1、Standard for the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping SystemsASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B31E-2008ASME B31E-2008Standard for theSeismic Designand Retrofitof Above-GroundPiping SystemsASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
2、Date of Issuance: July 14, 2008The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2011. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME We
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5、that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any pate
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8、d.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system
9、 or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2008 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespond
10、ence With the B31 Committee viIntroduction . vii1 Purpose 12 Materials . 23 Design 24 Interactions . 55 Documentation 56 Maintenance 57 References 5Tables1 Seismic Design Requirements, Applicable Sections 32 Maximum Span, ft (m), Between Lateral Seismic Restraints for Steel Pipe Witha Yield Stress o
11、f 35 ksi (238 MPa), in Water Service at 70F (21C) . 3iiiFOREWORDSeismic design of critical piping systems is often required by Building Codes or by regulation,or it may be voluntarily instituted for loss prevention and worker and public safety.While seismic loads are mentioned in the various section
12、s of the ASME B31 Pressure PipingCode, and allowable stresses are provided for occasional loads, there has been a need to providemore explicit and structured guidance for seismic design of new piping systems, as well as retrofitof existing systems. In order to respond to this need, this Standard was
13、 prepared by the ASME B31Mechanical Design Technical Committee.This 2008 edition was approved by the American National Standards Institute on April 21, 2008and designated as ASME B31E-2008.ivASME B31 COMMITTEECode for Pressure Piping(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approv
14、al of this Standard.)COMMITTEE OFFICERSM. L. Nayyar, ChairK. C. Bodenhamer, Vice ChairN. Lobo, SecretaryCOMMITTEE PERSONNELH. A. Ainsworth, ConsultantR. J. T. Appleby, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co.C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.A. E. Beyer, Fluor DanielK. C. Bodenhamer, Enterprise Products Co.
15、J. S. Chin, TransCanada Pipeline USD. L. Coym, Worley ParsonsJ. A. Drake, Spectra Energy TransmissionD. M. Fox, Atmos EnergyJ. W. Frey, Stress Engineering Service, Inc.D. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.R. A. Grichuk, Fluor Corp.L. E. Hayden, Jr., ConsultantG. A. Jolly, Vogt Valves Flowserve Corp.W
16、. J. Koves, UOP LLCN. Lobo, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersB31 MECHANICAL DESIGN TECHNICAL COMMITTEEW. J. Koves, Chair, UOP LLCG. A. Antaki, Vice Chair, Becht Nuclear ServicesT. Lazar, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersC. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.J. P. Breen,
17、Becht Engineering Co.J. P. Ellenberger, ConsultantD. J. Fetzner, BP Exploration Alaska, Inc.J. A. Graziano, Tennessee Valley AuthorityJ. D. Hart, SSD, Inc.R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.B. P. Holbrook, Babcock Power, Inc.vR. P. Merrill, Evapco, Inc.J. E. Meyer, Louis Perry
18、however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee priorto being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpr
19、etation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or
20、 activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B31 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, whichare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B31 Standards Committee.viINTRODUCTIONThe ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping consists of a number of indi
21、vidually publishedSections and Standards, each an American National Standard, under the direction of the ASMECommittee B31, Code for Pressure Piping.Rules for each Standard provide standardized guidance for a specific task found in one ormore B31 Section publications, as follows:(a) B31E, Standard f
22、or the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping Systems,establishes a method for the seismic design of above-ground piping systems in the scope of theASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping.(b) B31G, Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines, provides asimplified proced
23、ure to determine the effect of wall loss due to corrosion or corrosion-like defectson pressure integrity in pipeline systems.(c) B31J, Standard Test Method for Determining Stress Intensification Factors (i-Factors) forMetallic Piping Components, provides a standardized method to develop the stress i
24、ntensificationfactors used in B31 piping analysis.This is B31E, Standard for the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping Systems.Hereafter, in this Introduction and in the text of this B31 Standard, where the word “Standard”is used without specific identification, it means this B31 Standa
25、rd. It is expected that this Standardwill be incorporated by reference into the appropriate sections of B31.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiASME B31E-2008STANDARD FOR THE SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFIT OFABOVE-GROUND PIPING SYSTEMS1 PURPOSEThis Standard establishes a method for the seismicdesign of abov
26、e-ground piping systems in the scope ofthe ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping.1.1 ScopeThis Standard applies to above-ground, metallic pip-ing systems in the scope of the ASME B31 Code forPressure Piping (B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.5, B31.8, B31.9,B31.11). The requirements described in this Standardare
27、 valid when the piping system complies with thematerials, design, fabrication, examination, testing, andinspection requirements of the applicable ASME B31Code section.1.2 Terms and Definitionsactive components: components that must perform anactive function, involving moving parts or controls dur-in
28、g or following the earthquake (e.g., valves, valve actua-tors, pumps, compressors, and fans that must operateduring or following the design earthquake).axial seismic restraint: seismic restraint that acts along thepipe axis.critical piping: piping system that must remain leak tightor operable (see d
