1、Designation: D4566 14Standard Test Methods forElectrical Performance Properties of Insulations andJackets for Telecommunications Wire and Cable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for electricaltesting of thermoplastic insulation
3、s and jackets used on tele-communications wire and cable and for the testing of electricalcharacteristics of completed products. To determine the proce-dure to be used on the particular insulation or jacketcompound, or on the end product, reference should be made tothe specification for the product.
4、1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections of thisstandard:Test Method SectionsElectrical Tests of InsulationIn-Process 48DC proof test 8Insulation defect or fault rate 7Spark test 6Electrical Tests of Completed Wire and Cable 951Attenuation 24Attenuation, effects due to aging 31Attenuati
5、on, effects due to elevated temperature 29Attenuation, effects due to humidity 30Attenuation to crosstalk ratiofar end (ACR-F) 28Attenuation to crosstalk rationear end (ACR-N) 26Capacitance deviation 19Capacitance difference 20Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-ground (CUPG) 22Capacitance unbalance, Pai
6、r-to-pair (CUPP) 21Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-support wire 23Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 1 Propagation con-stantand capacitance47Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 2, Single-endedmeasurements48Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 3 Least SquaresFunction Fit49Coaxial capacitance (capacitance to water) 1
7、7Conductor continuity 11Conductor resistance (CR) 13Conductor resistance unbalance (CRU of pairs) 15Continuity of other metallic elements 12Crosses test (continuity between wires of different pairs) 35Crosstalk loss, far-end 27Crosstalk loss, near-end 25DC proof test, Core-to-internal shield (screen
8、) 40Test Method SectionsDC proof test, Core-to-shield 38DC proof test, Core-to-support wire 39DC proof test, Internal shield (screen)-to-shield 41DC proof test, Other required isolations 42DC proof test, Wire-to-wire 37Fault rate test (air core only) 33Insulation resistance (IR) 32Jacket voltage bre
9、akdown rating test 36Mutual capacitance (CM) 18Mutual conductance 16Phase Constant 44Phase Delay 45Phase Velocity 46Resistance of other metallic cable elements 14Shorts test (continuity between wires of a pair) 34Structural Return Loss and Return Loss 50Unbalance attenuation (conversion losses) 51Vo
10、ltage surge test 431.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
11、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Sections 6 and 37.2. Referenced Documents
12、2.1 ASTM Standards:2B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2633 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations
13、 andJackets for Wire and CableD3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUsing Impulse Waves1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct
14、responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4566 081. DOI:10.1520/D4566-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
15、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5423 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-ens for Evaluation of Electrical InsulationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI/IEEE Standard 100 IEEE Standa
17、rd Dictionary ofElectrical and Electronics Terms32.3 IEC Standard:IEC 61156-1 Multicore and Symmetrical Pair/Quad Cablesfor Digital CommunicationsPart 1: Generic Specifica-tion33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D1711.3.2 Definitions of T
18、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air core, nrefers to products in which the air spacesbetween cable core components (pairs, etc.) remain in theirunfilled or natural state.3.2.2 armored wire or cable, nwire or cable in which theshielded or jacketed or shielded and jacketed wire or cable iscomplet
19、ely enclosed by a metallic covering designed to protectthe underlying telecommunications elements from mechanicaldamage.3.2.3 cable, telecommunications, nproducts of six or morepairs.3.2.4 filled core, nthose products in which air spaces arefilled with some materials intended to exclude air or moist
20、ure,or both.3.2.5 low frequency cable, ncable used for transmittingsignals at a frequency of 2 MHz or less.3.2.6 pair, ntwo insulated conductors combined with atwist.3.2.7 sheath, nthe jacket and any underlying layers ofshield, armor, or other intermediate material down to but notincluding the core
21、wrap.3.2.8 shielded wire or cable, nwire or cable in which thecore (or inner jacket) is completely enclosed by a metalliccovering designed to shield the core from electrostatic orelectromagnetic interference, or both.3.2.9 wire, telecommunications, nproducts containing lessthan six pairs.ELECTRICAL
22、TESTS OF INSULATIONIN-PROCESS4. Scope4.1 In-process electrical tests are used primarily as processcontrol tools in an attempt to minimize the number andmagnitude of problems detected at final test of completedcable.5. Significance and Use5.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide informa-ti
23、on with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation.The electrical test values give an indication as to how theinsulation will perform under conditions similar to thoseobserved in the tests. Electrical tests provide data for researchand development, engineering design, quality control, and
24、acceptance or rejection under specifications.6. Spark Test6.1 The spark test is intended to detect defects in theinsulation of insulated wire conductors. Spark testers arecommonly used to detect insulation defects (faults) at conduc-tor insulating operations, at pair twisting operations, and(occasio
25、nally) at operations for assembly or subassembly ofconductors. In selected instances, spark tests are used to detectdefects in the jackets of shielded wire and cable, and in suchcases, spark testers appear on cable jacketing lines. The basicmethod calls for a voltage to be applied between a grounded
26、conductor and an electrode that is in mechanical contact withthe surface of the material being tested.The wire or cable undertest usually moves continuously against the electrode. Whenthe dielectric medium is faulty (for example, excessively thinor missing, as in a pin-hole or when mechanically dama
27、ged),the impressed voltage will produce an arc to the groundedconductor. This arcing or sparking will usually activate one ormore indicators (such as, warning buzzers or lights, counters,etc.) and, when appropriately interlocked, are sometimes usedto halt the production or movement of the item throu
