1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY P.O. BOX 3005 MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005 ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2
2、006(E)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Approved as an American National Standard by: American Society for Quality August 16,
3、2006 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with is scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National
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5、ain the latest edition. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publicati
6、on. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling of writing the American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)iii 2006 by ASQCopyright Protection Notice for the ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) Standard.This standard is subj
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8、o ASQ.Note: As used in this document, the term “International Standard” refers to the American National Standard adoption of this and other International Standards.ASQ will consider requests for change and information on the submittal of such requests regarding this Standard. All requests should be
9、in writing to the attention of the Standards administrator at the address below.ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual and organizational performance excellence worldwide by providing opportunities for learning, quality improvement, and knowledge exchange.Published by:ANSI
10、/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)ivAlso available from ASQ Quality Press: ANSI/ASQ E4-2004: Quality systems for environmental data and technology programs Requirements with guidance for use ANSI/ASQ ANSI/ISO/ASQ QE19011S-2004: Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing ANSI/ISO/
11、ASQ Effective Implementation of ISO 14001 Marilyn Block Clean, Green and Read All Over: Ten Rules for Effective Corporate Environmental and Sustainability Reporting J. Emil Morhardt ISO 14015:2001 Environmental Management: Environmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO) ISO The Management
12、 System Auditors Handbook Joe Kausek To request a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http:/qualitypress.asq.org. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)v(This page is intentionally left blank.) Contents Page1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 13 P
13、rinciples 53.1 General . 53.2 Relevance . 53.3 Completeness 53.4 Consistency . 53.5 Accuracy 53.6 Transparency . 53.7 Conservativeness 54 Introduction to GHG projects . 55 Requirements for GHG projects . 95.1 General requirements . 95.2 Describing the project 95.3 Identifying GHG sources, sinks and
14、reservoirs relevant to the project . 105.4 Determining the baseline scenario 105.5 Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for the baseline scenario 105.6 Selecting relevant GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for monitoring or estimating GHG emissions and removals . 115.7 Quantifying GHG emissi
15、ons and/or removals 115.8 Quantifying GHG emission reductions and removal enhancements . 115.9 Managing data quality . 125.10 Monitoring the GHG project . 125.11 Documenting the GHG project . 125.12 Validation and/or verification of the GHG project 125.13 Reporting the GHG project . 13Annex A (infor
16、mative) Guidance on the use of this part of ISO 14064 14Annex B (informative) Greenhouse gas global warming potentials 27Bibliography . 28ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)viiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member
17、 bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a
18、ndnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, P
19、art 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
20、a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 14064-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management.ISO 14064 c
21、onsists of the following parts, under the general title Greenhouse gases: Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhousegas emissions and removals Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and
22、 reporting ofgreenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertionsANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)viiiIntroduction0.1 Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenges facing nat
23、ions, governments,business and citizens over future decades. Climate change has implications for both human and naturalsystems and could lead to significant changes in resource use, production and economic activity. In response,international, regional, national, and local initiatives are being devel
24、oped and implemented to limit greenhousegas (GHG) concentrations in the Earths atmosphere. Such GHG initiatives rely on the quantification,monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG emissions and/or removals.ISO 14064-1 details principles and requirements for designing, developing, managing and r
25、eportingorganization or company-level GHG inventories. It includes requirements for determining GHG emissionboundaries, quantifying an organizations GHG emissions and removals and identifying specific companyactions or activities aimed at improving GHG management. It also includes requirements and g
26、uidance oninventory quality management, reporting, internal auditing and the organizations responsibilities in verificationactivities.This part of ISO 14064 focuses on GHG projects or project-based activities specifically designed to reduceGHG emissions or increase GHG removals. It includes principl
27、es and requirements for determining projectbaseline scenarios and for monitoring, quantifying and reporting project performance relative to the baselinescenario. It provides the basis for GHG projects to be validated and verified.ISO 14064-3 details principles and requirements for verifying GHG inve
28、ntories and validating or verifying GHGprojects. ISO 14064-3 describes the process for GHG-related validation or verification and specifiescomponents such as validation or verification planning, assessment procedures and the evaluation oforganization or project GHG assertions. ISO 14064-3 can be use
29、d by organizations or independent parties tovalidate or verify GHG assertions.Figure 1 displays relationships among the three parts of ISO 14064.0.2 ISO 14064 is expected to benefit organizations, governments, project proponents and stakeholdersworldwide by providing clarity and consistency for quan
30、tifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or verifyingGHG inventories or projects. Specifically, use of ISO 14064 could enhance the environmental integrity of GHG quantification, enhance the credibility, consistency, and transparency of GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting,including GHG
31、project emission reductions and removal enhancements, facilitate the development and implementation of organization GHG management strategies and plans, facilitate the development and implementation of GHG projects, facilitate the ability to track performance and progress in the reduction of GHG emi
32、ssions and/or increase inGHG removals, and facilitate the crediting and trade of GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements.Users of ISO 14064 could find benefit from some of the following applications:a) corporate risk management: for example, the identification and management of risks and opp
33、ortunities;b) voluntary initiatives: for example, participation in voluntary GHG registry or reporting initiatives;c) GHG markets: for example, the buying and selling of GHG allowances or credits;d) regulatory/government reporting: for example, credit for early action, negotiated agreements or natio
34、nalreporting programmes.ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)ix0.3 A standardized approach for quantification, monitoring and reporting is required for GHG projects and anyresulting GHG emission reductions and/or removal enhancements, in order that they are comparable amongintended users and GHG programmes.
