1、“4. technical guidance, application notes, alternative approaches, tips, techniques, and rules-of-thumb; and example results from fulfilling the requirements of the assessment standard. This guidance document was developed to be used as an application guide on how to utilize ASME EA-4.ASME EA-4 prov
2、ides a standardized framework for conducting an assessment of compressed air systems. A com-pressed air system is defined as a group of subsystems composed of integrated sets of components used to deliver compressed air energy to manufacturing equipment and processes. Assessments performed using the
3、 requirements set by ASME EA-4 involve collecting and analyzing system design, operation, energy use, and performance data and iden-tifying energy performance improvement opportunities for system optimization. These assessments may also include additional information, such as recommendations for imp
4、roving resource utilization, reducing per unit production cost, and improving environmental performance of the assessed system(s). ASME EA-4 provides a common definition for what constitutes an assessment for both users and providers of assess-ment services. The objective is to provide clarity for t
5、hese types of services that have been variously described as energy assessments, energy audits, energy surveys, and energy studies. In all cases, systems (energy-using logical groups of industrial equipment organized to perform a specific function) are analyzed through various techniques such as mea
6、surement, resulting in the identification, documentation, and prioritization of energy performance improvement opportunities. This Guide is part of a portfolio of documents and other efforts designed to improve the energy efficiency of indus-trial facilities. Initially, assessment standards and guid
7、ance documents are being developed for compressed air, process heating, pumping, and steam systems. Other related existing and planned efforts to improve the efficiency of industrial facilities include(a) ASME assessment standards, which set the requirements for conducting and reporting the results
8、of a com-pressed air, process heating, pumping, and steam assessments.(b) a certification program for each ASME assessment standard that recognizes certified practitioners as individu-als who have demonstrated, via a professional qualifying exam, that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to
9、apply the assessment standard properly.(c) an energy management standard, A Management System for Energy, ANSI/MSE 2000:2008, which is a stand-ardized approach to managing energy supply, demand, reliability, purchase, storage, use, and disposal and is used to control and reduce an organizations ener
10、gy costs and energy-related environmental impact.NOTE: ANSI/MSE 2000:2008 will eventually be superseded by ISO 50001, now under development.(d) an ANSI measurement and verification protocol that includes methodologies for verifying the results of energy efficiency projects.(e) a program, Superior En
11、ergy Performance, that will offer an ANSI-accredited certification for energy efficiency through application of ANSI/MSE 2000:2008 and documentation of a specified improvement in energy performance using the ANSI measurement and verification protocol. Superior Energy Performance is now using the ISO
12、 Draft International Standard 50001 for plants. ISO 50001 is not yet final. The Measurement and Verification Protocol is anticipated to be a normative reference to ANSI/MSE 50021 and ANSI/MSE 50028.The complementary documents described above, when used together, will assist organizations seeking to
13、establish and implement company-wide or site-wide energy plans.Publication of this Technical Report that has been registered with ANSI on July 27, 2010 has been approved by ASME. This document is registered as a Technical Report according to the Procedures for the Registration of Technical Reports w
14、ith ANSI. This document is not an American National Standard and the material contained herein is not normative in nature. Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the Managing Director, Technical, Codes and Standards, ASME.vEA INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM ENERGY ASSESSMENT STANDARDS COMMITTE
15、E(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Guide.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. P. Fendt, ChairP. E. Sheaffer, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELJ. A. Almaguer, The Dow Chemical Co.R. D. Bessette, Council of Industrial Boiler OwnersR. L
16、. Crane, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersG. T. Cunningham, Tennessee Tech UniversityT. J. Dunn, Weyerhaeuser Co.F. P. Fendt, The Dow Chemical Co.A. R. Ganji, San Francisco State UniversityJ. C. Ghislain, Ford Motor Co.T. A. Gunderzik, XCEL EnergyS. J. Korellis, Contributing Member, Elect
