1、Refrigeration Piping andHeat Transfer ComponentsASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B31.5-2016(Revision of ASME B31.5-2013)ASME B31.5-2016(Revision of ASME B31.5-2013)RefrigerationPiping andHeat TransferComponentsASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL
2、STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: June 29, 2016The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Code will become effective6 months after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects
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12、 written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viIntroduction . viiiSummary of Changes xChap
13、ter I Scope and Definitions 1500 General Statements 1Chapter II Design. 8Part 1 Conditions and Criteria . 8501 Design Conditions 8502 Design Criteria 9Part 2 Design of Piping Components 24503 Criteria for Design of Piping Components . 24504 Pressure Design of Piping Components 24Part 3 Design Applic
14、ation of Piping Components Selection and Limitations 33505 Pipe 33506 Fittings, Bends, and Intersections 34507 Valves 34508 Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting 35Part 4 Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints . 35510 Piping Joints 35511 Welded Joints . 35512 Flanged Joints . 365
15、13 Expanded Joints 36514 Threaded Joints . 36515 Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints 36517 Brazed and Soldered Joints 37518 Sleeve Coupled and Other Novel or Patented Joints 37Part 5 Expansion, Flexibility, Structural Attachments, Supports, and Restraints 37519 Expansion and Flexibility 37520
16、Design of Pipe Supporting Elements . 46521 Design Loads for Pipe Supporting Elements . 47Chapter III Materials 49523 Materials General Requirements 49524 Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts 55Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 56526 Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard PipingC
17、omponents 56Chapter V Fabrication and Assembly . 58527 Welding 58528 Brazing and Soldering . 67529 Bending Hot and Cold 68530 Forming 68531 Heat Treatment . 68535 Assembly . 69iiiChapter VI Examination, Inspection, and Testing 73536 Examination 73537 Inspection 75538 Testing . 75539 Records . 76Figu
18、res502.3.2 Stress Range Reduction Factors 23504.3.1-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections 27504.3.1-2 Extruded Outlet Header Notation . 29504.3.1-3 Mechanically Formed Tee Connections in Copper Materials 31504.5.3 Blanks 34519.4.5-1 Bends . 44519.4.5-2 Branch Connections . 45523.2.2 Reduction in Min
19、imum Design Metal Temperature Without ImpactTesting . 53527.1.2 Typical Joints With Backing Ring 59527.2.1-1 Butt Welding End Preparation . 59527.2.1-2 Internal Trimming for Butt Welding of Piping Components With InternalMisalignment . 59527.3.3-1 Fillet Weld Size . 60527.3.3-2 Welding Details for S
20、lip-On and Socket Welding Flanges, and SomeAcceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds . 61527.3.3-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket WeldingComponents Other Than Flanges 61527.3.5-1 Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement . 62527.3.5-2 Typical Welded Branch C
21、onnection With Additional Reinforcement . 62527.3.5-3 Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without AdditionalReinforcement 62527.3.5-4 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details ShowingMinimum Acceptable Welds 63527.3.5-5 Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fi
22、ttings . 64527.3.6-1 Acceptable Welds for Flat Plate Closures . 66527.3.6-2 Unacceptable Welds for Flat Plate Closures 67Tables500.2-1 Refrigerant Safety Classifications 4500.2-2 Safety Classifications for Refrigerant Blends 6502.3.1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values, ksi 10514 Minimum Thickness of Ex
23、ternal Threaded Components 36519.3.1 Thermal Expansion Data, e (IP and SI) . 39519.3.2 Moduli of Elasticity, E (IP and SI) 40519.3.6 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i 41521.3.1 Minimum Sizes of Straps, Rods, and Chains for Hangers . 48523.1 Acceptable Materials Specificatio
24、ns . 50523.2.2 Impact Exemption Temperatures . 54526.1 Dimensional Standards 57531.2.1 Heat Treatment of Welds 70Nonmandatory AppendicesA Referenced Standards . 77B Preparation of Technical Inquiries . 80C Selecting Applicable Piping Codes . 81D Nomenclature . 83ivFOREWORDThe need for a national cod
25、e for pressure pipingbecame increasingly evident from 1915 to 1925. To meetthis need, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American StandardsAssociation, then changed to United States of AmericaStandards Institute, and now known as the AmericanNational Standards Institute) i
26、nitiated project B31 inMarch 1926, at the request of The American Society ofMechanical Engineers and with that Society the soleadministrative sponsor. Because of the wide fieldinvolved, Sectional Committee B31, later changed toStandards Committee, was composed of representativesof some 40 different
27、engineering societies, industries,government bureaus, institutes, and trade associations.After several years work, the first edition was publishedin 1935 as an American Tentative Standard Code forPressure Piping.In order to keep the Code abreast of current develop-ments in piping design, welding, st
28、ress computations,new dimensional and material standards and specifica-tions, and increases in the severity of service conditions,revisions, supplements, and new editions of the Codewere published as follows:B31.1-1942 American Standard Code for PressurePipingB31.1a-1944 Supplement 1B31.1b-1947 Supp
29、lement 2B31.1-1951 American Standard Code for PressurePipingB31.1a-1953 Supplement 1 to B31.1-1951vB31.1-1955 American Standard Code for PressurePipingIn 1952, a new section of the Code was published tocover Gas Transmission and Distribution PipingSystems. In 1955, after a review by B31 Executive an
30、dSectional Committees, a decision was made to developand publish other industry sections as separate codedocuments of the American Standard Code for PressurePiping.The first edition of Refrigeration Piping was publishedas ASA B31.5-1962, superseding Section 5 of B31.1-1955.This Section was revised i
