1、Designation: D1675 18Standard Test Methods forPolytetrafluoroethylene Tubing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing poly-tetrafluoroet
3、hylene tubing for use as electrical insulation. Theprocedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsASTMMethodsConditioning 7 .Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 28 30 D149, D876Inside Diameter 8 13 D876Mandrel Bend Test 46 52 D149, D876Melting Point 41 45 D3418, D4895Penetration Test 26 and
4、27 D876Specific Gravity 36 40 D792, D1505Strain Relief 3135 .Volatile Loss 2025 .Wall Thickness 1419 .NOTE 1These test methods are similar but not identical to those inIEC 606842.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standardexcept for temperature, which is stated in degrees Celsius.Valu
5、es in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicabi
6、lity of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see Section 5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standar
7、ds, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power Frequencie
8、sD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD876 Test Methods for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride PolymerTubing Used for Electrical InsulationD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1711 Terminology Relating to Electr
9、ical InsulationD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used inElectrical ApparatusD4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)Resin Produced Fro
10、m DispersionE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 IEC Standards606842 Flexible Insulating SleevesPart 2: Methods ofTest33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions pertaining to electrical insulation, referto Terminology D1711.3.1.2 For definitions pertaining to fire standards, refer toTermi
11、nology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May
12、 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1675 03 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D1675-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
13、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 1
14、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and
15、Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.1 apparent melting point, nthe temperature at whichthe appearance of the plastic changes from opaque to transpar-ent.3.2.2 strain relief, na dimensional change brought aboutby subjecting the tubin
16、g to an elevated temperature.3.2.3 volatile loss, nthe reduction in weight by vaporiza-tion under controlled conditions.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test methods in this standard are considered impor-tant to characterize polytetrafluoroethylene tubing. They areintended primarily for, but not limit
17、ed to polytetrafluoroethyl-ene tubing.4.2 Variations in these methods or alternate contemporarymethods of measurement may be used to determine the valuesfor the properties in this standard provided such methodsensure quality levels and measurement accuracy equal to orbetter than those prescribed her
18、ein. It is the responsibility ofthe organizations using alternate test methods to be able todemonstrate this condition. In cases of dispute, the methodsspecified herein shall be used.NOTE 2Provision for alternate methods is necessary because of (1) thedesire to simplify procedures for specific appli
19、cations, and (2) the desireto eliminate redundant testing and use data generated during manufactur-ing process control, including that generated under Statistical ProcessControl (SPC) conditions, using equipment and methods other than thosespecified herein. An example would be the use of laser micro
20、meters oroptical comparators to measure dimensions.5. Hazards5.1 Lethal voltages may be present during this test. It isessential that the test apparatus, and all associated equipmentthat may be electrically connected to it, be properly designedand installed for safe operation. Solidly ground all ele
21、ctricallyconductive parts that any person might come in contact withduring the test. Provide means for use at the completion of anytest to ground any parts which: were at high voltage during thetest; may have acquired an induced charge during the test; mayretain a charge even after disconnection of
22、the voltage source.Thoroughly instruct all operators in the proper way to conducttests safely. When making high voltage tests, particularly incompressed gas or in oil, the energy released at breakdownmay be suffcient to result in fire, explosion, or rupture of thetest chamber. Design test equipment,
