1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME RAM-22016Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability Program Development Process for Existing Power PlantsASME RAM-22016Reliability, Availability,and MaintainabilityProgram DevelopmentProcess for ExistingPower PlantsxAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDxDate of Issuanc
2、e: June 12, 2017This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Periodically certainactionsoftheASMERAMCommitteemaybepublishedasCases.Casesandinterpretatio
3、nsarepublishedontheASMEWebsiteunder the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide corrections toincorrectlypublisheditems,ortocorrecttypographicalorgrammaticalerrorsincodesandsta
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5、g “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.ThiscodeorstandardwasdevelopedunderproceduresaccreditedasmeetingthecriteriaforAmericanNationalStandards.TheStandardsCommitteethatapprovedthecodeorstandardwasbalancedto
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7、es not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in thisdocument,anddoesnotundertaketoinsureanyoneutilizingastandardagainstl
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9、 or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industryendorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME proceduresand policies, which precludes the issuanc
10、e of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2017 byTHE AME
11、RICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivCommittee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vCorrespondence With the RAM Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 RAM Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . 36 Predevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Implementation . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Mandatory AppendicesI RAM Process Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12FiguresI-1 Overall Program Development . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13I-2 Custom Template Development Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14I-3 Program Predevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15I-4 Program Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16I-5 Program Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. 17I-6 Program Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18iiiFOREWORDThepurposeofthisStandardistoprovideaprogramdevelopmentprocesstocomplementthehigher-levelreliability,availability, and maintainability (RAM) program
21、 described in ASME RAM-1. This Standard describes one way to imple-ment a RAM program in an existing power plant.The concept of RAM is based on the fundamental principle that power plant availability is a necessary goal. Plantpersonnelareresponsibleforensuringavailabilitybyprotectingthefunctionalper
22、formanceofcriticalequipment.Thisisdone by finding the ideal balance between reliable engineering design, proper equipment operations, and effective andefficientmaintenanceatthebesttime.TheRAMprogramisdesignedtoaddresseachofthesepointsinapracticalwaythatachieves measurable, real-life availability goa
23、ls.Byaddressingreliabilityandmaintainability,ASMERAM-2providesaprocessfordevelopingacompleteandeffectiveavailability program. It follows a risk-informed, performance-based approach. Risk calculations, expert opinion, andfailure experience identify risks inherent with the design, which are then used
24、to develop an effective scheduled main-tenance and monitoring program.TraditionaltermsaddressingRAM-relatedworkincludepreventivemaintenance,scheduledmaintenance,operationsmonitoring, and rounds. This Standard assists those responsible for programs that manage equipment assets byproviding directly ac
25、tionable guidance. This guidance should help power plants develop efficient, effective reliabilityand maintainability programs. It can also support the development of efficient, reliable maintenance for new designs.This Standard assumes plant practices follow manuals, industry standards, and related
26、 asset management guidance.The RAM program is intended to control practices that influence results, following established industry practices. ThisRAM Standard does not cover human performance.ASME RAM-22016 was approved by the RAM Standards Committee, under the jurisdiction of the Board onStandardiz
27、ation and Testing, on September 13, 2016, and approved by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI) as an American National Standard on December 2, 2016.ivASME RAM COMMITTEEReliability, Availability, and Maintainability of Power Plants(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time o
28、f approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. M. Wodka, ChairJ. K. August, Vice ChairR. Crane, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELA. Al Jafri, ConsultantJ. K. August, Southern NuclearR. Crane, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersW. F. Ebner, AIGM. A. Fisher, R. W. Beck, Inc.