35、 Accordingly, this part of ISO 14064 specifies a general, GHGprogramme-neutral framework and uses terms and concepts designed to be compatible with otherrequirements and guidance from relevant GHG policies and programmes, good practice, legislation andstandards. Reference 13 provides an example of g
36、ood practice guidance.This part of ISO 14064 deals with the concept of additionality by requiring that the GHG project has resulted inGHG emission reductions or removal enhancements in addition to what would have happened in the absenceof that project. It does not use the term “additionality”, presc
37、ribe baseline procedures or specify additionalitycriteria. This part of ISO 14064 requires the project proponent to identify and select GHG sources, sinks andreservoirs relevant for the GHG project and for the baseline scenario. In order to be compatible with thebroadest range of GHG programmes, it
38、does not use the term “boundaries” to describe which GHG sources,sinks and/or reservoirs are considered for quantification, monitoring and reporting, but instead uses the conceptFigure 1 Relationship between the parts of ISO 14064ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)xof relevant GHG sources, sinks and/or re
39、servoirs. Thus the project proponent may apply additionality criteriaand procedures, or define and use boundaries consistent with relevant legislation, policy, GHG programmesand good practice.Quantification and monitoring of project-level GHG emissions, removals, emission reductions and removalenhan
40、cements is challenging because actual project performance is assessed against a hypothetical baselinescenario that represents what would have happened in the absence of the GHG project. Consequently, it isdifficult to verify GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks of the baseline scenario. It is there
41、fore important todemonstrate that the baseline scenario is consistent with the principles of this part of ISO 14064, includingconservativeness and accuracy, in order to increase the level of confidence that GHG emission reductionsand/or removal enhancements are credible and not over-estimated. Gener
42、ally, the baseline scenario isdetermined on the basis of an assessment of alternative scenarios. For both the project and the baselinescenario, the quantification, monitoring and reporting of GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks by GHGsources, sinks and reservoirs is based on procedures developed b
43、y the project proponent or adopted fromrecognized authorities.0.4 This part of ISO 14064 does not specify requirements for validation/verification bodies orvalidators/verifiers in providing assurance against GHG assertions or claims by GHG projects. Suchrequirements may be specified by the authority
44、 of the applicable GHG programme or can be found inISO 14064-3. The process to recognize certified GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements as GHGunits, credits or offsets is an extension of the GHG project cycle. The certification and crediting process, whichmay be under the authority of a G
45、HG programme and may vary among GHG programmes, is also not includedin the specifications of this part of ISO 14064.Annex A contains additional information in cases where the project proponent wishes to conform to the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocols Cle
46、an DevelopmentMechanism (CDM) or Joint Implementation (JI) Mechanism.0.5 Some clauses require users of this part of ISO 14064 to explain the use of certain approaches or decisionstaken. Explanation will generally include documentation of the following: How approaches were used or decisions taken. Wh
47、y approaches were chosen or decisions made.Some clauses require users of this part of ISO 14064 to justify the use of certain approaches or decisionstaken. Justification will generally include documentation of the following: How approaches were used or decisions taken. Why approaches were chosen or
48、decisions made. Why alternative approaches were not chosen.ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)xiINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)Greenhouse gases Part 2:Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or
49、 removal enhancements1ScopeThis part of ISO 14064 specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance at the project level forquantification, monitoring and reporting of activities intended to cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionreductions or removal enhancements. It includes requirements for planning a GHG project, identifying andselecting GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant to the project and baseline scenario, monitoring,quantifying, documenting and reporting GHG project performance and managing data qualit
