1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDBalance Lifting UnitsASME B30.28-2010Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I
2、NTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.28-2010BalanceLifting UnitsSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICA
3、N NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USACopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: October 8, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publi
4、cation in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the
5、 Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
6、 American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an
7、 opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights assert
8、ed in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the valid
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10、responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,w
11、ithout the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with
12、ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vB30 Standard Introduction . viiChapter 28-0 Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSection 28-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.28 1Section 28-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 28-0.3 References 2C
13、hapter 28-1 Marking, Construction, and InstallationSection 28-1.1 Markings . 4Section 28-1.2 Construction . 4Section 28-1.3 Installation . 5Chapter 28-2 Inspection, Testing, and MaintenanceSection 28-2.1 Inspection 7Section 28-2.2 Testing . 9Section 28-2.3 Maintenance . 9Chapter 28-3 OperationSectio
14、n 28-3.1 Conduct of Operators . 11Section 28-3.2 Handling the Load . 11Section 28-3.3 Training 11Figures28-0.1-1 Fixed Arm . 328-0.1-2 Flexible Lifting Medium 3iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
15、e from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).
16、This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were
17、 held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Instit
18、ute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized th
19、e project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the com
20、mittee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety
21、standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards C
22、ommittee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions. The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each completeas to construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) willcover the different types of equip
23、ment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodie
24、s and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of pr
25、actical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To
26、 secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standa
27、rds are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This is the first edition of this Volume, which w
28、as approved by the B30 Standards Committeeand by ANSI, and designated as an American National Standard on August 3, 2010.ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety
29、Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Thy
30、ssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsu
31、ranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O.Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)NFPA 70-2008, National Electrical CodePublisher
32、: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169(www.nfpa.org)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.28-2010Fig. 28-0.1-1 Fixed ArmPivots Fixed
33、 armLoadFig. 28-0.1-2 Flexible Lifting MediumPistonBall screwLoadLifting mediumHousing3Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.28-2010Chapter 28-1Marking, Construction, and Instal
34、lationSECTION 28-1.1: MARKINGS28-1.1.1 Rated LoadThe rated load of the balancer shall be marked onthe unit or its attachment and shall be legible from theoperating position.28-1.1.2 ControlsControl actuators shall be marked to indicate thedirection of resultant motion.28-1.1.3 IdentificationThe foll
35、owing information shall be legibly marked ona durable identification plate or label on the balancer:(a) name of manufacturer(b) year of manufacture(c) manufacturers serial number(d) type or model number(e) maximum rated load(f) maximum design working pressure, if applicable(g) electrical requirement
36、s, if applicable (voltage, fre-quency, amperage draw)28-1.1.4 Warnings(a) Safety signs should be designed according to therelevant requirements of ANSI Z535.4.(b) Balancers shall have information displayed on thebalancer and included in operating manuals concerningoperating procedures. This informat
37、ion shall includecautionary language against(1) lifting more than the stated rated load(2) operating the balancer when the load is notsecure or properly attached(3) operating the balancer with twisted, kinked, ordamaged lifting medium(4) operating a damaged or malfunctioningbalancer(5) lifting peopl
38、e(6) lifting loads over people(7) removing or obscuring warning or informationlabels(c) A label shall be affixed on all electrical controlenclosures. The label shall be in compliance withANSI Z535.4 and include, but not be limited to, informa-tion such as the following:4(1) Disconnect power and lock
39、out/tagout discon-necting means before removing cover or servicing thisequipment.(2) Do not operate without cover in place.SECTION 28-1.2: CONSTRUCTION28-1.2.1 Mechanical Design(a) Balancers shall be designed to withstand allstresses imposed under normal operating conditionswhile handling loads with
40、in the stated rated loadcapacity.(b) Load suspension parts shall be designed so thatthe static stress calculated for rated load shall not exceed20% of the ultimate tensile strength of the material used.(c) Power transmission parts shall be designed so thatthe dynamic stresses calculated for the rate
41、d load shallnot exceed the endurance limits established by themanufacturer.(d) Modifications to re-rate or modernize the balanc-ers shall only be as authorized in writing by the originalequipment manufacturer or qualified person.28-1.2.2 Electric Design (Electrically PoweredBalancers)(a) Electrical
42、construction shall comply with relevantsections of Article 610 of NFPA 70.(b) Electrical components shall be located andenclosed so that energized parts will not be exposed tocontact under normal operating conditions.(c) Electrically powered balancers shall have a poweronoff switch mounted on the ba
43、lancer at or near thepower inlet cable.(d) Electrically powered balancers shall have an emer-gency stop switch on the operator control.28-1.2.3 Ropes(a) Hoisting rope (if used) shall be of a constructionas recommended by the balancer manufacturer for thebalancer service.(b) The rated load divided by
44、 the number of parts(lines) of rope shall not exceed 20% of the minimumbreaking strength of the rope.(c) Special considerations must be taken when ropemay be exposed to environmental conditions underwhich the rope could be damaged (e.g., corrosion orweld splatter).Copyright ASME International Provid
45、ed by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.28-2010(d) Socketing shall be done in a manner recom-mended by the rope or fitting manufacturer or a quali-fied person.(e) The rope ends shall be attached to the balancer ina
46、 manner to prevent disengagement throughout ratedhook travel.(f) Eye splices shall be made in a manner as recom-mended by the balancer manufacturer or qualifiedperson.28-1.2.4 Load Chain(a) Load chain shall be pitched (calibrated) so as topass over all sprockets without binding.(b) The load chain sh
47、all be proof tested by the chainor balancer manufacturer, with a load at least equivalentto 1.5 times the balancers rated load divided by thenumber of chain parts supporting the load.28-1.2.5 Hooks(a) Hooks, if used, should be articulating or of theswiveling type at the top support of the balancer.(
48、b) Hooks used at the bottom of the balancer shall beof the swiveling type and shall rotate freely.(c) Hooks shall be equipped with latches unless useof the latch creates a hazardous condition. Whenrequired, a latch shall be provided to bridge the openingof the hook and retain, under slack conditions
49、, liftingdevices such as, but not limited to, slings, chains, andeye pads. Refer to ASME B30.10, Hooks.28-1.2.6 ErgonomicsControl panels, manual overrides, component accessdoors, and covers shall be located to provide suitableaccess.28-1.2.7 LubricationIf lubrication is required, accessible means for lubrica-tion shall be
