1、Designation: D2152 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forAdequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ad
3、-equacy of fusion of extruded rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)pipe and molded fittings as indicated by reaction to immersionin anhydrous acetone.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard except where instruments are calibrated in SIunits.1.3 This standard does not p
4、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to us-e.Specific hazards statement
5、s are given in Annex A1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organizat
6、ion TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is applicable only for distinguishingbetween inadequately fused and adequately fused PVC. Thedifference between the
7、rmally degraded and adequately fusedPVC cannot be detected by this test method. Acetone immer-sion is not a substitute for burst, impact, or other physical orchemical tests on PVC pipe or fittings and it, therefore, shallnot be used as the only test specification for purchasing of PVCpipe and fittin
8、gs. This test only detects inadequate fusion anddoes not determine the over-all quality of the PVC pipe orfittings.3.2 This test method is useful in determining whetherinadequate fusion contributed to failure of PVC pipe or fittingsin other physical or chemical tests, or in service.3.3 This test met
9、hod is useful in evaluating the adequacy ofPVC fusion obtained in process or materials trials.3.4 This test method determines adequacy of fusion on asingle, relatively small specimen. This test method requires theuse of a hazardous reagent which must be properly handled anddisposed. Therefore, this
10、test method may not be cost-effectiveto employ as a routine quality control test.4. Apparatus4.1 ContainerEither individual, sealable containers foreach specimen or one large, airtight container capable ofholding several specimens without touching one another.4.2 Hydrometer and CylinderPrecision hyd
11、rometer,graduated in thousandths, with a minimum range of 0.780 to0.790 g/mL and a cylinder large enough to immerse thehydrometer.4.3 ThermometerASTM 12C total immersionthermometer, range from 20C to 102C accurate to 0.2C, orequivalent.5. Reagent5.1 AcetoneAmerican Chemical Society Reagent Grade,hav
12、ing a maximum density of 0.7857 g/mL at 25C.NOTE 1See AnnexA1 for the safety and health precautions to be usedwith acetone.5.2 Prior to conducting the test, check the density of theacetone with a precision hydrometer to determine its dryness.If the density of the acetone is greater than 0.934 g/mLat
13、 23C,(corresponding to approximately 2 % water by mass (see Fig.X1.1), use fresh acetone or dry the wet acetone with a dryingagent. Recheck the density of the fresh or dried acetone beforeusing.NOTE 2Wet acetone can be dried by thoroughly agitating it with at1This test method is under the jurisdicti
14、on of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.25 on VinylBased Pipe.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1963T. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2152 13. DOI:10.1520/D2152-17.2For refer
15、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyri
16、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internation
17、al Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1least 15 g of anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO4) for each gram of waterpresent.NOTE 3The presence of water in the acetone reduces its sensitivity todifferences in the degree of
18、 fusion of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Itis important to dry the acetone properly and conduct the test in a sealedcontainer, because acetone rapidly absorbs moisture from the atmosphere.NOTE 4Round-robin testing between four laboratories showed thattest results are not significantly altered wi
19、th up to 2 % water by weight inthe acetone.6. Sampling6.1 Specimens shall be taken from individual pipe sections,fittings, or remnant portions of pipe or fittings. Specimens shallbe taken from locations which are to be evaluated for adequacyof fusion, or immediately adjacent to them.6.2 The number o
20、f individual specimens to be tested andtheir locations shall be chosen to be representative of the pipeor fittings being evaluated for adequacy of fusion.7. Test Specimens7.1 Size of SpecimenSpecimen shall be a size that isconvenient to immerse in the test container but not less than12in. (13 mm) in
21、 height. For small diameter pipe, the specimenshall be a complete circumferential section of the pipe. Forlarge diameter pipe, the specimen shall be a full pipe sectionbut it may be cut into smaller pieces to facilitate testing. Smallmolded parts shall be immersed as a single item. For largemolded f
