1、Designation: D2859 16 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forIgnition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1
3、 This fire-test-response standard describes a test methodfor the determination of the flammability of finished textilefloor covering materials when exposed to an ignition sourceunder controlled laboratory conditions.1.1.1 Carpets and rugs offered for sale in the United Statesare required by the Cons
4、umer Product Safety Commission(CPSC) to comply with the test methods in 16 CFR 1630 or 16CFR 1631, as appropriate.1.1.2 This test method is similar but not identical to the testmethods contained in 16 CFR 1630 and CFR 1631 and issuedby CPSC. If compliance with one of the CPSC test methods isrequired
5、, this test method does not ensure regulatory compli-ance.1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floorcoverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whetherthey are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possibleto apply this test method to unfinished material; howeve
6、r, theresults of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactoryevaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimateconsumer use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure
7、and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing of product
8、s and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall
9、not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of re
10、gulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.
11、2 AATCC Standard:Method 138-2014, Shampooing: Washing of Textile FloorCoverings32.3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission:416 CFR Part 1630 Standard for the surface flammability ofcarpets and rugs (FF 1-70)16 CFR Part 1631 Standard for the surface flammability ofsmall carpets and rugs (FF 2-70)3.
12、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms contained in this test methodassociated with fire issues refer to Terminology E176. Fordefinitions of terms contained in this test method and associ-ated with textile issues refer to Terminology D123. For1This test method is under the jurisdi
13、ction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2859 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/D2859-16.2For referenced ASTM
14、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists (A
15、ATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.4Can be found in Title 16, Volume 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations.Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.*A Summary of Ch
16、anges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1definitions of terms contained in this test method and associ-ated with pile floor covering issues refer to TerminologyD5684.3.2 Definiti
17、ons of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 finished, adjin textile floor covering materials, thecompletion of all manufacturing operations.3.2.2 flammability, nthe capability of burning with a flameunder specified conditions (see Terminology E176 for addi-tional discussion of the term flammable.)4
18、. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves the exposure of conditionedand oven-dried specimens to a standard source of ignition in adraft-protected environment and the measurement of the re-sulting char length.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure for identifica
19、tionof those finished textile floor covering materials that can berated as flame-resistant under specific controlled laboratoryconditions.5.2 This test method does not specify the use of an underlaymaterial. If an underlay material is used to assess the effect ofa specific underlay in combination wi
20、th a specific floorcovering, such a variation in procedure must be noted in thereport.5.3 In this test, results are observed with the specimens in ahorizontal plane. Different results are possible if the samematerial is tested or used in any other plane.5.4 Test Method D2859 for testing finished tex
21、tile floorcovering materials for flammability is considered satisfactoryfor acceptance testing of commercial shipments since themethod has been used extensively in the trade for acceptancetesting. In cases of disagreement arising from differences invalues reported by the purchaser and the seller whe
22、n using thismethod for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any,between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory ofthe seller shall be determined with each comparison beingbased on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sampleof material of the type being evaluated.5.5 The test
23、procedures of this standard are similar but notidentical to those contained in the standards for the surfaceflammability of carpets and rugs of the U.S. Consumer ProductSafety Commission4(see also 1.1). The acceptance criterion ofthese CPSC standards requires that at least seven out of eightindividu
24、al specimens of a given carpet or rug have passed thetest, that is, that the charred portion of a tested specimen shallnot extend to within 25.4 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of the holein the flattening frame at any point.5.6 The acceptance criterion of this test method is consistentwith that of CPSC stan
25、dards (see Section 10).6. Apparatus and Reagent6.1 Test ChamberThe test chamber shall consist of a boxwith nominal inside dimensions of 300 by 300 by 300 mm 12by 12 by 12 in. made from fiber cement board not less thannominally 6 mm 0.25 in. thick, open at the top, and having aflat removable floor ma
26、de of the same material. The fibercement board shall be uncoated, have a density of 1444 6 160kg/m390 6 10 lb ft3 and comply with the requirements ofSpecification C1186 Grade II. The sides shall be fastenedtogether and sealed to prevent air leakage into the box duringuse.6.2 FrameThe flattening fram
27、e shall be a steel plate,nominally 230 by 230 mm 9 by 9 in., nominally 6 mm 0.25in. thick, with a nominal 200 6 5-mm 8-in. diameter holecut in the center of the plate.6.3 Desiccating CabinetA desiccating cabinet shall beprovided, containing silica gel or an alternate desiccant. Thedesiccating cabine
28、t shall have shelves large enough to hold aset of eight specimens horizontally without contacting eachother during a cooling period following specimen drying.6.4 Circulating Air OvenA forced circulation drying ovenshall be provided, for removal of moisture from the specimens,capable of being thermos
