1、Metric Continuous and Double-End StudsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B18.31.1M-2008(Revision of ASME B18.31.1M-2005)REAFFIRMED 2016Intentionally left blank ASME B18.31.1M-2008(Revision of ASME B18.31.1M-2005)Metric Continuousand Double-End StudsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: Octob
2、er 24, 2008This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There willbe no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisdocument. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B18 Comm
3、ittee may be published as Cases.Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures acc
4、redited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public
5、review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the v
6、alidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvis
7、ed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of t
8、his code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electron
9、ic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2008 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee R
10、oster . viCorrespondence With the B18 Committee vii1 Introduction . 12 Comparison With ISO Documents . 13 Referenced Standards 14 Terminology . 15 Dimensions 16 Body Diameter. 27 Length 28 Points. 29 Thread Length . 210 Screw Threads. 211 Materials and Mechanical Properties 212 Identification Symbol
11、s . 313 Finish . 314 Workmanship 315 Straightness. 316 Inspection and Quality Assurance. 317 Dimensional Conformance 318 Clearance Holes 319 Designation . 3Tables1 Dimensions for Continuous-Thread Studs . 42 Dimensions for Clamping-Type Studs . 53 Dimensions for Tap-End Studs (1.5D Engagement) . 64
12、Body Dimensions for Double-End Studs . 75 Length Tolerances: LTfor Continuous-Thread and Clamping-Type Studs, and L forTap-End Studs . 7Mandatory AppendixI Stud Straightness, Referee Gage, and Gaging Procedures . 9iiiFOREWORDAmerican National Standards Committee B18 for the standardization of bolts,
13、 screws, nuts,rivets, and similar fasteners was organized in March 1922 as Sectional Committee B18 underthe aegis of the American Engineering Standards Committee (later the American StandardsAssociation, then the United States of America Standards Institute and, as of October 6, 1969,the American Na
14、tional Standards Institute, Inc.) with the Society of Automotive Engineers andthe American Society of Mechanical Engineers as joint sponsors.In 1995 the SAE Ship Systems and Equipment Committee that was preparing fastener partstandards for the shipbuilding industry asked ASME Committee B18 if there
15、was an interest indeveloping dimensional standards for studs. At the December 1995 B18 meeting in Atlanta, itwas reported that a survey by ASME showed considerable interest in establishing a subcommitteeto develop stud standards and 11 representatives indicated their willingness to serve on thesubco
16、mmittee. Subcommittee (SC) 31 was established and drafts of SAE customary and metricstud standards were distributed for review.The first meeting of SC 31 on studs was held in April 1996 in conjunction with the ASME B18meetings in Chicago. Existing stud standards (IFI 136 Studs and Bolts and IFI 528
17、Metric Studsand Bolts) were compared with the draft of SAE standards J2271 Part Standard for StudsContinuous and Double End (Inch Series) and J2271M Part Standard for StudsContinuous andDouble End (Metric). The Subcomittee then identified the configurations to be developed alongwith thread sizes and
18、 diameters to be covered. It was determined to develop both customaryand metric standards covering both continuously threaded and double-ended studs. A decisionto develop the metric standard first was unanimously passed.An ASME B18, SC 31 Working Group on Metric Studs met at the Defense Industrial S
19、upplyCenter in Philadelphia in November 1996. Some of the more important recommendations of theWorking Group were(a) continuousanddouble-endstuds(basedonnewlypublishedSAEJ2271M)wouldbecoveredand interference-fit studs would not be covered.(b) diameters 5 mm through 100 mm would be covered with coars
20、e-pitch threads used fordiameters of 56 mm and smaller and six-pitch threads for larger diameters.(c) it was agreed that the length should be the overall length as per IFI 528 and SAE J2271and not the ambiguous first-to-last thread requirement as identified in ASTM A 193/A 193M.(d) cover both finish