17、ric Power Research InstituteA. T. McKane, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryW. A. Meffert, Georgia Institute of TechnologyJ. L. Nicol, Science Applications International Corp.J. D. Rees, North Carolina State UniversityP. E. Scheihing, U.S. Department of EnergyP. E. Sheaffer, Resource Dynamics Cor
18、p.V. C. Tutterow, Project Performance Corp. L. Whitehead, Tennessee Valley AuthorityA. L. Wright, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryR. G. Wroblewski, Productive Energy Solutions, LLCA. T. McKane, Chair, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryF. Moskowitz, Vice Chair, Draw Professional ServicesT. F. Taranto
19、, Vice Chair, Data Power Services, LLCP. E. Sheaffer, Secretary, Resource Dynamics Corp.D. Booth, Sullair Corp.M. Chang, Custom Building ProductsT. D. Hyde, Alcoa, Inc.K. J. Keena, National GridD. E. Peace, Shaw Industries Group, Inc.W. Perry, Kaeser Compressors, Inc.W. Scales, Scales Industrial Tec
20、hnologies, Inc.G. H. Shafer, Shafer Consulting Services, Inc.M. D. Smith, Pneu-Logic Corp.M. R. Soderlund, Georgia Institute of TechnologyT. Walker, Baxter HealthcareD. R. Woodward, Weyerhaeuser Co.J. Yarnall, Rogers Machinery Co.PROJECT TEAM EA-4 ENERGY ASSESSMENT FOR COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMSviCORRES
21、PONDENCE WITH THE EA COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME documents are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this technical report may interact with the Committee by proposing revisions and attend-ing Committee meetings. Correspondence shoul
22、d be addressed to:Secretary, EA CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990http:/go.asme.org/InquiryProposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the technical report to incorporate changes that appear nec-essary or desirable, as demonstrat
23、ed by the experience gained from the application of the technical report. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this technical report. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording,
24、 and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.Attending Committee Meetings. The EA Committee holds meetings or telephone conferences, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting or telephone conference should contact the Se
25、cretary of the EA Standards Committee.ASME EA-4G20101GUIDANCE FOR ASME EA-4, ENERGY ASSESSMENT FOR COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS1 SCOPE AND INTRODUCTION1.1 Scope and Purpose1.1.1 Scope. This guidance document was devel-oped to be used as an application guide on how to uti-lize ASME EA-4, Energy Assessment
26、for Compressed Air Systems. This guidance document provides back-ground and supporting information to assist in carrying out the standard. 1.1.2 Purpose. ASME EA-4 does not provide guid-ance on how to perform a compressed air systems energy assessment, but sets the requirements that need to be perfo
27、rmed during the assessment. ASME EA-4 was written in a form suitable for a standard, with con-cise text and without examples or explanations. This document was developed to be used in conjunction with the standard to give basic guidance on how to fulfill the requirements of the standard. This docume
28、nt is only a guide, it does not set any new requirements, and ASME EA-4 can be used with or without this document.1.2 LimitationsThis guidance document does not set any new require-ments for application of ASME EA-4.1.3 Introduction Using the System Assessment StandardASME EA-4 (the standard) is org
29、anized in the follow-ing sections:(a) Section 1: Scope and Introduction. This section includes the scope for the standard, limitations of the standard, and an introduction on how to use the stand-ard that includes information on the systems approach and the system engineering process. Guidance is pr
30、o-vided in section 1 of this document.(b) Section 2: Definitions. This section provides defi-nitions of terms used in the standard. No guidance is provided for this section, although a glossary with defini-tions for additional terms is included as Nonmandatory Appendix A of this document. Section 2
31、of this docu-ment presents key elements and characteristics of indus-trial compressed air systems.(c) Section 3: References. This section lists documents that are referenced in the standard. No guidance is pro-vided for this section of the standard. Section 3 of this document provides background and
32、 rationale for the criteria that define an effective compressed air system assessment.(d) Section 4: Organizing the Assessment. This section outlines requirements on how to organize an assessment including identification of team members and respon-sibilities; requirements for preliminary data collec
33、tion and analysis; and requirements on the development of assessment goals and a plan of action. Guidance is pro-vided in section 4 of this document.(e) Section 5: Conducting the Assessment. This section describes that requirements for conducting an assess-ment (the implementation phase of the plan