29、tatically controlled and maintained at105 6 2C 221 6 4F throughout the enclosure.6.5 GloveNon hygroscopic disposable gloves shall beprovided for handling the specimens after drying. The glovesshall be made of polyethylene or rubber.6.6 Steel RuleA steel rule, graduated in 0.5-mm 0.02-in.increments s
30、hall be provided.6.7 Vacuum CleanerA vacuum cleaner shall be used toremove all loose material from each specimen prior to condi-tioning. All surfaces of the vacuum cleaner contacting thespecimens shall be flat and smooth and maintained in a cleancondition.6.8 Laboratory Fume HoodThe apparatus shall
31、be placedin a laboratory fume hood capable of providing a draft-freeenvironment during the test for the test chamber described in6.1. The hood shall permit the observation of the test inprogress, and the removal of the products of combustionfollowing each test.6.9 MirrorOptionally, a small mirror sh
32、all be provided,mounted above each test chamber at an angle to permitobservation of the specimen from outside of the hood.6.10 Ignition SourceThe ignition source shall be a timedmethenamine burning tablet (pill), with the following specifi-cations.6.10.1 The pill shall be a flat, round, compressed t
33、ablet ofessentially pure methenamine, with a weight of 150 6 5 mg, anominal diameter of 6 mm 0.25 in and a nominal heat ofcombustion of 7,180 calories per gram.NOTE 1The duration of the flaming when the tablet, alone, is tested ona metal plate under standard draft-free conditions is approximately 13
34、0 s.6.10.2 Tablets shall be stored for at least 24 h in a desiccatorover a desiccant.NOTE 2Storage of the tablets in a desiccator will reduce crackingupon ignition.6.11 Timed Methenamine burning tablet (pill).D2859 1626.11.1 Specifications for the round, beveled, compressedtablet are:6.11.1.1 Weight
35、 of 149 6 5 mg.6.11.1.2 Nominal diameter of 6.35 mm 0.25 in.6.11.1.3 Approximate burning time of tablet alone is 130 s.6.11.2 Burning time of the tablet alone is the duration of theflaming when the tablet is tested on a metal burn plate understandard conditions of draft-free environment.6.11.3 Table
36、ts shall be stored in a desiccator over a desic-cant.NOTE 3Storage of the tablets in a desiccator will reduce crackingupon ignition.7. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Test Specimens7.1 Select a sample of the material representative of the lotas directed by the applicable material specification. I
37、n theabsence of an applicable material specification or other agree-ment between the purchaser and the seller, select a samplecomprised of a roll or piece believed to be representative of thelot to be tested. Each roll or piece must be large enough topermit cutting eight specimens each nominally 230
38、 mm 9 in.square, free of creases, fold marks, or any delamination orother distortions.7.2 If the textile floor covering material has had a fire-retardant treatment, or is made of fibers which have had afire-retardant treatment, wash the specimens as directed in thewashing procedure described in AATC
39、C Method 138-2014 orby using an alternate washing procedure acceptable to theauthority having jurisdiction.7.2.1 If the backing system of the carpet has been fireretarded by using alumina trihydrate (ATH), the washingprocedure in 7.2 is not required.7.3 Cut eight test specimens, each nominally 230 m
40、m 9.0in. square, from each sample.8. Test Specimen Preparation8.1 CleaningClean each test specimen with the vacuumcleaner (or other means) until it is free of all loose ends and ofany material worked into the pile during handling. Exercisecare to avoid “fuzzing” of the pile yarn.8.2 Examination of T
41、est Specimens for MoistureExaminethe test specimens. If they appear visibly moist, performpreconditioning in accordance with 8.7 before drying.8.3 WeighingWeigh each test specimen, to an accuracy ofnot less than 61 g, before drying and record the weight.8.4 DryingPlace the eight test specimens in an
42、 oven in amanner that will permit free circulation of the air at 105 6 2C221 6 4C for 2 h.NOTE 4Multiple test specimens can be dried concurrently.8.5 CoolingRemove the eight test specimens from theoven with a gloved hand and immediately place them in adesiccator for 1 h, or until they reach room tem
43、perature,whichever is longer, making sure that the test specimens are ina horizontal plane with the pile side up, and that they are notresting on one another.NOTE 5Test specimens taken from some carpet types have thepotential to become distorted after drying, such that they curl at the edges.Such di
44、stortion can be corrected by rolling the affected edges in a directionopposite to the curl prior to placing in the desiccator.8.6 Assessment of Test Specimen DrynessWeigh one ofthe eight test specimens that have undergone drying andcompare with the initial weight. If the specimen has lost at least20
45、 % of its initial weight, it was excessively moist and all eighttest specimens shall be preconditioned in accordance with 8.7before undergoing another oven drying in accordance with 8.4.8.6.1 The assessment in 8.6 is not conducted for testspecimens that have undergone preconditioning.8.7 Preconditio
46、ningPrecondition the test specimens in aconditioning room or chamber in accordance with PracticeD1776.8.7.1 Keep the test specimens in the conditioning room orchamber until the materials have attained moisture equilibriumfor testing. For moisture equilibrium, a change of less than 0.1% of the test s
47、pecimen mass after a 2-h exposure is satisfactory.NOTE 6Preconditioning prior to the drying operation addresses thefact that, in some cases, storage has the potential to cause some materialsto be moist, thus requiring over 2 h drying time.9. Procedure9.1 Place the test chamber in the laboratory fume
48、 hood withall exhaust turned off.9.2 Remove a test specimen from the desiccator and, with agloved hand, brush the pile into an upright position as nearlyvertical as possible. Place the test specimen on the floor of thetest chamber with the pile side up, exercising care that the testspecimen is in a
49、horizontal plane, then place the steel frame ontop of the test specimen, and line up the outside edges of thetest specimen and the frame.9.3 Place a methenamine tablet flat, in the center of the testspecimen, and ignite the tablet by touching a flame carefully tothe top of the tablet. Do not contact the surface of the testspecimen with the flame.9.3.1 If the tablet cracks upon ignition, discard the testspecimen.9.4 If more than 2 min elapses between removal of the testspecimen from the desiccator and ignition of the tablet, r
