1、Designation: D7826 17 An American National StandardStandard Guide forEvaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New AviationGasoline Additives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for usein research reports for new aviati
3、on gasolines or new aviationgasoline additives.1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcom-mittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel foruse as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity,and to make a determination that the proposed properties andcrite
4、ria in the associated standard specification provide thenecessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitabilityduring high-volume production.1.3 These research reports are intended to support thedevelopment and issuance of new specifications or specifica-tion revisions for these products.
5、Guidance to develop ASTMInternational standard specifications for aviation gasoline isprovided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels OperatingProcedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development andAcceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”1.4 The proce
6、dures, tests, selection of materials, engines,and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industryexpertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of thediversity of aviation hardware and potential variation infuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encom-passed and further wo
7、rk may be required. Therefore, additionaldata beyond that described in this guide may be requested bythe ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02upon review of the specific composition, performance, or othercharacteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.1.5 While it is beyond the scope o
8、f this guide, investigationof the future health and environmental impacts of the newaviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and therequirements of environmental agencies is recommended.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.6.1 ExceptionSome industry standard m
9、ethodologiesutilize imperial units as their primary system (permeability;Table A2.1).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices an
10、d determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
11、mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD156 Test Method f
12、or Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermop
13、las-tic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD873 Test Method for Oxidati
14、on Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition a
15、pproved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7826 16. DOI:10.1520/D7826-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
16、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was develop
17、ed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D892 Test Method for
18、Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-IgnitionAviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-cal Insulating Liq
19、uidsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD1094 Test Me
20、thod for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension ofSolutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-ActiveAgents, and
21、 Related MaterialsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2344/D2344M Test Method for Short-Beam Strength ofPolymer Matrix Composite Material
22、s andTheir LaminatesD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand D
23、istillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Semi-M
24、icro Color Indicator TitrationD3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3652 Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-SensitiveTapesD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (We
25、dge Test)D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combust
26、ion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5188 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio TemperatureDetermination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and PistonBased Method)D5191 Test Method for Va
27、por Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petro-leum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6053 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicCompound
28、 (VOC) Content of Electrical Insulating Var-nishesD6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-taining a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6424 Practice for Oc
29、tane Rating NaturallyAspirated SparkIgnition Aircraft EnginesD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6812 Practice for Ground-Based Octane Rating Proceduresfor Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Ignition AircraftEnginesD7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling RangeDis
30、tribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary GasChromatographyD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded AviationGasolineE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-calsE1259 Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in LiquidFuels Boiling Below 390C2.2 EI Standards:3EI 1529 Aviation fu
31、elling hose and hose assembliesEI 1581 Specification and qualification procedures for avia-tion jet fuel filter/separatorsEI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levelsfor aviation fuel filter monitorsEI 1590 Specifications and qualification procedures for avia-tion fuel microfilters2.3 MOD
32、UK Standard:4MODUK DEF STAN 80-97 Paint System, for the Interior ofBulk Fuel Tank and Fittings, Multi-Pack2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 1825 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraftground fuelling and defuellingSpecification3Available from Publications Team, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St.,Lond
33、on W1G 7AR, UK, http:/www.energyinst.org.4Available from UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, Rm. 1138, 65Brown St., Glasgow G2 8EX.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D7826 172ISO 20823 Determination
34、of the flammability characteristicsof fluids in contact with hot surfacesManifold ignitiontest2.5 UL Standard:6UL 94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Mate-rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing2.6 Federal Standards:7DOT/FAA/AR-03/21 Characterization of In-Plane, Shear-Loaded
35、 Adhesive Lap Joints: Experiments and AnalysisDOT/FAA/AR-06/10 Guidelines and Recommended Crite-ria for the Development of a Material Specification forCarbon Fiber/Epoxy Fabric Prepregs14 CFR Part 33:49 Block Tests; Reciprocating AircraftEnginesEndurance TestFed-Std-791 Testing Method of Lubricants,
36、 Liquid Fuels,and Related ProductsMIL-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resistant, In-tegral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion2.7 SAE Standards:8SAEAMS-C-6183 Cork and Rubber Composition Sheet; forAromatic Fuel and Oil Resistant GasketsSAE AS4842 Fittings and Bosses, Pipe Threaded,
37、 FluidConnectionSAE AMS 7276 Rubber: Fluorocarbon (FKM) High-Temperature-Fluid Resistant Low Compression Set forSeals in Fuel systems and Specific Engine Oil Systems2.8 IP Standards:9IP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyIP 15 Determination of Pour PointIP 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviat
38、ion fuelsManual MethodIP 69 Determination of Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 71 Transparent and Opaque LiquidsDetermination ofKinematic Viscosity and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ityIP 119 Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasolines by theSupercharged MethodIP 123 Determination of Distillation Charact
39、eristics at At-mospheric PressureIP 138 Determination of Oxidation Stability ofAviation FuelPotential Residue MethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density HydrometerMethodIP 196 Determination of Colour (ASTM scale)IP 219 Determination of Cloud PointIP
40、 236 Determination of Knock Characteristics of Motor andAviation FuelsMotor MethodIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 394 Liquid Petroleum ProductsVapour Pressu
41、rePart1: Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure(ASVP) and Calculated Dry Vapour Pressure Equivalent(DVPE)IP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nin aviation gasoline, substance
42、added to abase aviation gasoline in relatively small amounts that eitherenables that base aviation gasoline to meet the applicablespecification properties or does not alter the applicable speci-fication properties of that base aviation gasoline beyondallowable limits.3.1.2 aviation gasoline, nfuel d
43、erived from petroleum ornon-petroleum materials possessing specific properties suitablefor operating aircraft powered by spark-ignition piston engines.3.1.2.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties includecombustion, fluidity, volatility corrosion, stability, watershedding, and detonation-free performance i
44、n the engine (orengines) for which it is intended. In the context of this guide,the terms fuel and gasoline are interchangeable.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical altitude, nmaximum altitude at which, instandard atmosphere, it is possible to maintain at a specificengin
45、e revolutions per minute (RPM), a specified power, or aspecified manifold pressure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUnless otherwise stated, the criticalaltitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible tomaintain, at the maximum engine RPM, one of the following:(1) The maximum continuous power, in the case
46、 of enginesfor which this power rating is the same, at sea level and at therated altitude, or(2) The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, inthe case of engines, the maximum continuous power of whichis governed by a constant manifold pressure.3.2.2 fit-for-purpose (FFP), adjin aviation gasolin
47、e, de-scribes a condition of acceptance of an aviation fuel or aviationfuel additive that signifies acceptable performance in existingand future aircraft and aircraft engines, but not necessarily allexisting or future aircraft and engines.3.2.3 fit-for-purpose properties, ncharacteristics of anaviat
48、ion fuel or aviation fuel additive in the fuel that are notcontrolled by the fuel specification or specification propertiesbut that are specified for evaluation in addition to the specifi-cation properties to provide a comprehensive assessment of thesuitability of an aviation fuel for use on existin
49、g or futureaircraft and aircraft engines, but not necessarily all existing orfuture aircraft and engines.3.2.4 sponsor, nentity submitting a new fuel or new fueladditive for review.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This guide gives sponsors of a new aviation gasoline oraviation gasoline additive guidance on evaluation procedures6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC
