1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY P.O. BOX 3005 MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005 ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General st
2、atistical terms and terms used in probability Approved as an American National Standard by: American Society for Quality December 3, 2007 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with is scope and provisions. An American National
3、 Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or
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6、O/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)iii 2007 by ASQCopyright Protection Notice for the ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3434-1:2006 Standard.This standard is subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI, and ASQ. Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without th
7、e prior written permission of ASQ. All requests pertaining to the ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3434-1:2006Standard should be submitted to ASQ.Note: As used in this document, the term “International Standard” refers to the American National Standard adoption of this and other International Standards.ASQ will conside
8、r requests for change and information on the submittal of such requests regarding this Standard. All requests should be in writing to the attention of the Standards administrator at the address below.ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual and organizational performance exc
9、ellence worldwide by providing opportunities for learning, quality improvement, and knowledge exchange.Published by:COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENTANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)ivAlso available from ASQ Quality Press: StatisticsVocabulary and symbolsPart 2: Applied Statistics ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-2:2006 Stat
10、isticsVocabulary and symbolsPart 3: Design of experiments ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-3:1999 Glossary and Tables for Statistical Quality Control, Fourth Edition ASQ Statistics Division Process Quality Control: Troubleshooting and Interpretation of Data, Fourth Edition Ellis R. Ott, Edward G. Schilling, and De
11、an V. Neubauer Applied Statistics for the Six Sigma Green Belt H. Fred Walker and Bhisham C. Gupta Design of Experiments with Minitab Paul Mathews Innovative Control Charting: Practical SPC Solutions for Todays Manufacturing Environment Stephen A. Wise and Douglas C. Fair The Weibull Analysis Handbo
12、ok, Second Edition Bryan Dodson To request a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http:/www.asq.org/quality-press. ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)v(This page is intentionally left blank.) Contents Page Foreword. vIntroduction viiScope 11 Ge
13、neral statistical terms 22 Terms used in probability 37Annex A (informative) Symbols 81Annex B (informative) Statistical concept diagrams 84Annex C (informative) Probability concept diagrams. 90Annex D (informative) Methodology used in the development of the vocabulary 94Bibliography . 101Alphabetic
14、al index . 102French alphabetical index (Index alphabtique). 104ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)viiSommaire Page Avant-propos.viIntroduction .viiiDomaine dapplication .11 Termes statistiques gnraux .22 Termes utiliss en probabilit .37Annexe A (informative) Symboles.81Annexe B (informative) Diagrammes de
15、concept84Annexe C (informative) Diagramme de concept de probabilit .90Annexe D (informative) Mthodologie utilise pour laborer le vocabulaire .94Bibliographie 101Index alphabtique anglais (Alphabetical index) 102Index alphabtique.104ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)viiiForeword ISO (the International Organ
16、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish
17、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
18、 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pu
19、blication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
20、t rights. ISO 3534-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods,Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology and symbols.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3534-1:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 3534 consists of the following part
21、s, under the general title Statistics Vocabulary and symbols: Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability Part 2: Applied statistics Part 3: Design of experiments ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)ixAvant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdration mondia
22、le dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres de lISO). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie aux comits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intress par une tude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouver
23、nementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO collabore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans l
24、es Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale des comits techniques est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniques sont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 7
25、5 % au moins des comits membres votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO ne saurait tre tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et aver
26、ti de leur existence. LISO 3534-1 a t labore par le comit technique ISO/TC 69, Application des mthodes statistiques,sous-comit SC 1, Terminologie et symboles.Cette deuxime dition annule et remplace la premire dition (ISO 3534-1:1993), qui a fait lobjet dune rvision technique. LISO 3534 comprend les
27、parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles: Partie 1: Termes statistiques gnraux et termes utiliss en calcul des probabilits Partie 2: Statistique applique Partie 3: Plans dexprience ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)xIntroduction The current versions of ISO 3534-1
28、and ISO 3534-2 are intended to be compatible. They share the common goal of restricting their respective mathematical levels to the minimum levels necessary to attain coherent, correct and concise definitions. Part 1 on terms used in probability and statistics is fundamental, so by necessity is pres