23、 test chambers, and testspecimens so as to minimize the possibility of such occurrencesand to eliminate the possibility of personal injury. See Section28.5.2 Toxic Chemicals from Thermal Decomposition:5.2.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene at temperatures above 200Cmay produce sufficient toxic vapors to be h
24、azardous in aconfined area. Sufficient ventilation must be provided in alltests where the material is subjected to testing above 200C.(See Sections 7, 23, 26, 33, and 43.)6. Selection of Test Specimens6.1 In the case of material on spools or in coils, remove anddiscard at least two turns of the prod
25、uct before selectingmaterial for samples from which to prepare test specimens.6.2 In the case of material offered in cut lengths, do notprepare specimens from samples of material closer than 1 in.(25 mm) from each end.6.3 Do not use specimens with obvious defects unless thepurpose of the test is to
26、determine the effects of these defects.7. Conditioning7.1 (WarningSee 5.2.)7.2 Unless otherwise specified, condition and test speci-mens at least 3 h at 23 6 5C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.INSIDE DIAMETER8. Significance and Use8.1 The inside diameter is of importance in determining theproper phy
27、sical fit of the tubing.9. Apparatus9.1 Gage RodsUse standard gage steel rods with smoothsurfaces and hemispherical ends having diameters within60.0002 in. (60.005 mm) of the values listed as maxima andminima in Table 1. A set of two gages (“go” and “no go”) isrequired for each size of tubing.NOTE 3
28、Tapered steel gages as described in Test Methods D876 maybe used as an alternate. These gages are not practical, however, for tubingsmaller than Size No. 20.TABLE 1 Sizes of Polytetrafluoroethylene TubingSizeInside Diameter, in. (mm)Maximum Minimum Nominal1 in. 1.060 (26.98) 1.000 (25.40) . . .78 in
29、. 0.927 (23.55) 0.875 (22.23) . . .34 in. 0.795 (20.19) 0.750 (19.05) . . .58 in. 0.662 (16.81) 0.625 (15.88) . . .12 in. 0.530 (13.46) 0.500 (12.70) . . .716 in. 0.464 (11.79) 0.438 (11.38) . . .38 in. 0.399 (10.13) 0.375 (9.53) . . .No. 0 0.347 (8.81) 0.325 (8.25) 0.330 (8.38)No. 1 0.311 (7.90) 0.
30、289 (7.34) 0.294 (7.47)No. 2 0.278 (7.06) 0.258 (6.55) 0.263 (6.68)No. 3 0.249 (6.32) 0.229 (5.82) 0.234 (5.94)No. 4 0.224 (5.69) 0.204 (5.18) 0.208 (5.28)No. 5 0.198 (5.03) 0.182 (4.62) 0.186 (4.72)No. 6 0.178 (4.52) 0.162 (4.11) 0.166 (4.22)No. 7 0.158 (4.01) 0.144 (3.66) 0.148 (3.76)No. 8 0.141 (
31、3.58) 0.129 (3.28) 0.133 (3.38)No. 9 0.124 (3.15) 0.114 (2.90) 0.118 (3.00)No. 10 0.112 (2.84) 0.102 (2.78) 0.106 (2.69)No. 11 0.101 (2.57) 0.091 (2.31) 0.095 (2.41)No. 12 0.091 (2.31) 0.081 (2.06) 0.085 (2.16)No. 13 0.082 (2.08) 0.072 (1.83) 0.075 (1.91)No. 14 0.074 (1.88) 0.064 (1.63) 0.066 (1.68)
32、No. 15 0.067 (1.70) 0.057 (1.45) 0.059 (1.50)No. 16 0.061 (1.55) 0.051 (1.30) 0.053 (1.35)No. 17 0.054 (1.37) 0.045 (1.14) 0.047 (1.19)No. 18 0.049 (1.24) 0.040 (1.02) 0.042 (1.07)No. 19 0.044 (1.12) 0.036 (0.91) 0.038 (0.97)No. 20 0.040 (1.02) 0.032 (0.81) 0.034 (0.86)No. 22 0.032 (0.81) 0.026 (0.6
33、6) 0.028 (0.71)No. 24 0.027 (0.69) 0.020 (0.51) 0.022 (0.56)No. 26 0.022 (0.56) 0.016 (0.41) 0.018 (0.46)No. 28 0.019 (0.48) 0.013 (0.33) 0.015 (0.38)No. 30 0.015 (0.38) 0.010 (0.25) 0.012 (0.30)D1675 18210. Test Specimens10.1 Cut five specimens of any convenient length, but notless than 3 in. (75 m
34、m) long, from the sample. Do not testkinked specimens.11. Procedure11.1 Insert the minimum gage rod for the size tubing undertest into the specimen for a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)if possible, noting whether the rod is easily inserted andwithdrawn without appreciable force. If the rod cannot
35、 bereadily inserted and removed, consider the specimen as havingan inside diameter less than the minimum.11.2 Select a gage rod having the maximum size for thetubing under test.Attempt to insert the gage rod into the tubing.If the rod can be easily inserted to a distance of 1 in., the tubinghas an i
36、nside diameter that exceeds the specified maximum. Ifthe rod cannot be readily inserted, the tubing has an insidediameter less than the maximum specified.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Nominal size or size number of the tubing, and12.1.2 Size or size number as determined.13.
