1、Designation: D2855 15 An American National StandardStandard Practice forthe Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Cement) Method ofJoining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components withTapered Sockets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation
2、D2855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapp
3、roval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice describes a two-step (primer and solventcement) method of joining poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) orchlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe and pipingcomponents with tapered sockets
4、.NOTE 1Simplified procedures may be allowed in non-pressure appli-cations where local codes permit.NOTE 2Where conflicts occur between the code and the manufactur-ers installation instructions, the more restrictive provisions apply.1.2 The products covered by this practice are intended foruse with t
5、he distribution of pressured liquids only, which arechemically compatible with the piping materials. Due toinherent hazards associated with testing components and sys-tems with compressed air or other compressed gases, somemanufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products.Consult with s
6、pecific product/component manufacturers fortheir specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.NOTE 3Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gasescontain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safetyhazards should a system fail for any reason.1.3 This standard practic
7、e does not address the one-stepmethod of joining pipe and piping components with taperedsockets with solvent cement without the use of primer.1.4 The techniques covered are applicable to joining PVC toPVC or CPVC to CPVC pipe and piping components withtapered sockets. In the remainder of this standa
8、rd practice, theterm “piping components with tapered sockets”, whether it bebell end pipe, spigot connections, or any other type of taperedconnections, will be referred to as “fittings.”1.5 A partial list of standards for PVC and CPVC pipe,piping components, and solvent cements suitable for use injo
9、ining pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The text of this practice referen
10、ces notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the practice.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons
11、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly
12、(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) CompoundsD1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D2466 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
13、(PVC) PlasticPipe Fittings, Schedule 40D2467 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe Fittings, Schedule 80D2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping SystemsD2665 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticDrain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
14、 and Fittings1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
15、 D2855 96(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2855-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes s
16、ection appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision
17、 on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D2672 Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe UsingSolvent CementD2729 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) SewerPipe
18、 and FittingsD2949 Specification for 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Poly(Vi-nyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand FittingsD3034 Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Sewer Pipe and FittingsF402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners Used fo
19、r Joining ThermoplasticPipe and FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF438 Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40F439 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80F441
20、/F441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chlo-ride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80F442/F442M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chlo-ride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDRPR)F480 Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe andCouplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR),SCH
21、40 and SCH 80F493 Specification for Solvent Cements for ChlorinatedPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and FittingsF512 Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Conduit and Fittings for Underground InstallationF656 Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent CementJoints of Poly
22、(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe andFittingsF758 Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport,and Similar DrainageF789 Specification for Type PS-46 and Type PS-115 Poly-(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipeand Fittings (W
23、ithdrawn 2004)3F891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular CoreF1866 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticSchedule 40 Drainage and DWV Fabricated Fittings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, an
24、d abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.4. Summary of Practice4.1 In order to achieve consistently strong and leak-freejoining of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or chlorinated poly(vinylchloride) (CPVC) pipe and fittings, the following principlesneed to be c
25、learly understood and followed:4.1.1 The joining surfaces must be softened (dissolved) andmade semi-fluid. (See Fig. 1.)4.1.2 Solvent cement must be applied to the pipe end to fillthe gap between pipe and fitting socket. (See Fig. 2.)4.1.3 Assembly of pipe and fittings must be made while thesurfaces
26、 are still wet and semi-fluid. (See Fig. 3.)4.1.4 Joint strength develops as the solvents evaporate fromthe joint. At the bottom of the socket where there is aninterference fit, the surfaces will fuse together; at the socketentrance where there is a gap, the solvent cement will fill thegap and bond
27、to both surfaces. (See Fig. 4.)4.2 Penetration and dissolution of the pipe and socketsurfaces are achieved by use of both primer and solventcement.4.3 Solvent cement must be applied to the pipe end to fill thegap between the pipe and fittings.4.4 During assembly, while the layers on the pipe andfitt
28、ings are wet and semi-fluid, the surfaces will intermingletogether and become one layer4.5 As the solvents evaporate, the dissolved surfaces willharden with a corresponding increase in joint strength overtime. A properly made joint will withstand the requiredworking pressure long before the joint ha
