1、Designation: E2619/E2619M 091An American National StandardStandard Practice forMeasuring and Calculating Building Loss Features ThatTake Up Floor Area in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2619/E2619M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information and designation was corrected editorially in Apr
3、il 2009.1. Scope1.1 This practice specifies how to measure certain charac-teristics of a building, known as building loss features, insidethe exterior gross area of a floor and how to calculate theamount of actual and effective floor area that will be not beavailable for the placement of peoples wor
4、kplaces, furniture,equipment, or for circulation, if using standard furnishings andorthogonal furniture systems.1.2 This practice can be used to specify a performancerequirement to limit the amount of floor area that may be takenup by building loss features.1.3 This practice can be used to assess ho
5、w well a design(s)for an office facility meets a performance requirement regard-ing floor area.1.4 This practice can be used to assess how well a con-structed office building has met a performance requirementregarding floor area.1.5 This practice is not intended for and not suitable for usefor regul
6、atory purposes, fire hazard assessment, and fire riskassessment.1.6 Users of this practice should recognize that, in somesituations, the amount of certain actual and effective floor arealosses may be mitigated to some degree at some cost bycustom-tailoring spaces and creating specially fitted furnis
7、h-ings and carpentry to get some value from space which wouldnot otherwise be usable.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently
8、of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
9、 practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1836/E1836M Practice for Building Floor Area Measure-ments for Facility Management2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 Standard M
10、ethod for MeasuringFloor Area in Office Buildings2.3 Other Standards:4ASHRAE 62.12007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor AirQuality3. Terminology53.1 Definitions:3.1.1 facility, na physical setting used to serve a specificpurpose.3.1.1.1 DiscussionA facility may be within a building, awhole building,
11、 or a building with its site and surroundingenvironment; or it may be a construction that is not a building.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 onWhole Buildings and Facilities.Current edi
12、tion approved April 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2619 08. DOI:10.1520/E2619_E2619M-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
13、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Co
14、nditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.5Certain definitions of terms in this practice were agreed in 2007 by a WorkingGroup established jointly by the Building Owners and Managers Association(BOMA) International and the International Facil
15、ity Management Association(IFMA). Certain terms were derived from referenced ASTM standards or fromreferenced ANSI standard, or from published IFMA documents. Ownership ofcopyright to specific terms is indicated by footnotes. Certain terms are quoted fromother ASTM standards, in which case the ASTM
16、source is identified at the end ofthe definition.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1The term encompasses both the physical object and its use.E6313.1.2 For standard definitions of additional terms applicableto this practi
17、ce, see Terminology E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 actual loss, nof floor area, floor area not availablefor the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture, or equip-ment or for circulation because occupied by a physical buildingfeature or required by law or regulation.
18、3.2.2 building loss factor, nin a facility, expressed as apercentage of a facilitys exterior gross area, the space notactually or effectively available for planning because of build-ing configuration.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIt is the floor area percentage that mustbe used for excess circulation, oversize
19、footprints, “deadspace,” or encroachments because of floorplate configuration.3.2.3 building loss feature, nelement of a building, oraspect of its design, inside the exterior gross area, that costfloor area which could otherwise be used for the placement ofpeoples workplaces, furniture, or equipment
20、 or for circulation.3.2.4 dominant portion, nthe inside surface of the outsidewall. ANSI/BOMA Z65.1199663.2.5 effective loss, of floor area, nfloor area not availablefor the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture, or equip-ment or for circulation because of configuration of buildingelements or l
21、egally binding document.3.2.5.1 DiscussionOccurs typically if using standard ormanufactured furnishings or orthogonal furniture system(s) ina floorplate with a non-orthogonal configuration, but thissometimes may be partially mitigated by using specially-builtor built-in furnishings. An example of a
22、legally bindingdocument is a requirement in a lease.3.2.6 exterior gross area, nthe area of the floor measuredto the outside face of the walls that enclose the floor(s) of thebuilding.3.2.6.1 DiscussionAreas which are not enclosed, such aspatios and balconies, are not part of exterior gross area.Cor
23、nices, pilasters, buttresses, and so forth that extend beyondthe wall face are disregarded. The exterior gross area of abasement space includes the area measured to the outside faceof basement or foundation walls. A balcony that is not fullyenclosed, whether or not it extends beyond the line of theo
24、utside wall face, is not included in the exterior gross area.3.2.7 floor area, narea in the horizontal plane of thebottom level of a story or stories in a building.3.2.8 floorplate, nentire floor of a building, thought of asa solid plane with specific shape and dimensions.3.2.9 interior encroachment
25、, nbase building element thatis located inside a building, not on an outer wall, and preventsthe use of the floor area for furniture, equipment, circulation, orother occupant function.73.2.9.1 DiscussionExamples include but are not limitedto: pilaster, convector, baseboard heating unit, radiator.3.2
26、.10 interior gross area, nportion of the floor(s) that istotally enclosed within the dominant portion.73.2.11 occupied zone, nregion within an occupied spacebetween planes 75 and 1800 mm (3 and 72 in.) above the floorand more than 600 mm (2 ft) from the walls or fixedair-conditioning equipment (see
27、ASHRAE 62.12007).3.2.12 orthogonal, nrelating to or composed of rightangles.3.2.13 perimeter encroachment, nbase building elementor restricted area that is located inside the dominant portion ofa building on the outer wall and that prevents the use of thefloor area for furniture, equipment, circulat
