1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME POM 102-2014Operating Walkdowns of Power PlantsASME POM 102-2014OperatingWalkdowns ofPower PlantsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: January 23, 2015This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuanc
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11、ission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2015 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSNotice . ivForeword vCommittee Roster . viCorrespondence With the PAP Committee viiIntr
12、oduction . viii1 Object and Scope 12 Acronyms 13 Guiding Principles 14 Specific Equipment Considerations. 25 Instruments and Methods of Measurement . 26 Report of Results . 2Nonmandatory AppendicesA Gas Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning Systems . 3B Gas Turbines 4C Heat Recovery Steam Generators 5D Wat
13、er Chemistry Sample Panel . 7E Steam Generators . 8F Steam Turbine and Generator 11G Steam Surface Condensers . 12H Air-Cooled Steam Condenser 13I Cooling Towers . 14J Emissions Control Systems 15K Piping Systems . 16L Fuel Delivery Systems Solid Fuels 17M Plant Auxiliary Systems Pumps . 22N Safety
14、Considerations . 25iiiNOTICEThis is not a test code, but instead, it is a Standard that provides guidance to improve the thermalperformance and reliability of operating power plants. Although developed by a Performance TestCode Committee, this document is not a test code because it does not provide
15、guidance for theexecution of a test or the analysis of test data. Instead, this Standard provides procedures toconduct outage inspections to ultimately improve power plant thermal performance and reliabilitybased on the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. It has been develop
16、edby a balanced committee representing all concerned interests.ivFOREWORDASME POM 102, Operating Walkdowns of Power Plants, is the second Standard in a plannedseries of power plant performance operation and maintenance standards supporting knowledgetransfer of current industry experts. Related to an
17、d initially sponsored and staffed by thePerformance Test Code Standards Committee, these standards do not prescribe testing activities,but if followed will assist in the improvement of power plant performance and reliability.In June 2007, the Performance Test Code Standards Committee approved the ch
18、arter for theseries of standards on operation and maintenance activities related to power plant performance.A new committee on Power Plant Availability and Performance (PAP) was initiated in 2014, andthe ASME POM 100 series standards now report through this new committee.This Standard was approved a
19、s an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of StandardsReview on August 15, 2014.vASME PTC COMMITTEEPerformance Test Codes(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. G. Albert, ChairJ. W. Milton, Vice ChairJ. H. Karian
20、, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELP. G. Albert, ConsultantR. P. Allen, ConsultantJ. M. Burns, Burns Engineering ServicesW. C. Campbell, True North Consulting, LLCM. J. Dooley, Alstom PowerG. J. Gerber, ConsultantP. M. Gerhart, University of EvansvilleR. E. Henry, Sargent however, they shouldno
21、t contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when
22、 or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.At
23、tending Committee Meetings. The PAP Standards Committee regularly holds meetingsand/or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meetingand/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the PAP Standards Committee.Future Committee meeting dates and lo
24、cations can be found on the Committee Page atgo.asme.org/PAPcommittee.viiINTRODUCTIONThis Standard on operating walkdowns contains a series of sections, each pertaining to specificequipment and/or systems commonly found in power plants. Inspections covered in this Standardare intended to take place
25、during plant operation. Each section of this Standard can be usedindependently and includes recommendations on what to look for during inspections. For addi-tional information on inspections that can be done when the equipment is out of service, pleaseconsult ASME POM 101-2013, Performance-Related O
26、utage Inspections, which was the firststandard published in the planned series of POM standards.viiiASME POM 102-2014OPERATING WALKDOWNS OF POWER PLANTS1 OBJECT AND SCOPE1.1 ObjectThis Standard provides guidelines for operatingequipment walkdowns that are designed to ultimatelyimprove the thermal pe
27、rformance and efficiency of thepower plant. Following these guidelines may also leadto more proactive maintenance practices, which can alsobe expected to improve the reliability of the plant.1.2 ScopeThis Standard provides guidelines for walkdowns ofpower plants using fossil fuels during operating p
28、eriods.Some portions may be applicable to other types of powerplants.2 ACRONYMSThe following acronyms are used in this Standard:ACC: air-cooled condenserACET: average cold end temperatureAH: air heaterCT: combustion turbine (see also gas turbine)CW: circulating waterDP: differential pressureESP: ele
29、ctrostatic precipitatorFD: forced draft fanGR: gas recirculationGT: gas turbine (see also combustion turbine)HHV: higher heating valueHP: high pressureHRSG: heat recovery steam generatorHVT: high-velocity thermocoupleID: induced draft fanIGV: inlet guide vaneIP: intermediate pressureLOTO: lockout/ta
30、goutLP: low pressureNPSH: net positive suction headOEM: original equipment manufacturerOFA: over-fire air1P do not relyon mental notes. This is critical to ensure all findingswill be included in the inspectionwalkdown report.(c) Obey all site safety rules.3.5 PostinspectionWalkdown ActivitiesThe fol
31、lowing items should be completed immedi-ately following the inspectionwalkdown:(a) Report the significant findings from theinspectionwalkdown to the responsible plant contacts.(b) Report any safety issues found to correct andremove the hazards.(c) Ensure all tools and materials taken on theinspectio