37、Precision and Bias13.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but noinformation has been presented to ASTM International uponwhich to base a statement of precision. No activity has beenplanned to develop such information. This test method has nobias because the value for inside diameter is
38、 determined solelyin terms of this test method.WALL THICKNESS14. Significance and Use14.1 The wall thickness provides design data. It is alsouseful in computing certain physical and electrical propertiesof the tubing.15. Apparatus15.1 Dial MicrometerFor Size No. 22 and larger, use adial micrometer4e
39、quipped with a rod support for the specimenand a chisel-edge plunger. Use a gage with a minimumgraduation of 0.0005 in. (0.01 mm) and a gaging load notexceeding 25 g. Use a rod made of hardened steel 0.020 in.(0.50 mm) in diameter and38 in. (9.5 mm) long. Ensure thatthe chisel edge of the plunger is
40、 flat and approximately 0.043in. (1.1 mm) across and516 in. (8 mm) long.15.2 MicroscopeFor Size No. 24 and smaller, use anoptical means such as a toolmakers microscope.16. Test Specimens16.1 Cut five12-in. (13-mm) specimens free from kinksfrom the sample. Make the cut edge perpendicular to thelongit
41、udinal axis of the sample.17. Procedure17.1 For Size No. 22 and larger, measure the wall thicknessof the specimen using the rod and chisel apparatus by raisingthe chisel from the rod and placing the specimen on the rod insuch a manner that the rod passes through the center of thetubing specimen and
42、rests flatly against the upper inside wall ofthe specimen. Gently lower the flat chisel edge until it restslightly on the upper outside wall of the specimen. Rotate thetubing and determine the minimum and maximum wall thick-ness. The average of these two readings is the wall thickness ofthe specimen
43、.17.2 For Size No. 24 and smaller, use a reference methodemploying optical means acceptable to both the manufacturerand the purchaser to determine the maximum and minimumwall thickness.18. Report18.1 Report the following information:18.1.1 Nominal size or number of the tubing, and18.1.2 Minimum, max
44、imum, and average wall thickness.19. Precision and Bias19.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but noinformation has been presented to ASTM International uponwhich to base a statement of precision. No activity has beenplanned to develop such information. This test method has nobias bec
45、ause the value for wall thickness is determined solelyin terms of this test method.VOLATILE LOSS20. Significance and Use20.1 Volatile loss is indicative of the efficiency of removalof volatiles during processing, and may indicate the presenceof undesirable organic materials.21. Apparatus21.1 Analyti
46、cal Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest0.001 g.21.2 Oven, forced-convection type, capable of maintainingthe temperature set point to the tolerances shown in theprocedure.21.3 Desiccator.22. Test Specimens22.1 Cut three specimens in full section from the sample ina manner such that each speci
47、men is at least 10 in. (250 mm)long and weighs at least 2 g.23. Procedure23.1 (WarningSee 5.2.)23.2 Dry three specimens in an oven at 105 6 2.5C (220 64.5F) for 1 h, cool in a desiccator, and weigh immediatelyupon removal. Then, place the specimens on a horizontalsupport in an oven without touching
48、each other or the sides ofthe oven, making certain to keep the specimens open through-out their entire lengths. Maintain the specimens at 300 6 3C4A dial-type micrometer, Gage Model 57B-3, manufactured by Federal ProductsCorp., 1144 Eddy St., Providence, RI 02901, has been found satisfactory for thi
49、spurpose.D1675 183(572 6 6F), for 2 h. At the end of this period, remove thespecimens, cool in a desiccator, and weigh immediately uponremoval.24. Report24.1 Report the following information:24.1.1 Nominal size or size number of tubing, and24.1.2 Change in weight calculated as a percentage of theoriginal weight.25. Precision and Bias25.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but noinformation has been presented to ASTM International uponwhich to base a statement of precision. No activity has beenplanned to develop such infor