22、ittings, the specimen shall be a complete circumfer-ential section which may be cut into segments before beingimmersed. If the pipe or fitting to be evaluated has fractured orfragmented in other tests or in service, specimens of any shapeand size may be tested.7.2 Specimen PreparationFor pipe having
23、 a wall thick-ness greater than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) the wall thickness shall bereduced to allow testing of the entire wall thickness of thespecimen at six or more intervals around the circumference ofone end of the specimen. The mid-wall surface exposed fortesting shall be from the interior wall surf
24、ace to the exteriorwall surface at a minimum of 45 degrees from the square cuton the end of the pipe as shown in Fig. 1. Removal shall beeffected by filing, wet sanding, or other means that willminimize localized heating of the surface. It is not necessary toreduce the wall thickness on molded fitti
25、ngs.8. Conditioning8.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens inairfor1hat236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) prior to testing. Thespecimens shall not be conditioned in water because of theeffect water has on the acetone. For referee purposes condi-tioning shall be in accordance with Procedure A of Pr
26、acticeD618.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct the tests in a Standard Laboratory Atmosphereof 23 6 2C unless otherwise specified.9.2 Place sufficient dried acetone into the container toensure complete immersion of the specimen.9.3 Place the test specimen in the acetone, seal thecontainer, and do not agitate. A
27、llow specimen to stand im-mersed for 20 min.9.4 After 20 min, remove the specimen from the containerand inspect for signs of attack.9.5 Attack is described as a lifting, raising, or removing, orboth, of any material outside surface, inside surface, ormid-wall, of the specimen. Swelling or softening
28、of the testspecimen shall not be considered attack.10. Fusion Criteria10.1 When the moisture content of the acetone is found tobe equal to 1% for less at least 50 % attack of the inside,outside, or mid-wall surface or at least 10 % attack on morethan one surface shall be considered to be indicative
29、ofinadequate fusion.10.2 When the moisture content of the acetone is found tobe greater than 1% but less than or equal to 2% any amount ofattack on any surface shall be considered to be indicative ofinadequate fusion.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identificatio
30、n of the PVC compound,11.1.2 Production code number of the pipe or fittings,11.1.3 Nominal dimensions of the pipe or fittings,11.1.4 Observations after 20 min immersion shall be re-ported indicating attack or no attack,11.1.5 The area attacked, inside, outside, or mid-wall, andthe estimated percenta
31、ge of that area attacked, and11.1.6 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 This test method is subjective, based on operatorjudgement. Therefore a statement on precision and bias is notapplicable.13. Keywords13.1 acetone; fusion; pipe; poly(vinyl chloride); PVCFIG. 1 Specimen PreparationD2152 172AN
32、NEX(Mandatory Information)A1. RECOMMENDED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE USED WITH ACETONEA1.1 Safety Requirements:A1.1.1 No source of ignition is to be permitted whereacetone is used.A1.1.2 Dispense acetone only from approved safety con-tainers.A1.1.3 Dispose of used acetone, or acetone-impregnatedcloths
33、 only in an approved safety waste receptacle.A1.1.4 Avoid prolonged breathing of acetone. Use acetoneonly in a well ventilated area.A1.1.5 Use proper eye protection such as chemical-workers goggles or a face shield when handling acetone.A1.1.6 Avoid prolonged exposure to the skin. If prolongedexposu
34、re to the skin cannot be avoided, use protective clothing.A1.2 Health Hazards:A1.2.1 Acetone is a mild irritant to eyes, nose and throat butonly minor residual injury will occur if no medical treatment isgiven.A1.2.2 Prolonged or continuous exposure of acetone to theskin may cause acute or chronic d
35、ermatitis. Exposed skin areasshould be washed and dried. Consult a physician if a rashdevelops.A1.3 Fire Hazard:A1.3.1 Acetone is a very flammable liquid having a flashpoint of 18C (0F). Use dry chemical, alcohol foam, orcarbon dioxide to fight a fire. Use water to keep fire-exposedcontainers cool o
36、r to wash away or dilute spills which have notignited.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DENSITY OF ACETONE VERSUS PERCENT WATER AT FOUR TEMPERATURESFIG. X1.1 Density of Acetone versus Percent Water at Four TemperaturesD2152 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F17 has identified the location of select
37、ed changes to this standard since the last issue (D215213)that may impact the use of this standard.(1) 5.2 was revised.(2) Section 10 was revised.(3) Fig. X1.1 was revised.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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