1、Designation: D4803 10 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPredicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers prediction of the heat buildup inrigid and flexible PVC building products above a
3、mbient airtemperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorptionof the suns energy.NOTE 1This test method is expected to be applicable to all types ofcolored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden thescope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.NOT
4、E 2There are no ISO standards covering the primary subjectmatter of this test method.1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembledwindows and doors are covered in Specification D4726.1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered inSpecification F964.1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles
5、are covered in SpecificationD3679.1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in SpecificationD4477.1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building productscompounds are covered in Specification D4216.1.7 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. Thes
6、e notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of this test method.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
7、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safetyhazard statements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Re
8、lating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)SidingD4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)and
9、 Related PVC and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) Building Products CompoundsD4477 Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) SoffitD4726 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windowsand DoorsE631 Terminology of
10、Building ConstructionsF964 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and Railing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D883 or E631 and abbreviations with TerminologyD1600 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions o
11、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat buildupthe increase in temperature above thatof ambient air due to the amount of energy absorbed by aspecimen from the sun.3.2.2 temperature risethe increase in temperature abovethat of ambient (laboratory) air due to absorption of energyfrom a heating la
12、mp (source).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The PVC product (extruded product, injection moldedpart, or compression molded) is cut apart to obtain a flat testspecimen at least 3 by 3 by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.56 0.5 mm).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plas
13、ticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic BuildingProducts.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4803 - 97 (2002)1.DOI: 10.1520/D4803-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100
15、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 The test specimen is heated under the infrared reflectiveheat lamp to determine the temperature rise above ambient(laboratory) temperature relative to a black control sample.4.3 The temperature rise data, obtained in
16、 the laboratory fora given test specimen, is then used to predict the heat buildup,which may occur outdoors due to the sun.5. Significance and Use5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due toabsorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortionproblems. Heat buildup is affected by
17、 the color, emittance,absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darkerthe color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and thegreater is the heat buildup. However, even with the sameapparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specificpigment system involved. The greates
18、t heat buildup generallyoccurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. Theblack control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 partsof furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. Themaximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for thisblack is 90F (50C) for a 45 or h
19、orizontal surface when thesun is perpendicular to the surface and 74F (41C) for avertical surface assuming that the measurements were done ona cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the backof the specimen.3See Appendix X1.5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the tem-perature r
20、ise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that ofa black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup dueto the suns energy.5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup ofvarious colors or pigment systems, or both.5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup comparedto b
21、lack under certain defined severe conditions but does notpredict actual application temperatures of the product. Thesewill also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun,clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing ApparatusThe apparatus shall
22、be constructedessentially as shown in Fig. 1 and shall consist of thefollowing:6.1.1 Wooden Box, opened from the top and the front andlined with 1-in. (25.4-mm) thick white rigid hydrous calciumsilicate heat insulation.6.1.2 White Infrared Heat Lamp, 250-W.46.1.3 Thermocouple, 40-gage Type J (iron-c
23、onstantan); orequivalent.6.1.4 Digital Read-Out Temperature Meter, Type J; orequivalent.NOTE 3The type of insulation may affect absolute temperature rise.However, the calculated values of predicted maximum heat buildup,relative to a black does not appear to be affected, based on a laboratorystudy co
24、mparing white rigid hydrous calcium silicate heat insulation withaluminum foil insulation having equivalent thermal resistance.NOTE 4The intensity of the heat lamp has an effect on absolutetemperature rise, however, it does not appear to influence the calculatedvalues of predicted maximum heat build
25、up relative to the black control.The 250-W infrared heat lamp was selected because a higher intensitylamp results in excessive temperature rise. This leads to excessivesoftening of the specimen under study, especially in the case of the blackcontrol. A lower intensity lamp requires a longer testing
26、time and,therefore, is considered undesirable.6.2 The thermocouple shall be inserted through a 0.125-in.(3.18-mm) hole in the bottom of the box, so that it extends 0.25in. (6.35 mm) above the bottom surface of the box. Thethermocouple bends under the weight of the specimen, butshall retain contact w
27、ith the specimen when the specimen is inplace. The lamp shall be installed perpendicular to the thermo-couple.6.3 The distance from the bottom of the box to the bottomsurface of the lamp shall be 15.5 6 1 in. (39.4 6 2.5 cm).NOTE 5Calculated heat buildup for the specimens is independent ofthe distan
28、ce between the light source and the surface of the specimen.However, shorter distances lead to very high maximum equilibriumtemperatures, especially for dark colors, which might cause distortion ofthe specimen. Larger distances between the light source and the specimencause less test sensitivity and
29、 less reproducibility.6.4 Install the apparatus in a room characterized by still airwithout drafts due to air conditioning, etc.7. Safety Precautions7.1 The heating lamp is hot during the test. Touching it willcause burns.3Summers and Brown, SPE Technical Papers, XXV, 1979, p. 403.4A G.E. heat lamp
30、has been found satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Temperature RiseD4803 1028. Sampling8.1 Select samples in a statistically acceptable manner. Thesamples shall be representative of the color or pigment system,or both, under study.9. Test Specimens9.1 Test flat smooth-surfac
31、ed test specimens at least 3 by 3by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.5 6 0.5 mm), cut from theselected samples.9.2 A similar size control specimen shall be prepared fromany rigid PVC compound containing 2.5 parts Black Pearls7005or equivalent furnace type carbon black without any otherpigmentation.