32、nwalkdown are returned to their proper stor-age locations and that nothing was left out in the field.(d) Sign out on the appropriate forms, as needed (suchas LOTO or confined space permits).(e) Document all findings in a report that is retrievablein the future.2(f) Summarize all recommended actions
33、and alertappropriate personnel as needed for implementation.(g) Plan for a reinspectionwalkdown if recom-mended actions require it.4 SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONSAdditional documentation on specific equipment con-siderations is provided in the Appendices.5 INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OFMEASUREMENTTh
34、e following is a list of some of the instrumentationavailable to support operating walkdowns:(a) infrared temperature gun for use in remotetemperature readings(b) thermal imaging camera for use in remotetemperature readings and also helpful for finding placeswith missing insulation(c) digital/photog
35、raphic cameraNOTE: Be sure to take notes with each picture instrument ID,location, time, etc.(d) ultrasonic sound meters for leak detection atvalves(e) portable ultrasonic flowmeters nonintrusivemeters that may offer validation of site metering devices(best used on liquid flows in closed and complet
36、elyfilled pipes)6 REPORT OF RESULTSWhen reporting the results of an operating walkdown,the following information should be included:(a) site information(b) date and time of walkdown(c) names, positions, and affiliations of personsinvolved in walkdown(d) equipment included in walkdown(e) purpose of w
37、alkdown(f) instrumentation used during walkdown(g) analytical methods used, if applicable(h) findings from walkdown(i) conclusions and/or recommendations(j) uncertainty considerations may be applicableto extrapolations of future expectations(k) appendices for data collected in support of walk-down,
38、including(1) raw data and measurements(2) photos(3) drawings or sketches(4) P notethe observable water distribution and any overspray.(d) If an observation port is available near the bellmouth of the compressor, visually verify that completewater-droplet evaporation is occurring. Incompletewater-dro
39、plet evaporation could lead to erosion on thefirst-stage compressor blades.ASME POM 102-2014NONMANDATORY APPENDIX BGAS TURBINESB-1 PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONSGas turbines are air-breathing engines. The expectedperformance of a gas turbine is based on the quantityof air that can be ingested by the com
40、pressor and sentto the turbine section for power generation. A highermass flow of air leads to greater power generation andoften higher efficiencies. When tracking the operatingperformance of a gas turbine, it is best to look at cor-rected performance, such that an apples-to-apples com-parison can b
41、e made over time.Gas turbines are subjected to high operating tempera-tures, especially in the combustion section and the earlystages of the turbine. These high temperatures causenormal degradation in the turbine section. The degrada-tion may be recoverable with normal maintenance prac-tices, but th
42、ere are also some forms of degradation thatare nonrecoverable. Additional performance degrada-tion can be attributed to compressor fouling, which isoften recoverable. Understanding how fast the unit isdegrading relative to expectations will lead to betterpredictive maintenance practices and potentia
43、lly longerparts life (and therefore lower total maintenance costs).B-2 EQUIPMENT WALKDOWNThe following are some items to observe while theunit is operating to verify that you are getting the mostout of your gas turbine:(a) Calculate the current heat rate for the gas turbinein its current operating s
44、tate.4(b) Calculate the compressor efficiency of the gas tur-bine in its current operating state.(c) Note the gross output and IGV angle for the cur-rent operating point. If the gas turbine is on its baseload curve, calculate the corrected output and heat rateof the gas turbine for comparison with d
45、esign values.(d) Note the current setting for the inlet bleed heatvalve (if present). Once the gas turbine reaches a certainload level, the inlet bleed heat valve should be fullyclosed. When this valve is open, warm compressed airis circulated back to the gas turbine inlet, which lowersthe density o
46、f air entering the compressor and reducesthe amount of air available to the turbine for powergeneration.(e) Note the differential pressure across the inlet fil-ters. High inlet-filter pressure loss will result in lostcapacity and higher heat rates.(f) Observe and note the condition of filters.(g) Wa
47、lk around the gas turbine and record anyobservable fluid leaks (air, water, oil, etc.).(h) Walk around the gas turbine and record anyobservable material problems, such as corrosion, loosefittings, or severe vibrations.(i) An additional consideration is that following awater wash, and prior to starti
48、ng the unit, water-washdrains should be verified to be clear, with no standingwater. Standing water may impact instrumentationreadings, leading to poor performance and/or unit trips.ASME POM 102-2014NONMANDATORY APPENDIX CHEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATORSC-1 INTRODUCTIONThis is a general inspectionwalk
49、down procedure forheat recovery steam generators; not all areas or itemswill pertain to every HRSG. If HRSGs contain upperand lower dead air spaces, these will need to be in-spected during an outage to complete the procedure.C-2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONSRefer to Nonmandatory Appendix N.C-3 DUCTWORKAny part of the HRSG exterior that contains flue gasand HRSG tubes is considered ductwork. Ductwork con-figuration varies with each vendor but typically consistsof insulation between liner plates (HRSG interior) thatare held to an external casing by anchor pins. The HRSGgas-t