31、n 1966. Following approvalby the Sectional Committee and the sponsor, this revi-sion was approved by the United States of AmericaStandards Institute on September 8, 1966, and desig-nated USAS B31.5-1966. Revision of this Section wasapproved on April 18, 1974 by the American NationalStandards Institu
32、te and designated ANSI B31.5-1974.In December 1978, the American National StandardsCommittee B31 was reorganized as the ASME Code forPressure Piping, B31 Committee under proceduresdeveloped by the American Society of MechanicalEngineers and accredited by the American NationalStandards Institute. The
33、 Code designation was alsochanged to ANSI/ASME B31.Previous editions of this Code include those of 1983,1987, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2006, 2010, and 2013. In this, the2016 Edition, new additions and revisions have beenmade to the text, shown in the Summary of Changespage.This Code was approved as an Amer
34、ican NationalStandard on April 12, 2016.ASME B31 COMMITTEECode for Pressure Piping(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSM. L. Nayyar, ChairK. C. Bodenhamer, Vice ChairA. P. Maslowski, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELR. J
35、. T. Appleby, ExxonMobil Development Co.C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.K. C. Bodenhamer, Willbros Professional ServicesR. M. Bojarczuk, ExxonMobil Research but where service requirements necessitateadded quality and more extensive nondestructive exam-ination, these are to be specified in the engi
36、neeringdesign and any revision thereto, and when so specified,the Code requires that they be accomplished.The Code generally employs a simplified approachfor many of its requirements. A designer may choose touse a more complete and rigorous analysis to developdesign and construction requirements. Wh
37、en thedesigner decides to take this approach, the designer shallprovide details and calculations demonstrating thatdesign, contruction, examination, and testing are con-sistent with the criteria of this Code. The details shallbe documented in the engineering design.500.1 ScopeRules for this Code Sec
38、tion have been developed con-sidering the needs for applications that include pipingand heat transfer components for refrigerants and sec-ondary coolants.1500.1.1 This Code prescribes requirements for thematerials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, test,and inspection of refrigerant, heat tra
39、nsfer components,and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as lowas 320F (196C), whether erected on the premises orfactory assembled, except as specifically excluded in thefollowing paragraphs.500.1.3 This Code shall not apply to any of thefollowing:(a) any self-contained or unit systems subject
40、 to therequirements of Underwriters Laboratories or othernationally recognized testing laboratory(b) water piping, other than where water is used asa secondary coolant or refrigerant(c) piping designed for external or internal gage pres-sure not exceeding 15 psi (105 kPa) regardless of size(d) press
41、ure vessels, compressors, or pumps, but doesinclude all connecting refrigerant and secondary coolantpiping starting at the first joint adjacent to suchapparatus500.2 DefinitionsFor convenience in reference, some of the more com-mon terms relating to piping are defined in thissubdivision.Most welding
42、 definitions were taken from the AWSWelding Handbook, Volume 1, 7th Edition. Heat treat-ment terms were taken from ASM Metals HandbookProperties and Selection of Materials, Volume 1,8th Edition.arcwelding: a group of welding processes wherein coales-cence is produced by heating with an electric arc(
43、s),with or without the application of pressure and with orwithout the use of filler metal.automatic welding: welding with equipment that per-forms the entire welding operation without constantobservation and adjustment of the controls by an opera-tor. The equipment may or may not perform the loading
44、and unloading of the work.backing ring: backing in the form of a ring generally usedin the welding of piping.ASME B31.5-2016base metal: the metal to be welded, soldered, brazed,or cut.brazing: a joining process that produces coalescence ofmaterials by heating them in the presence of a fillermetal ha
45、ving a liquidus above 840F (450C) but belowthe solidus of the base metals. Heating may be providedby a variety of processes. The filler metal distributesitself between the closely fitted surfaces of the joint bycapillary action. Brazing differs from soldering in thatsoldering filler metals have a li
46、quidus below 840F(450C).brine: a secondary coolant that is a solution of a salt andwater.butt joint: an assembly of two members lying approxi-mately in the same pressor: a specific machine, with or without accesso-ries, for compressing a given refrigerant vapor.condenser: that part of a refrigeratin
47、g system designedto liquefy refrigerant vapor by the removal of heat.condenser coil: a condenser constructed of pipe or tube,not enclosed in a pressure vessel.design pressure: see section 501.engineering design: the detailed design developed fromprocess requirements and conforming to Code require-me
48、nts, including all necessary drawings and specifica-tions, governing a piping installation.equipment connection: an integral part of such equipmentas pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and pumps,designed for attachment to pipe or piping components.evaporator: that part of a refrigerating system desi
49、gnedto vaporize liquid refrigerant to produce refrigeration.evaporatorcoil: an evaporator constructed of pipe or tube,not enclosed in a pressure vessel.face of weld: the exposed surface of a weld on the sidefrom which the welding was done.filler metal: metal to be added in making a welded,brazed, or soldered joint.fillet weld: a weld of approximately triangular cross-section joining two surfaces approximately at rightangles to each other in a lap joint, tee joint, corner joint,or socket joint.fusion: see weld.gas metal-arc welding (GMAW): an arc welding process