29、E. Gruber, GRU ConsultingN. Kumar, Intertek AIMN. Malcolm, Alcoa Power GeneratingR. Pietrowski, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc.M. Raza, Alstom PowerG. J. Stawniczy, AECOM Corp.B. M. Wodka, RMF EngineeringvCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE RAM COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and mainta
30、ined with the intent to represent the consensus of concernedinterests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposingrevisions or a case, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:Secretary, RAM Standards Committ
31、eeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990http:/go.asme.org/InquiryProposingRevisions. Revisionsare madeperiodicallytothe Standardtoincorporatechangesthat appearnecessaryordesirable,asdemonstratedbytheexperiencegainedfromtheapplicationoftheStandard.Approvedr
32、evisionswillbepublished periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible,citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal,including any pertinent documentatio
33、n.ProposingaCase. Casesmaybeissuedtoprovidealternativeruleswhenjustified,topermitearlyimplementationofanapprovedrevisionwhentheneedisurgent,ortoproviderulesnotcoveredbyexistingprovisions.Casesareeffectiveimmediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page.Requests for C
34、ases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request should identify theStandard and the paragraph, figure, or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format asexisting Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of t
35、he Standard to which the proposedCase applies.Interpretations. Uponrequest,theRAMStandardsCommitteewillrenderaninterpretationofanyrequirementoftheStandard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the RAMStandards Committee.Requests for interpret
36、ation should preferably be submitted through the online Interpretation Submittal Form. Theformisaccessibleathttp:/go.asme.org/InterpretationRequest.Uponsubmittaloftheform,theInquirerwillreceiveanautomatic e-mail confirming receipt.If the Inquirer is unable to use the online form, he/she may mail the
37、 request to the Secretary of the RAM StandardsCommittee at the above address. The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further rec-ommended that the Inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic
38、of the inquiry in one or two words.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable forgeneralunderstandinganduse,notasarequestforanapprovalofapropr
39、ietarydesignorsituation.Pleaseprovideacondensedandprecisequestion,composedinsuchawaythata“yes” or “no” reply is acceptable.Proposed Reply(ies): Provide a proposed reply(ies) in the form of “Yes” or “No,” with explanation as needed. Ifentering replies to more than one question, please number the ques
40、tions and replies.Background Information: Provide the Committee with any background information that will assist the Committee inunderstanding the inquiry. The Inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that arenecessarytoexplainthequestion;however,theyshouldnotcontainproprietarynamesorinformat
41、ion.viRequeststhatarenotintheformatdescribedabovemayberewrittenintheappropriateformatbytheCommitteepriorto being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASMEproceduresprovideforreconsiderationofanyinterpretationwhenorifadditionalinformationthatmightaffectan interp
42、retation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASMECommitteeorSubcommittee.ASMEdoesnot“approve,”“certify,”“rate,”or“endorse”anyitem,construction,proprietarydevice, or activity.AttendingCommitteeMeetings. TheRAMStandardsCommitteeregularlyholdsmeetin
43、gsand/ortelephoneconfer-encesthatareopentothepublic.Personswishingtoattendanymeetingand/ortelephoneconferenceshouldcontacttheSecretary of the RAM Standards Committee.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiRELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, AND MAINTAINABILITYPROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROCESSFOR EXISTING POWER PLANTS1 INT
44、RODUCTIONA reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM)program is a structured way to identify and deliver theRAMrequirementsofapowerplantinthemostcost-effec-tive manner. This Standard provides guidance for theprogram implementation portion of the RAM processdescribed in ASME RAM-1. It is in
45、tended to implementa comprehensive availability assurance program. ThisStandard is intended for existing facilities.2 SCOPEThis Standard amplifies and clarifies the requirementsof ASME RAM-1 for implementing a RAM program for apower-generation facility. This Standard assists in devel-oping program g
46、oals, identifying a master equipment list(MEL) to load into the enterprise asset managementsystem (EAMS), and populating scheduling systemswith finished content as complete work orders that arereadytoperformwork.ARAMprogramincludeshierarch-ical breakdown of the facility, tagging of equipment (i.e.,c
47、omponents), risk categorization of systems and equip-menttags,developmentofcommonstandardsforcompo-nents, and customization for similar context locations inthe plant. This Standard finalizes work organization astask lists in work orders, routes, and rounds. It providesa process to implement ASME RAM
48、-1 based on termi-nology and methodology used in power plants.This Standard addresses the following:(a) equipment assessment for risk(b) asset tagging(c) template selection and application(d) equipment asset management software(e) development and organization of work (e.g., devel-opment of operating
49、 procedures, rounds, and workorders)(f) RAM program plans(g) training required to implement the program3 PURPOSEThe purpose of this Standard is to provide informationto enable plant personnel to develop an effective RAMprocess in accordance with ASME RAM-1. An effectiveRAM program ensures that critical plant equipmentperforms cost-effectively as intended by design. ThisStandard provides an all-encompassing RAM supportprocess that develops simple, clearly worded RAManalysis in accordance with ASME RAM-1.4 DEFINITIONSThefollowingisalistoftermsrelatingtotheimplemen-tation and use of RAM