29、s fully cured. As-sembled joints should not be disturbed until they have cured towithstand handling in accordance with primer and solventcement manufacturers recommendations.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.FIG. 1 Joint Surface Areas that must be Pe
30、netrated and Soft-enedFIG. 2 Solvent Cement Coatings of Appropriate ThicknessD2855 1525. Significance and Use5.1 A solvent cement bonder/installer must follow all pro-cedures to produce consistently strong and leak-free joints,either in shop operations or in the field.6. Materials6.1 Pipe and Fittin
31、gsThe pipe and fittings shall meet therequirements of current applicable PVC or CPVC pipe andpiping components standards.Apartial list of these standards isgiven in Appendix X1.6.2 Solvent Cement:6.2.1 SpecificationThe solvent cement should meet all therequirements of Specification D2564 for PVC sol
32、vent cementor Specification F493 for CPVC solvent cement.6.2.2 SelectionSolvent cements are available in a varietyof viscosities and wet film thicknesses to cover the range ofpipe sizes from14-in. to 30-in. (6.3 to 762 mm) for interferencefit joints.6.2.2.1 The ability of a solvent cement to fill a
33、gap in a pipejoint can be determined by considering its viscosity andwet-film thickness (see Note X2.1).6.2.3 StorageSolvent cements must be stored in a cool,dry place.All solvent cements have a limited shelf life. Consultthe solvent cement manufacturer for specific recommendationson storage conditi
34、ons and shelf life. The solvent cement isunsuitable for use if it exhibits an appreciable change from theoriginal viscosity, or if signs of gelation (jelly-like) areapparent. Restoration of the original viscosity or removal ofgelation by adding solvents or thinners is not recommended.6.3 Chemical Cl
35、eanersChemical cleaners are used toremove surface debris only (for example, oil, dirt, grease,hydraulic fluid, paint, etc.). Chemical cleaners are not primersand therefore, do not soften the plastic surfaces. Chemicalcleaner does not meet the 10% dissolution rule specified inSpecification F656. A ch
36、emical cleaner is as follows:6.3.1 Cleaner recommended by the pipe, fittings, or solventcement manufacturer.6.3.2 Sandpaper or similar abrasive clothes or grinders shallnot be used to clean pipe or fittings.NOTE 4This practice can remove significant amount of material fromthe surfaces to be joined w
37、hich will adversely affect the interference fit ofthe pipe and fitting and reduce the joint strength.NOTE 5Consult with pipe, fittings, and solvent cement manufacturersfor their specific recommendations for mechanical abrading.6.4 PrimersPrimers are used to soften and dissolve thesurfaces in order t
38、o better prepare them for joining. Refer tospecific recommendations of the manufacturer6.4.1 Primer Specificationprimer shall meet the require-ments of Specification F656.7. Procedure7.1 Cutting the PipeUsing a suitable cutter, cut the pipeperpendicular to the pipe axis.NOTE 6It is important to cut
39、the pipe perpendicular (square) to thepipe axis. A square cut provides maximum bonding area on the surface ofthe pipe. Tools used to cut plastic pipe must be in good condition and usedin accordance with the tool manufacturers recommendations. If there isany indication of damage or evidence of cracki
40、ng after cutting the pipe,cut off at least 2 in. (50.8 mm) beyond any visible crack. Care must beexercised if using ratchet cutters, especially at 50F (10C) or lowertemperatures, as they may split the pipe if not properly used andmaintained. Care must also be exercised if using wheel-type plastic tu
41、bingcutters with a blade made for cutting plastic pipe, as they will create raisedridges which are caused by material displacement from the downwardforce of the cutting wheel and must be removed.7.2 Chamfering and Deburring:7.2.1 Chamfering.Chamfer the exterior pipe edge with afile or a chamfering t
42、ool specifically designed for plastic pipe.The chamfer angle shall be between 10 and 22 with a widthrange of a minimum332 to a maximum516 of an inch (2.5 to7.9 mm) depending upon the pipe diameter (See Fig. 6 fortolerances). It is necessary to chamfer the exterior pipe edge toremove the burrs, raise
43、d ridges or sharp edges. or both, fromthe exterior pipe edge created by the pipe cutting process. (SeeFig. 6.)NOTE 7Burrs, raised ridges or sharp edges or any combinationthereof, if not removed, will scrape away softened socket material anddeposit it and solvent cement into the fitting or pipe water
44、way creating apotential leak path in the joint. This accumulation of softened socketmaterial and solvent cement inside the waterway of the pipe and fittingmust be avoided. Chamfering allows the pipe to enter the fitting socketFIG. 3 Components must be Assembled while all Surfaces areWet and SoftFIG.
45、 4 Bonded and Fused Surfaces of Joined PipeD2855 153cleanly and uniformly. Chamfering minimizes the potential for a leak path.A chamfering tool or a file is suitable for this purpose. Do not usehandheld disc type side grinders to chamfer pipe.7.2.2 DeburringIf burrs are present on the inside edge of
46、the pipe, remove with a deburring tool.NOTE 8It is important to remove the burrs from the interior (water-way) to prevent obstructions and to enhance fluid flow.7.3 Dry Joint Tightness TestPrior to applying primer andsolvent cement, insert the pipe gently and slowly into thesocket until the first si
47、gn of resistance is detected to determinethe point of interference. Check that an interference fit betweenthe pipe and fitting occurs at approximately13 to23 of thesocket depth. Do not force components together.NOTE 9Pipe and fittings are designed to have an interference fit. Aninterference fit occu
48、rs when the outside pipe diameter contacts (interferes)with the inside diameter of the fitting. An interference fit is essential tomake a strong and leak-free joint and indicates an acceptable dimensionalconformance between the components. If the fit between the pipe andfittings is loose, replace th
49、e pipe or fittings in order to obtain a properinterference fit between the components. Do not attempt to join pipe andfittings that do not have an interference fit.7.4 CleaningUse a clean, dry cloth to clean the surfaces ofpipe and fittings and to remove all foreign materials.NOTE 10Proper surface preparation is required to maximize theintegrity of the joint. Foreign materials can impede the chemical joiningprocess. Surfaces to be joined must be free of foreign materials (forexample, oil, dirt, grease, hydraulic fluid, paint, etc.). If joining
