1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME PTC 31-2011Revision of ASME PTC 31-1973 (R1991)High-Purity Water Treatment SystemsPerformance Test CodesASME PTC 31-2011High-PurityWater TreatmentSystemsPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDRevision of ASME PTC 31-1973 (R1991)Three Park Avenue New Yor
2、k, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: April 9, 2012This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda issued to PTC 31-2011.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Periodically certain
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12、in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTSNotice vForeword viCommittee Roster viiCorrespondence With the PTC Committee . viiiSection 1 Object and Scope 11-1 Object . 11-2 Scope 11-3 Test Uncertainties 2Section 2 Description and Definition of TermsIon Exchange . 32-1 Definitions . 32-2 References . 10Section 3 Guiding Pri
13、nciples . 123-1 Advance Planning for Test . 123-2 General Description of Test Requirements 123-3 Preliminary Tests . 123-4 Frequency of Observations. 133-5 Duration of Test Runs . 133-6 General Description of Test Procedures . 133-7 Membranes Testing . 153-8 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Operating Performanc
14、e 193-9 Membrane Plant Performance Normalization 21Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement . 244-1 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 244-2 Mechanical Measurements . 244-3 Flowmeter Absence . 244-4 Temperature Measurement 244-5 Loss of Pressure Measurement 244-6 Pressure Loss Across a S
15、ingle Unit/Array or Train of Multiple Units/Arrays Measurement 254-7 Pressure Loss Indication Across a Resin Bed Measurement . 254-8 Chemical Measurements 254-9 Sampling of Water From Influent and Effluent of Water Treatment Equipment . 254-10 Field Sampling of Media 264-11 Field Measurement of Resi
16、n Volume 264-12 Analysis of Ion Exchange Materials 264-13 Sampling for Suspended Solids . 264-14 Ion Exchange Operating Capacity 27Section 5 Interpretation of Results 295-1 Introduction 295-2 Performance Benchmark 325-3 Calculations and Analytical Procedures 325-4 Expression of Specified Performance
17、 and Results of Tests 32Section 6 Report of Tests 336-1 Report of Tests 33ivTables3-6.1.4-1 Resin Volume Change Chemical Form-to-Form . 143-6.3-1 Ion Exchange System Performance Testing . 163-6.4-1 Chemical Measurements During Ion Exchange System Performance Testing . 173-8.2-1 K-Factor for Reverse
18、Osmosis Calculations . 203-8.2-2 SDI Indices 204-13-1 Purge Times Required for Representative Sampling . 275-1.1.1-1 Typical Operating Flow Rates Specifications 305-1.1.1-2 Typical System Flux Rates 30Mandatory AppendicesI Regenerant Purity Requirements for Ion Exchange Materials 35II Suspended Iron
19、 Oxide Solids: Membrane Comparison Charts 38Nonmandatory AppendicesA Sample Calculations 40B Causes of Operating Capacity Reduction 46C Selectivity of Resins . 47vNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes MUST adhere to the requirements of PTC 1, General Instructions. The following infor-mation is based on t
20、hat document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of this Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this Code.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results
21、 of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncer
22、tainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractu
23、al guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interp
24、ret how such comparisons shall be made.viFOREWORDThe ASME Performance Test Codes Committee voted in December 1965 to establish a Test Code Committee for Demineralizers (PTC 31) and later approved as PTC 31 Committees objective, the development of a Test Code that would define the procedures for the
25、accurate testing of ion exchange equipment for determining level of perform-ance. The name of this Committee was changed at the request of PTC Committee No. 31 from Demineralizers to Ion Exchange Equipment on June 12, 1970. Most steam generation cycles, either for process application or utility powe
26、r production, require the use of water treatment equipment. Such equipment may be a simple process application, removing only hardness constituents from water, or may be a relatively complex process employing one or more types of ion exchange resin processes and/or membrane processes each with a hig
27、h degree of instrumentation and control logic. Additionally, such equip-ment is employed in virtually all types of nuclear steam generation cycles, processing water containing not only very high concentrations of impurities, but also treating liquids with impurity concentrations in the range of part
28、s per billion to parts per trillion. Because performance of such process equipment directly influences the efficiency and output of steam generation cycles, a Committee was named by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers to draft a revised Performance Test Code for High-Purity Water Treatment
29、Systems. Members of this Committee were selected on the basis that equipment manufacturers, users, and consultants as well as general interest groups were represented. A draft of this Code was distributed in September 2011 for comment and criticism by industry and other interested individuals. This
30、edition was approved by the PTC Standards Committee on September 2, 2011, and approved and adopted as a Standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Standardization and Testing on October 7, 2011. It was also approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Revi