21、ed and unfinished ends and permit sheared ends provided they weresuitable for marking.(e) for double-end studs, a thread length of 112diameters on one end and a longer threadlength on the other end as per SAE J2271M.The recommendations of the Working Group were accepted at the SC 31 meeting in NewOr
22、leans in December 1996 with only minor modifications.A draft of B18.31.1M was forwarded to members prior to the April 1997 SC 31 meeting inCleveland and some changes were identified at the meeting. Drafts and changes were reviewedat subsequent meetings.A draft of B18.31.1M was circulated for ballot
23、prior to the December 1998 SC 31 meeting inPhoenix and discussed at the meeting. A number of changes were identified including placingthe figures over the applicable tables. A motion was approved to submit the revised draft toSC 31 and B18 for a simultaneous ballot.A revised draft was reviewed at th
24、e SC 31 meeting in Altamonte Springs, Florida in April 1999that incorporated changes from the previous meeting and utilized ISO 225 dimensions. The draftwas generally accepted and the sponsor was asked to review ISO 4759 tolerances and incorporateas appropriate.AttheDecember1999SanAntoniomeetingofSC
25、31,thelatestdraftofB18.31.1Mwasreviewed.The addition of a double-end (bolt-stud) configuration with threads of equal length was proposedand generally accepted. It was proposed to review Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V. (DIN)ivstud standards and survey stud manufacturers. After reviewing DIN stud
26、standards, a surveywas developed. The survey was circulated to SC 31 members prior to the May 2000 meeting inOrlando to determine if the survey was suitable for wider circulation. The results of the surveywere discussed at the meeting and it was decided that a wider circulation was not required andt
27、hat a revised draft of the Standard based on the recommendations contained in the surveyshould be balloted.At the December 2000 SC 31 meeting in New Orleans, a new draft of B18.31.1M was reviewed.As a result, the following significant changes were proposed:(a) Reference ASTM F 1941M for plating requ
28、irements and add smaller diameters down to1.6 mm.(b) Circulation of a new draft for SC ballot was approved; this new draft was balloted inApril 2001.(c) Subsequently, to resolve a ballot disapproval, it was proposed that a thread length of 2Dplus six threads be added to the tables for double-end stu
29、ds. A revised draft with this and otherchanges was balloted in November 2001.Changes included adding the 14 mm diameter for double-end studs and 14 mm, 22 mm, and27 mm diameters added for continuously threaded studs.The Standard was again balloted in March and November 2002. At the December 2002 mee
30、ting,it was recommended that straightness requirements be added. Subsequently, the ISO tolerancesfor straightness were deleted in favor of tolerances used in other ASME B18 standards. Minorchanges were incorporated as a result of 2003 ballot and a reconsideration ballot in March 2004closed without r
31、esponses. A previous disapproval was discussed at the April 2004 meeting andsome changes accepted.At the December 2004 meeting, it was agreed to delete ASTM F 2281 as it applied only toinch-dimensioned fasteners. It was also agreed upon to revise the format of several tables toimprove consistency of
32、 the various tables. The revised document was submitted for anotherreconsideration ballot in March 2005. This Standard was approved by the American NationalStandards Institute on November 9, 2005.At the SC 31 meeting in April 2006, it was noted that the Table 3 figures for tap-end studsappeared to s
33、how different thread configurations on each end although the text indicated thatmetric coarse threads were required for both ends unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.Although a minimum and maximum full thread length was specified for nut-end threads, thetransition length from full thread to
34、no thread was not defined. Accordingly, it was agreed todevelop proposed changes to correct these minor deficiencies.The maximum thread length dimension for nut ends was to be replaced by a total thread lengthof five thread diameters greater than the minimum thread length. This change was discussed
35、atthe November 2006 and April 2007 SC meetings without obtaining a total consensus.A draft revision circulated for ballot prior to the November 2007 B18 meeting incorporatedthe following changes:(a) Delete the maximum nut-end full thread length in favor of a maximum total thread length.(b) Change nu