28、ion, or other occu-pant function.73.2.13.1 DiscussionExamples are windowsills inside thedominant portion, pilasters, and columns attached to theoutside walls and convectors.3.2.14 plannable area, nplannable gross area less the areataken up by major vertical penetrations, void areas, serviceareas, an
29、d either primary circulation on an occupied or plannedfloor or base building circulation on an empty floor.3.2.15 plannable gross area, nportion of a floor that istotally enclosed within the interior face of perimeter encroach-ments at the floor plane and where there are no perimeterencroachments en
30、closed at the inside finished surface of theexterior walls.83.2.15.1 DiscussionPlannable gross area typically ex-cludes perimeter encroachments that prevent the placement ofthe occupants furniture and equipment.3.2.16 planning grid, ngrid to which building elementssuch as the ceiling, the partitions
31、, and the columns are aligned.3.2.17 primary circulation, nminimum path on a floor foraccess to egress stairs, elevator lobbies, toilet rooms, refugeareas, building lobbies, and entrances.73.2.18 standard space module, nunit of floor area withdimensions set as standard for a category of offices or w
32、ork-stations.4. Significance and Use4.1 Use this practice to identify and measure the amount ofactual and effective floor area that will be unavailable tooccupants for the placement of peoples workplaces, furniture,and equipment or for circulation.4.2 Findings from use of this practice are intended
33、foroptional inclusion with reports of floor area measured inaccordance with Practice E1836/E1836M or in accordancewith ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996.6In the 1996 edition, which is copyright by BOMA, the dominant portion isdefined as the inside face of the portion of the wall which is window glass where itis m
34、ore than 50 % of the vertical distance from finished floor to finished ceiling, andelsewhere is the inside face of the outside wall, or of a pilaster or column attachedto the outside wall where they occur. Note that the reader is cautioned thatANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 is developed by and subject to the a
35、uthority of BOMAInternational, which may change it from time to time at its sole option. It is notdefined as a part of this ASTM standard.7ASTM International copyright is shared with BOMA International.8New term for which copyright is shared by ASTM International and BOMAInternational.E2619/E2619M 0
36、9124.3 this practice is not intended for use for regulatorypurposes, nor for fire hazard assessment, nor for fire riskassessment.5. Basis of Practice5.1 Use this practice to specify a performance requirementto limit the amount of floor area that is permitted to be takenup, or is actually taken up by
37、, building features inside theexterior gross area, as measured in accordance with PracticeE1836/E1836M.5.2 Use this practice to assess how well a design(s) for anoffice facility meets such a performance requirement.5.3 Use this practice to assess how well an existing officefacility has met a perform
38、ance requirement.5.4 Use this practice to compare how well different build-ings or facilities meet a performance requirement. This practiceis applicable despite differences such as location, structure,mechanical systems, age, and building shape.5.5 Use this practice to calculate the amount of varian
39、cefrom a performance target about floor area during design andconstruction phases.6. Procedure for Measurement and Calculation6.1 This practice practice uses imperial units to measurefloor area. Other measurement units can be used to measurefloor area.6.2 For each building element or aspect of desig
40、n, measurethe actual loss of floor area and the effective loss using themethod and measurement sequence in this practice.6.3 Location of the Dominant Portion:6.3.1 Determine the location(s) of the Dominant Portion ofthe inside face of the exterior walls, as defined inANSI/BOMAZ65.11996.6.4 Exterior
41、WallsSize, Shape, and Dimensions:6.4.1 Buildings vary in their capacity to accommodatedifferent sizes and categories of occupants without excessivewaste of floor area, while maintaining other levels of service.6.4.2 The geometry of a buildings typical floors (forexample, shape and dimensions formed
42、by the exterior build-ing walls and dimensions of its grid) will affect how muchspace will be lost because it cannot be subdivided into roomsor workstations.6.4.3 If designs for the geometry and building grid dimen-sions do not take this into account, then the amount of floorarea available for plann
43、ing and fitup may be substantiallyreduced.6.4.4 Irregular exterior walls, non-orthogonal exterior walls,and the dimensions of the space can severely limit and evendictate the nature of the fitup on a floor.6.5 Exterior Wall and Its Relation to the Ceiling Grid:6.5.1 The example shown in shows a cond
44、ition in whichthere is no effective loss due to either the design of thefloorplate, the resulting dimensions formed by the buildingsexterior building walls and dimensions of the ceiling grid.6.5.2 In this example, the ceiling grid line is located 50 mm(2 in.) (for example, one-half the thickness of
45、a partition wall)inside the exterior wall and a result there is no actual oreffective loss for this feature.6.5.3 In contrast to Fig. 1, the location of the ceiling grids inhave slightly different alignments and demonstrates how effec-tive loss has been introduced into the design.6.5.4 If the Condit
46、ion IsThe ceiling grid is at the interiorface of the exterior wall or some distance from the interior faceof the exterior wall, then there is effective loss of floor area forpeople, furniture, and equipment, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.6.5.5 Then the Measurement Rule IsMeasure the effectiveloss from t
47、he finished surface of the interior face of the exteriorwall to the next ceiling grid. (Refer to Figs. 2 and 3.) Thehatched areas in each of these figures indicate the effective loss,which is the amount of extra floor area that will be required toalign the office wall with the first ceiling grid. Su
48、m themeasurements to determine the effective loss for this feature.6.6 Exterior Wall That Deviates from the Orthogonal:6.6.1 If the Condition IsThe exterior wall(s) deviates fromthe orthogonal and reduces the proportion of floor areaavailable for planning and fitup.6.6.2 When an enclosed office is n
49、ext to a non-orthogonal,or irregular, wall the actual floor area that would be required tolayout the office would be larger than the area allowed for inthe programming document. The floor area in excess of theallowed area is effective loss, as indicated by the hatched areain Figs. 4 and 5.6.6.3 The same situation occurs when an open workstationis next to non-orthogonal wall. In Fig. 4, the exterior walldeviates from the orthogonal and creates effective loss asindicated by the hatched area.6.6.4 Then the Measurement Rule IsMeasure
