to explore third-par
16、ty implementations of Standard 55, it is their responsibility to confirm that these imple-mentations accurately reflect the requirements of the standard. AudienceThis users manual is intended to be used by a. architects, engineers, and other designers who choose to design spaces that will com-ply wi
17、th Standard 55; b. manufacturers of systems and components who choose to provide the industry withcomplying equipment; c. plan examiners and field inspectors who will be charged with enforcing the standardin areas where it is adopted as code; d. general and specialty contractors who must construct b
18、uildings in compliance withthe standard; e. commissioning agents, raters, and similar quality control specialists whose goal is tosee that systems operate according to the owners requirements and design intent; and f. operation and maintenance personnel who must maintain occupant thermal comfortcomp
19、liance of the building throughout its lifespan (assuming the building and its sys-tems have been designed for thermal comfort).PrefaceStandard 55 Users Manual vPrefaceScopeThe purpose of this users manual is to aid in understanding and complying with the require-ments of Standard 55-2013 as publishe
20、d in its entirety. The users manual does not addresschanges made by addenda approved or currently in review that are not included in the cur-rent published version of Standard 55-2013 available through the ASHRAE website. It is intended that this manual be used in conjunction with the standard; requ
21、irements areexplained in the manual but are not repeated verbatim. Examples are intended to be gener-ally compliant with the standard and have been reviewed and approved by the committee.Circumstances related to specific building designs may result in requirements that deviatefrom the examples. The
22、examples given in this manual do not create new requirements orrepresent the only methods of achieving compliance with the standard. AddendaStandard 55 is a dynamic document undergoing continuous maintenance, with addenda,errata, and interpretations issued throughout its life. The ASHRAE committee r
23、esponsiblefor maintaining the standard (SSPC 55) may approve addenda at any time in the continuousmaintenance process. Users of this manual are encouraged to consult the ASHRAE websitefor approved addenda to the most recent edition. The scope of this manual does not encom-pass errata, addenda, or in
24、terpretations to the 2013 edition of the standard.When using this manual to comply with a code based on or referencing Standard 55, deter-mine whether any addenda have been incorporated into that code, and read those addendacarefully. If the adopted code references a version of the standard prior to
25、 2013, then the infor-mation contained within this manual may not apply.Anyone may submit a proposed change to the standard, and the SSPC is required to con-sider it as a possible addendum under the continuous maintenance process. Instructions forsubmitting a proposed change to the standard can be l
26、ocated online at http:/www.ashrae.org.Official Interpretations of the StandardStanding Standards Project Committee (SSPC) 55 provides official interpretations of thestandard upon written request. Interpretations are restricted to the words contained withinthe standard itself and cannot encompass des
27、ign reviews and/or proposals for changes.Address requests for interpretations toASHRAESenior Manager of Standards1791 Tullie Circle, NEAtlanta, GA, 30329-2305 The SSPC usually assigns the request to a subcommittee, which then reviews it anddevelops an interpretation. This interpretation is then vote
28、d on by the full committee. Acommon timeframe for a response is six to twelve months. Interpretations are also posted onthe ASHRAE website at http:/www.ashrae.org.Standard 55 OrganizationStandard 55 is divided into eight sections and thirteen appendices. Sections 1, 2, and 3 areadministrative and do
29、 not contain any requirements: Section 1, “Purpose”states the purpose of the standard. Section 2, “Scope”describes where the standard does and does not apply. Section 3, “Definitions”provides definitions of terms that are used throughout thestandard.vi Standard 55 Users ManualPrefaceSections 4 throu
30、gh 8 are the technical sections of the standard and contain requirementsfor the design and evaluation of thermal comfort in buildings: Section 4, “General Requirements”requires documentation and describes the gen-eral procedures for identifying space types and representative occupants. Section 5, “C
31、onditions that Provide Thermal Comfort”describes the specificrequirements or several methods for the selection of thermal environmental conditionsbased on characteristics of the representative occupants. Section 6, “Design Compliance”presents the requirements for documenting a com-pliant building an
32、d systems design. Section 7, “Evaluation of Comfort in Existing Buildings”contains methods forevaluation of comfort in existing buildings when such evaluation is required by codeor another standard. As a design standard, such evaluation is not a requirement ofStandard 55. Section 8, “References”cont