34、of action). Guidance is provided in section 5 of this document.(f) Section 6: Analysis of Data From the Assessment. This section presents requirements for analyzing the data col-lected during an assessment, including the development of a baseline profile. Guidance is provided in section 6 of this do
35、cument.(g) Section 7: Reporting and Documentation. This sec-tion provides requirements for information presented in the assessment report. Guidance is provided in section 7 of this document.Guidance on section 1 of ASME EA-4 is provided below. Sections 2 and 3 of this guidance document provide an in
36、troduction to industrial compressed air systems and background/rationale for that criteria that define an effective compressed air system assess-ment. Sections 4 through 7 of this guidance document parallel the sections in the standard at each subhead-ing level.1.3.1 The System Assessment Process. A
37、SME EA-4 presents requirements for compliance when conducting a compressed air system assessment to reduce energy use and improve performance. It also describes a frame-ASME EA-4G20102work for a more extensive system assessment to address performance issues and related energy opportunities. Compress
38、ed air is used in many different industries for many different purposes. No two compressed air systems are the same; therefore, no two compressed air system assessments will be the same. The framework of the standard includes some elements of assessment work that are required for adherence to the st
39、andard. Other assessment activities are described as supplemen-tal elements of the system assessment.Required elements of an assessment apply to virtually all compressed air systems and have direct impact on system energy use.Supplemental elements of an assessment may or may not apply to an individu
40、al compressed air system or primarily affect system performance rather than energy use, or both.Within the framework of the standard, members of the assessment team are responsible to plan the assessment and create a statement of work (SOW) that addresses the technical and business objectives of the
41、 assessment.The standard recognizes that an energy assessment must be economically justified. The framework of the standard is designed to provide flexibility so that the extent of assessment objectives and the rigor of the meth-odology applied are appropriate to the system complex-ity. This will be
42、 different for a small- to mid-size facility with a relatively low amount of compressor horsepower from a large facility. For all systems, it is necessary to assess the entire sys-tem including supply, transmission, and demand. The standard states, “An assessment complying with this Standard need no
43、t address each individual system component or subsystem within an industrial facil-ity with equal weight; however, it must be sufficiently comprehensive to identify the major energy efficiency opportunities for improving the overall energy perform-ance of the system.”A system assessment for small pl
44、ants will take less time and be less costly than assessments for large plants. It is the responsibility of the assessment team to develop an SOW for an individual assessment that makes sense and is economically justified. Refer to para. 4.9 of the standard and this guidance document. The last step i
45、n planning the assessment is to do a goal check for rel-evance, cost effectiveness, and capacity to produce the desired results. The guidance in para. 4.9 suggests seven points to consider.The outcome of the goal-checking activity may deter-mine that the goals can be achieved or may result in modifi
46、cation of the assessment SOW. For users who elect full conformance to the standard, the teams application of the assessment standard may be subject to third-party review by a certified practitioner. To assist with review of the assessment, the assessment team can consider documenting decisions made
47、when determining the SOW. This information can be added as an appendix to the assessment report.A compressed air system assessment must consider diverse needs and priorities. For many stakeholders energy efficiency is a secondary priority. Their highest priority is a reliable compressed air system t
48、hat supports manufacturing equipment and processes; however, energy use and system performance are interrelated. Thus, the key to energy efficiency is frequently related to improving system performance.Compressed air system performance is not always as it seems. Highly visible symptoms often mask th
49、e true underlying root cause of inefficiency and poor perform-ance. Operational solutions often involve increased energy use, whereas root cause analysis will often identify a more energy efficient solution. As a consequence, an effective compressed air system assessment is a discovery process of investigating system operation to baseline energy use, identifying opportunities to improve performance, and reducing energy input to the compressed air system. 1.3.2 System Energy Efficiency. Individual com-ponents of a compressed air system such as compres-sors, air dryers, and filter