32、See Practice D4703.10. Procedure10.1 Maintain the ambient air temperature in the laboratory,measured 3 ft from the side of the testing box, at 75 6 5F.10.2 Set the specimen on the bottom of the box so that itscenter is in contact with the thermocouple. Use two-sidedadhesive tape between the specimen
33、 and the box to ensurecontact with the thermocouple.10.3 Turn on the heat lamp and digital read out temperaturemeter.10.4 From the temperature meter, record the equilibriumtemperature of the specimen. Usually it takes no more than 30min for the PVC specimens having thickness equal to or lessthan 0.0
34、75 in. (1.9 mm). See Fig. 2 for relationship of the timerequired to reach equilibrium temperature and the thickness ofthe PVC specimens.10.5 Measure the maximum temperature of the controlspecimen prior to the specimens under study but within2hofthe other temperature rise measurements.11. Calculation
35、11.1 Temperature rise above ambient temperature:Tlu 5 Tm 2 Ta (1)where: Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory under the heat lamp,Tm = maximum temperature of the specimen, as readfrom the digital temperature meter, andTa = ambient air temperature in the laboratory.11.2 He
36、at buildup:T 5TluTlb3 Tb (2)where: T = predicted heat buildup of the specimen under studydue to heating by the sun, Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory for the specimen under study,Tlb = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory for a black control sam
37、ple,Tb = heat buildup for a black control sample undercontrolled conditions due to absorption of the sunsenergy (found experimentally), Tb = for vertical position, 74F or 41C, andTb = for horizontal position, 90F or 50C.NOTE 6Conversion equations for Tb are as follows:C22 C15 F22 32!5/9 2 F12 32!5/9
38、C22 C15 5/9F 2 5/9 332 2 5/9F15/9 332C 5 5/9F conversion equation!11.3 To determine maximum temperature the specimen canachieve outdoors under the most severe conditions (clear skies,no wind, sun is perpendicular to the specimen), the predictedheat buildup temperature must be added to the ambienttem
39、perature.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Complete identification of the specimen tested, color,manufacturers code,12.1.2 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature inthe laboratory for the black control specimen,12.1.3 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature i
40、nthe laboratory for the specimen under study, and12.1.4 Heat buildup, degrees Fahrenheit (degrees Celsius),of the test specimen under study.13. Precision and Bias13.1 For precision and bias data, see Table 1.14. Keywords14.1 heat buildup; PVC building products; sun energyabsorption; weathering5Avail
41、able from Cabot Corp., P.O. Box 188, Tuscola, IL 61953.FIG. 2 Time for Maximum Equilibrium Temperature Rise as aFunction of the Sample Thickness for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)D4803 103APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CORRELATION OF HEAT LAMP TO SOLAR ENERGY HEATING OF VINYLTABLE 1 Precision and BiasA
42、,BMaterial Color MeanHeatBuildup,CValues as a Percentage of the MeanSr SRIr IRM1 Gray 31.25 3.3 5.1 9.3 14.4M 2 Beige 27.76 4.7 6.8 13.3 19.2M 3 Beige 29.63 3.1 8.8 8.8 24.9M 4 Gray 24.08 2.3 5.8 6.5 16.4M 5 Brown 34.56 6.0 7.5 17.0 21.2M 6 White 20.18 5.8 10.9 16.4 30.8M 7 Brown 33.38 6.0 3.6 17.0
43、10.2M 8 Beige 26.75 7.5 4.5 21.2 12.7M 9 Green 28.12 4.4 7.5 12.5 21.2M 10 Brown 39.34 2.7 2.8 7.6 7.9M 11 Beige 27.32 4.3 6.6 12.2 18.7M 12 Brown 34.49 6.4 4.0 18.1 11.3M 13 Green 34.28 2.8 4.4 7.9 12.4Precision (Average) 4.8 6.1 13.6 17.3ATable 1 is based on a round-robin study conducted in 1985,
44、involving 13 materialstested by 6 laboratories. Each test result was based on 44 individual determina-tions. Each laboratory obtained 8 test results for each material. Supporting datahave been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR:D20-1142.BIn T
45、able 1, for the materials indicated:Sr = pooled within-laboratories standard deviation of the average of 40 testspecimens,SR= pooled between-laboratories standard deviation of the average of 40 testspecimens,Ir = 2.83 Srrepeatability, andIR= 2.83 SRreproducibility.NOTE 1Source: Summers and Brown, SP
46、E Technical Papers, XXV, 1979, p. 403.FIG. X1.1 Correlation of Heat Lamp to Solar Energy Heating of VinylD4803 104SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D4803 - 97(2002)1) that may impact the use of this standard. (Novem
47、ber 1, 2010)(1) Removed withdrawn standard D1898.(2) Replaced withdrawn standard D3010 with D4703.(3) Addressed non-mandatory language in 6.2sample grid isnot required.(4) Addressed referenced withdrawn standard D1898 in Sec-tion 8.(5) Addressed non-mandatory language in 10.2(6) SRwas corrected in T
48、able 1 footnote because both SrandSRwere described as “within lab.”ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
49、such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commit