33、ains a list of reference documents that provide addi-tional information on key concepts used in Standard 55. In addition to the eight primary sections, the standard contains a foreword and thirteenappendices. The foreword provides a historical perspective on the development of the stan-dard. Appendi
34、ces A and B are normative1and therefore part of the standard: Normative Appendix A, “Methods for Determining Operative Temperature” Normative Appendix B, “Computer Program for Calculation of PMV-PPD”The remaining appendices are informative. They provide additional explanation and arenot part of the
35、standard: Informative Appendix C, “Conditions that Provide Thermal Comfort” Informative Appendix D, “Use of Metabolic Rate Data” Informative Appendix E, “Clothing Insulation” Informative Appendix F, “Analytical and Graphic Comfort Zone Methods” Informative Appendix G, “Procedure for Evaluating Cooli
36、ng Effect of Elevated AirSpeed Using SET” Informative Appendix H, “Local Discomfort and Variations with Time” Informative Appendix I, “Occupant-Controlled Naturally Conditioned Spaces” Informative Appendix J, “Sample Design Compliance Documentation” Informative Appendix K, “Measurements, Surveys, an
37、d Evaluation of Comfort inExisting Spaces: Parts 1 and 2” Informative Appendix L, “Bibliography and Informative References” Informative Appendix M, “Addenda Description”Organization and Use of the Users ManualIn general, the chapters of this users manual follow the organization of the standard. To a
38、idthe user in correlating requirements of the standard with the explanations in the users man-ual, all major headings contain section number references in parentheses. This allows theuser to quickly reference a corresponding section of the standard. Similarly, each section ofthe standard has a corre
39、sponding section in the users manual. 1. ASHRAE uses the term normative to refer to text that is a requirement of the standard. Normative textappears in the body of the standard or in a separate appendix identified as “normative.” Informative textis material that is explanatory and not a part of man
40、datory requirements. It can be interspersed in the bodyof the standard, where it is prefaced by “Informative Note,” or in a separate appendix identified as “infor-mative.”Standard 55 Users Manual viiPrefaceReferences to Standard 55 in Building Codes and StandardsOne notable example in which Standard
41、 55 is referenced2specifically for ensuring occupantthermal comfort is ANSI/ASHRAE/IES/USGBC Standard 189.1-2014, Standard for theDesign of High-Performance Green Buildings. However, in most cases where Standard 55 isreferenced in codes, references are related to energy modeling or avoiding the nega
42、tiveenergy-use consequences of oversizing equipment. These codes, standards, guidelines, andcontract provisions adopt Standard 55 by reference in several ways: As criteria for determining indoor design conditions in support of energy efficiencyregulations: California Code of Regulations, Title 24, P
43、art 6, Building Energy Efficiency Stan-dards, Section 140.4, Prescriptive Requirements for Space Conditioning Systems,requires mechanical heating and mechanical cooling equipment to be sized appro-priately to meet the design heating and cooling loads of the building, as calculatedwith indoor design
44、temperature and humidity conditions determined in accordancewith ASHRAE Standard 55 or 2009 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals. The2016 version of Title 24, Part 6, references the 2010 version of Standard 55. As a means to determine equivalency of real or hypothetical buildings or operationmethods: As a re
45、quirement during the design stage to perform modeling using prescribedindoor thermal conditions for a baseline building and a proposed building. Thismodeling is performed for the purpose of demonstrating that a proposed designmeets the performance requirements of an energy code. As a requirement tha
46、t an energy conservation improvement, whether by hardwareor operational strategy, meets certain minimum requirements of human thermalcomfort post-retrofit. As a requirement to design heating and cooling systems to achieve thermal comfortconditions to meet thermal acceptability criteria: ANSI/ASHRAE/
47、IES Standard 90.1-2013, Energy Standard for Buildings ExceptLow-Rise Residential Buildings, includes a newly clarified requirement for model-ing systems in a proposed building that provides occupant thermal comfort bymeans other than directly controlling the air dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature(i.e
48、., radiant cooling/heating, elevated air speed, etc.). It permits the use of Stan-dard 55 for calculation of thermal comfort. ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014, Standard for the Design ofHigh Performance Green Buildings, in addition to incorporating the modelingrequirement in Standard 90.1 a
49、bove, says in Section 8.3.2 that the building shouldbe designed in compliance with Standard 55, Section 6.1, “Design,” and Section6.2, “Documentation.” Compliance with Standard 189.1 is required by the U.S.Army and is a compliance path of the International Code Council (ICC) Interna-tional Green Construction Code (IGCC). Some designers will choose to use Standard 55 as their standard of care or best practicemethod for the benefit of their clients or to clarify the scope of their services to clients. Fol-