29、efinitions) during or following theearthquake.design earthquake: the level of earthquake for which thepiping system is to be designed for to perform a seismicfunction (position retention, leak tightness, oroperability).ductile piping system: in the context of this Standard forseismic qualification,
30、ductile piping system refers to apiping system where the piping, fitting, and componentsare made of material with a minimum elongation atrupture of 15% at the temperature concurrent with theseismic load.free-field seismic input: the ground seismic input at thefacility location.in-structure seismic i
31、nput: the seismic excitation within abuilding or structure, at the elevation of the piping sys-tem attachments to the building or structure.lateral seismic restraints: seismic restraints that act in adirection perpendicular to the pipe axis.1leak tightness: the ability of a piping system to preventl
32、eakage to the environment during or following theearthquake.noncritical piping: piping system other than critical pip-ing that nevertheless must meet the requirements forposition retention.operability: the ability of a piping system to deliver, con-trol (throttle), or shut off flow during or after t
33、he designearthquake.position retention: the ability of a piping system not tofall or collapse in case of design earthquake.seismic design: the activities necessary to demonstratethat a piping system can perform its intended function(position retention, leak tightness, operability, or a com-bination)
34、 in case of design earthquake.seismic function: a function to be specified by the engi-neering design either as position retention, leak tight-ness, or operability.seismic interactions: spatial or system interactions withother structures, systems, or components that may affectthe function of the pip
35、ing system.seismic response spectra: a plot or table of accelerations,velocities, or displacements versus frequencies orperiods.seismic restraint: a device intended to limit seismic move-ment of the piping system.seismic retrofit: the activities involved in evaluating theseismic adequacy of an exist
36、ing piping system and iden-tifying the changes or upgrades required for the pipingsystem to perform its seismic function.seismic static coefficient: acceleration or force staticallyapplied to the piping system to simulate the effect ofthe earthquake.1.3 Required Input(a) The scope and boundaries of
37、piping systems tobe seismically designed or retrofitted.(b) The applicable ASME B31 Code section.(c) The classification of piping as critical or noncriti-cal, and the corresponding seismic function (positionretention for noncritical systems; degree of leak tight-ness, operability, or both for critic
38、al systems).ASME B31E-2008(d) The free-field seismic input (commonly in theform of accelerations) for the design earthquake.(e) The responsibility for developing the in-structureseismic response spectra, where required.(f) The operating conditions concurrent with the seis-mic load.(g) The responsibi
39、lity for qualification of the operabil-ity of active components, where required.(h) The responsibility for the evaluation of seismicinteractions.(i) The responsibility for as-built reconciliation of con-struction deviations from the design documents.2 MATERIALS2.1 ApplicabilityThis Standard applies
40、to metallic ductile piping sys-tems, listed in the applicable ASME B31 Code section.2.2 RetrofitThe seismic retrofit of existing piping systems shalltake into account the condition of the system and itsrestraints. As part of the seismic retrofit, the piping sys-tem shall be inspected to identify def
41、ects in the pipingor its supports and current and anticipated degradationthat could prevent the system from performing its seis-mic function.3 DESIGN3.1 Seismic LoadingThe seismic loading to be applied may be in the formof horizontal and vertical seismic static coefficients, orhorizontal and vertica
42、l seismic response spectra. Theseismic input is to be specified by the engineering designin accordance with the applicable standard (such asASCE 7) or site-specific seismic loading (para. 1.3).The seismic loading shall be specified for each of threeorthogonal directions (typically plant eastwest,nor
43、thsouth, and vertical). The seismic design should bebased on either a three-directional excitation, eastwestplus northsouth plus vertical, combined by square-rootsum of the squares (SRSS), or a two-directional designapproach based on the envelope of the SRSS of theeastwest plus vertical and northsou
44、th plus verticalseismic loading.The seismic loading applied to piping systems insidebuildings or structures shall account for the in-structureamplification of the free-field accelerations by the struc-ture. The in-structure amplification may be determinedbased on applicable standards (such as the in
45、-structureseismic coefficient in ASCE 7) or by a facility-specificdynamic evaluation.The damping for design earthquake response spec-trum evaluation of piping system shall be 5% of criticaldamping.23.2 Design MethodThe method of seismic design is given in Table 1, anddepends on(a) the classification
46、 of the piping system (critical ornoncritical)(b) the magnitude of the seismic input(c) the pipe sizeIn all cases, the designer may elect to seismicallydesign the pipe by analysis, in accordance with para. 3.4.3.3 Design By Rule3.3.1 Where design by rule is permitted in Table 1,the seismic qualifica
47、tion of piping systems may be estab-lished by providing lateral seismic restraints at a maxi-mum spacing given by the following:(a) For U.S. Customary unitsLmaxp the smaller of 1.94 H11547LTa0.25and 0.01 H11547 LTH11547H20906Syaa p peak spectral acceleration, largest in any ofthe three directions, i
48、ncluding in-structureamplification, gLmaxp maximum permitted pipe span between lat-eral seismic restraints, ftLTp reference span, the recommended spanbetween weight supports, from ASME B31.1,Table 121.5 (reproduced in Table 2), ftSYp material yield stress at operating tempera-ture, psi(b) For SI uni
49、tsLmaxp the smaller of 1.94 H11547LTa0.25and 3.33 H11547 LTH11547H20906Syaa p peak spectral acceleration, largest in any ofthe three directions, including in-structureamplification, gLmaxp maximum permitted pipe span between lat-eral seismic restraints, mLTp reference span, the recommended spanbetween weight supports, from ASME B31.1,Table 121.5 (reproduced in Table 2), mSYp material yield stress at operating tempera-ture, MPaThe maximum span Lmaxbetween lateral seismicrestraints for steel pipe with a yield stress SYp 35 ksi(238 MPa), in water service, for several values of laterals