36、t-end thread length for M3 and smaller diameter studs from 2D +6mmto3Dto permit coverage of shorter length studs.(c) Correct the range of lengths for tap-end studs due to the fact that the range of lengths werecopied from the clamping studs based on two nut ends whereas the tap-end studs have one nu
37、tend and a shorter tap end.(d) Correct the maximum thread length BMfor the M16 diameter tap-end stud in Table 3.At the November 2007 meeting, the benefit of changing the thread length for M3 and smallerdiameters was discussed. Manufacturers do not normally stock these products and it was decidedto d
38、elete coverage of double-end studs and tap-end studs of M5 and smaller diameters.A revised draft was simultaneously balloted to B18 and SC 31 prior to the April 2008 B18meetingthatdeleteddouble-endandtap-endstudsofM5andsmallerdiameters.Nodisapprovalswere received on the ballot. Several editorial com
39、ments were approved at the April 2008 B18SC 31 meeting.This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September3, 2008.vASME B18 COMMITTEEStandardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws,Washers, and Similar Fasteners(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time
40、 of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. A. Clever, ChairR. D. Strong, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELV. Cartina, Continental-AeroD. A. Clever, Deere and Co.A. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.B. D. Brunside, Alternate, Ford Motor Co.R. L. Crane, The Ameri
41、can Society of Mechanical EngineersA. C. Dicola, Wrought Washer Co.B. A. Dusina, Federal Screw WorksJ. S. Foote, Contributing Member, Trade Association Management,Inc.D. S. George, ND IndustriesJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteJ. J. Grey, Contributing Member, Fastener Consulting Services
42、, Inc.B. Hasiuk, Contributing Member, Defense Supply CenterPhiladelphiaA. Herskovitz, ConsultantJ. Hubbard, Contributing Member, Rockford Fastener, Inc.J. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface Warfare CenterM. Keller, Contributing Member, ConsultantSUBCOMMITTEE 31 THREADED STUDSW. K. Wilcox,
43、Chair, ConsultantC. A. Dugal, Vice Chair, Texas Screw ProductsR. L. Crane, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersJ. F. Braden, Fasteners UnlimitedD. A. Clever, Deere and Co.D. S. George, ND IndustriesJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteA. Herskovitz, ConsultantviJ. F. Koehl,
44、 Contributing Member, Spirol International Corp.W. H. Kopke, ITW Shakeproof Assembly ComponentsJ. G. Langenstein, Honorary Member, ConsultantW. J. Lutkus, Heli Coil EmhartD. McCrindle, Canadian Fasteners InstituteM. D. Prasad, Contributing Member, General Motors Corp.W. L. Sakowski, Account Managers
45、, LLCS. Savoji, ITW MedalistW. Schevey, Contributing Member, BGM Fastener Co., Inc.W. R. Stevens, RamcoR. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.S. W. Vass, ConsultantC. B. Wackrow, Contributing Member, MNP Corp.W. K. Wilcox, ConsultantC. B. Williamson, Fastenal Co.C. J. Wilson, ConsultantR. B. Wright, Cont
46、ributing Member, Wright Tool Co.J. G. Zeratsky, National Rivet and Manufacturing Co.J. Jennings, Naval Surface Warfare CenterJ. F. McCarrick, Defense Supply Center PhiladelphiaR. B. Meade, Atrona Material Testing Laboratories, Inc.W. Schevey, BGM Fastener Co., Inc.G. M. Simpson, Semblex Corp.W. R. S
47、tevens, RamcoR. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.C. B. Wackrow, MNP Corp.C. B. Williamson, Fastenal Co.C. J. Wilson, ConsultantCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B18 COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent theconsensus ofconcerned interests. Assuch, users ofthis
48、 Standard mayinteract with theCommitteeby requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Corre-spondence should be addressed to:Secretary, B18 Standards CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990Proposing Revision
49、s. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changesthatappearnecessaryor desirable,asdemonstratedbytheexperience gainedfromtheapplicationof the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should beas specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detaileddescription of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules whenjustified