29、ented at a somewhat sophisticated mathematical level. Recognizing that users of ISO 3534-2 or other TC 69 standards on applied statistics may occasionally consult this part of ISO 3534 for the definition of certain terms, several of the terms are described in a less technical manner within the notes
30、 and are illustrated with examples. Although these informal descriptions are not a substitute for formal definitions, they may provide a working, layman definition of concepts, thus serving the needs of multiple users of these terminology standards. To accommodate further the applied user who normal
31、ly would be involved with standards such as ISO 3534-2 or ISO 5725, for example, notes and examples are offered to make this part of ISO 3534 more accessible. A well-defined and reasonably complete set of probability and statistical terms is essential to the development of and effective use of stati
32、stical standards. The definitions provided here must be sufficiently accurate and mathematically sophisticated to enable statistical standards developers to avoid ambiguities. Of course, more detailed explanations of concepts, their contexts and their realms of application can be found in introducto
33、ry probability and statistics textbooks. Concept diagrams are provided in an informative annex for each group of terms: 1) general statistical terms (in Annex B) and 2) terms used in probability (in Annex C). There are six concept diagrams for general statistical terms and four concept diagrams for
34、terms related to probability. Some terms appear in multiple diagrams to provide a link from one set of concepts to another. Annex D provides a brief introduction to Concept Diagrams and their interpretation. These diagrams were instrumental in constructing this revision as they assist in delineating
35、 the interrelationships of the various terms. These diagrams are also likely to be useful in translating the standard into other languages. As a general comment with respect to much of the standard, unless otherwise indicated, the definitions relate to the one-dimensional (univariate) case. This pro
36、vision is admitted here to eliminate the need to mention repetitively the one-dimensional scope for most of the definitions. ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)xiIntroduction Les versions actuelles de lISO 3534-1 et de lISO 3534-2 sont destines tre compatibles. Elles partagent lobjectif commun de rduire leu
37、rs niveaux mathmatiques au strict minimum pour obtenir des dfinitions cohrentes, correctes et concises. La prsente partie de lISO 3534, relative aux termes utiliss dans le domaine des probabilits et des statistiques, est fondamentale et se prsente de ce fait un niveau mathmatique relativement sophis
38、tiqu. Dans la mesure o les utilisateurs de lISO 3534-2 ou dautres normes du TC 69 relatives la statistique applique peuvent avoir consulter la prsente partie de lISO 3534, pour certains termes, les notes figurant la suite des termes sont rdiges de manire moins technique et sont illustres par des exe
39、mples. Bien que ces notes informelles ne remplacent nullement des dfinitions formelles, elles peuvent donner une dfinition de travail non technique des concepts et ainsi rpondre aux besoins des nombreux utilisateurs de ces normes terminologiques. Des notes et des exemples sont ainsi proposs pour fac
40、iliter la comprhension de la prsente partie de lISO 3534, et sadapter davantage lutilisateur spcialiste qui, normalement, serait amen consulter des normes telles que lISO 3534-2 ou lISO 5725. Un ensemble correctement dfini et suffisant de termes de probabilit et de termes statistiques est fondamenta
41、l pour llaboration et lutilisation efficace des normes statistiques. Les dfinitions du prsent document doivent tre suffisamment prcises et dun niveau mathmatique assez sophistiqu pour permettre aux rdacteurs de normes statistiques dviter toute ambigut. De plus amples explications des concepts, de le
42、urs contextes ainsi que de leurs domaines dapplication peuvent naturellement tre retrouves en consultant les livres dintroduction la probabilit et aux statistiques. Des diagrammes de concepts sont fournis dans une annexe informative pour chaque groupe de termes: 1) termes statistiques gnraux (voir A
43、nnexe B) et 2) termes utiliss en probabilit (voir Annexe C). Il existe six diagrammes de concepts pour les termes statistiques gnraux et quatre diagrammes de concepts pour les termes relatifs la probabilit. Certains des termes apparaissent dans plusieurs de ces diagrammes afin de fournir un lien per
44、mettant de passer dun groupe de concepts un autre groupe de concepts. LAnnexe D fournit une introduction succincte aux Diagrammes de concept et leur interprtation. Ces diagrammes ont t utiliss comme outils pour llaboration de cette rvision dans la mesure o ils aident au cadrage des interrelations en
45、tre les diffrents termes. Ces diagrammes sont galement susceptibles dtre utiles la traduction de la norme dans dautres langues. Dune manire gnrale, eu gard au contenu global de la norme, et sauf indication contraire, les dfinitions font rfrence au cas une dimension ( une variable). Cette disposition
46、 est admise dans le prsent document afin dviter la rptition obligatoire de la porte unidimensionnelle de la plupart des dfinitions. ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)xiiINTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ANSI/ISO/ASQ 3534-1:2006(E)Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1:General statistical terms
47、and terms used in probability Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 1:Termes statistiques gnraux et termes utiliss en calcul des probabilits ScopeThis part of ISO 3534 defines general statistical terms and terms used in probability which may be used in the drafting of other International Standa
48、rds. In addition, it defines symbols for a limited number ofthese terms. The terms are classified as: a) general statistical terms (Clause 1); b) terms used in probability (Clause 2). Annex A gives a list of symbols and abbreviations recommended to be used for this part of ISO 3534. The entries in this part of ISO 3534 are arranged in association with concept diagrams provided as Annexes B and C. Domaine dapplication La prsente partie de lISO 3534 dfinit les termes statistiques gnraux et les termes utiliss en calcul des probabilits susceptibles dtre utiliss dans la rdactio