31、ew on November 21, 2011.viiASME PTC COMMITTEEPerformance Test Codes(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. R. Friedman, ChairJ. W. Milton, Vice ChairJ. H. Karian, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELP. G. Albert, General El
32、ectric Co. F. H. Light, Honorary Member, ConsultantR. P. Allen, Consultant M. P. McHale, McHale however, they should not contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently ch
33、ange the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. AS
34、ME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construc-tion, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The PTC Standards Committee and PTC Committees hold meetings regularly, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the
35、 Secretary of the PTC Committee.ASME PTC 31-201111-1 OBJECT1-1.1 This Code defines the procedures for the accurate field testing of high-purity water treatment systems for the purpose of determining level of performance. It is based on the use of accurate instrumentation and the best ana-lytical and
36、 measurement procedures available. 1-1.2 This Code is recommended for use in conducting acceptance tests of high-purity water treatment systems. If so used, any deviations from Code procedure must be agreed upon in writing. In the absence of written agree-ment, the Code requirements shall be mandato
37、ry. Upon completion of tests, the report issued should provide all necessary base line data against which all future operational test results can be measured to assess deterioration of performance in the interim. 1-1.3 Before formulating the procedure for testing a specific process or system, the Co
38、de on General Instructions PTC 1 should be studied and followed in detail. 1-1.4 The Code on Definitions and Values (PTC 2) defines certain technical terms and numerical constants. Unless otherwise specified in this Code, instrumentation should comply with the sections of Supplements on Instruments
39、and Apparatus (PTC 19 Series).1-2 SCOPEOnly the relevant portion of this Code need apply to any individual case or test under consideration. In some cases the procedure is simple; however, for com-plex systems or complex modes of system operation, the procedures and calculations of test results requ
40、ire more involved provisions for testing.1-2.1 This Code is applicable to the following types of high-purity water treatment systems, which are either used individually or in various combinations depending on requirements of the process:(a) membrane equipment including but not limited to, microfiltr
41、ation, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis(b) ion exchange equipment including, but not limited to, softeners, dealkalizers, multibed demineralizers, mixed-bed demineralizers, and condensate polishers(c) hybrid equipment including, but not limited to, elec-trode ionization (EDI) and
42、 electrodialysis reversal (EDR).1-2.2 This Code applies to equipment and systems that are utilized for (a) the conditioning of makeup, feedwater, and con-densate for steam generation(b) the conditioning of process waters1-2.3 This Code applies to the performance of high-purity water treatment system
43、s at design, minimum flow rates or maximum flow rates, depending on the purpose of the test, with regard to one or more of the following:(a) water quality and quantity of influent and effluent(b) pressure drop, flow, and temperature(c) startup, shutdown, and lay-up procedure (d) operating efficiency
44、 (e) media testing(f) media cleaning and maintenance (g) chemical purity and solution concentrations(h) associated chemical equipmentHIGH-PURITY WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSSection 1Object and ScopeASME PTC 31-201121-3 TEST UNCERTAINTIES1-3.1 Expected test uncertainties cannot be established because of t
45、he inability to control operating parameters that are the causes of the uncertainty. The following is a partial list of parameters that may impact the test uncertainty: (a) seasonal variations in influent water characteristics (b) aging of equipment and media(c) operator interface1-3.2 As stated in
46、subsection 1.1, this Code primarily pro-vides guidance in the design and operation of the high-purity water treatment systems. Section 5 is included to identify dominant sources of errors and their effect on the test results but not serve to validate the quality of the results.ASME PTC 31-201132-1 D
47、EFINITIONSacidity: expression of the concentration of hydrogen ions present in a solution. alkalinity: expression of the total basic anions (hydroxyl groups) present in a solution. It also represents, particu-larly in water analysis, the bicarbonate, carbonate, and occasionally, the borate, silicate
48、, and phosphate salts that will react with water to produce the hydroxyl groups.alkalinity “M” (total alkalinity): the total titratable alkalin-ity down to the pH of 4.3. It represents hydroxide car-bonate and bicarbonate ions in the water.alkalinity “P” (phenolphthalein): the titratable alkalinity
49、down to pH 8.2. It represents the hydroxide and carbon-ate ions in the water.amine cycle: operation of a cation exchange cycle in condensate polishers wherein the removal of specified cations from the influent condensate is accomplished by exchange with an equivalent amount of amine ion from the exchange material.anion: negatively charged ion, such as chloride (Cl2), sul-fate (SO42), nitrate (NO32), carbonate (CO32), fluoride (F2), bromine (Br2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and silica (SiO2). anion exchange material: ion exchange material capable of the reversible exchange of