28、gh thespark tester electrode. For telecommunications products, thenumber of faults is usually only counted while productioncontinues. Jacket defects are sometimes flagged when detected.Jacket defects and units of insulated wire containing anexcessive number of faults are either repaired or disposed
29、of.6.2 WarningLethal voltages Lethal voltages are a poten-tial hazard during the performance of this test. It is essentialthat the test apparatus, and all associated equipment electricallyconnected to it, be properly designed and installed for safeoperation.6.2.1 Solidly ground all electrically cond
30、uctive parts whichit is possible for a person to contact during the test.6.2.2 Provide means for use at the completion of any test toground any parts which were at high voltage during the test orhave the potential for acquiring an induced charge during thetest or retaining a charge even after discon
31、nection of thevoltage source.6.2.3 Thoroughly instruct all operators as to the correctprocedures for performing tests safely.6.2.4 When making high voltage tests, particularly in com-pressed gas or in oil, it is possible for the energy released atbreakdown to be sufficient to result in fire, explosi
32、on, orrupture of the test chamber. Design test equipment, testchambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the possibilityof such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility of personalinjury. If the potential for fire exists, have fire suppressionequipment available.6.3 Unless otherwise limited
33、by detailed specificationrequirements, spark testers used generate either an ac or dc test3Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, EastEnglewood, CO 80112-5704, http:/.D4566 142voltage; if ac, one or more of various frequencies are used. Forsafety to personnel, spark test equi
34、pment is usually current-limited to levels normally considered to be non-lethal. Unlessotherwise specified, the test voltage level employed shall be atthe discretion of the manufacturer.6.4 Unless otherwise limited by detailed specificationrequirements, various types of electrodes such as bead chain
35、s,water, ionized air and spring rods are among electrode typesthat have been successfully employed at the discretion of themanufacturer. The length of the electrode is also variable;unless otherwise limited by detailed specificationrequirements, electrode size and length shall be such that thetester
36、 will operate successfully for any particular rate of travelof the product through the tester that is used. In spite of currentlimitations, electrodes are normally provided with groundedmetallic screens or shields to guard against accidental person-nel contact.6.5 Both ends of the conductor of an in
37、sulated wire, or bothends of a metallic shield under a cable jacket are grounded, andthen attached to the ground side of the tester. Attach the highvoltage side of the tester to the sparker electrode. Set the testvoltage at the level specified. Unless otherwise specified,energize the spark tester wh
38、enever the product to be tested ismoving through the electrode. Take appropriate action (forexample, flag defects, count defects, adjust the process, etc.)when and if defects are detected.6.6 Report:6.6.1 Report the following information recorded on suitableforms (that is, production reports):6.6.1.
39、1 Machine number and type (that is, extruder, twister,etc.),6.6.1.2 Date of production test,6.6.1.3 Insulation type (air core or filled core), conductorgage and footage,6.6.1.4 Voltage level, and6.6.1.5 Number of indicated faults.6.7 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determine
40、d. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis spark test since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the productspecification.7. Insulation Defect or Fault RateIn-Process7.1 For purposes of in-process quality control, it is desirableto moni
41、tor and record in-process faults at a particular operation(such as, extruders, twisters, etc.) and relate the number ofdefects found to the quantity of product produced.7.2 When appropriate, and using records of the quantity ofproduct produced versus the number of insulation defectscounted, a fault
42、rate such as the following ratio is used:Fault Rate 5NL51X(1)where:N = the number of faults detected,L = the length of the product over which the faults aredetected, andX = the average length of the product per fault.7.3 Fault rates are determined for any particular time frameas desired; however, mi
43、nimum industry practice is to keep faultrate records covering periods approximating 1 month, withcumulative records kept for 6-month periods (for example, forthe first 6 months of the year, the fault rate was 1/40 000 ft,meaning 1 fault/40 000 conductor ft).7.4 ReportReport in accordance with 6.6.7.
44、5 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis test for insulation defect or fault rate since the resultmerely states whether there is conformance to the criteria forsuccess specified in the product specification.8. DC Proof Test
45、In-Process8.1 For purposes of in-process quality control, it is desirableto dc proof test product at one or more stages of processingprior to the final test operation. Such testing is normally at thediscretion of the manufacturer.8.2 Conduct wire-to-wire dc proof tests in accordance withSection 37 a
46、t a suitable stage of production as designated bythe factory management.8.3 ReportReport in accordance with Section 52 exceptthat 52.1.5 does not apply.8.4 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis dc proof test since the resu
47、lt merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the productspecification.ELECTRICAL TESTS OF COMPLETED WIREAND CABLE9. Scope9.1 Electrical tests of completed wire and cable includeverification of some or all of the properties in accordance withSections 11 throug
48、h 51.10. Significance and Use10.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide informa-tion with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation orof the jacket, or both. The electrical test values give anindication as to how the wire or cable, or both, will performunder conditions similar
49、to those observed in the tests. Elec-trical tests provide data for research and development, engi-neering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejectionunder specifications.11. Conductor Continuity11.1 Continuity of the conductors of a telecommunicationswire and cable is a critical characteristic.11.2 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon, conductorcontinuity shall be verified using a dc potential of 100 V orless. Manual continuity checkers commonly take a form of aD4566 143battery voltage source of 9 V, in series with a vi
