1、Designation: F1145 05 (Reapproved 2011) An American National StandardStandard Specification forTurnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specific
3、ation covers swaged welded, cast, or forgedturnbuckles with and without jam nuts.1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeveintended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jawat each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, andso forth.1.3 The values stated in inch-
4、pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard
6、-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements f
7、or SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc onIron and SteelD3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging2.2 AWS Standards:3AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electro
8、desAWS A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding RodsAWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Elec-trodes2.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNRThread Form)ANSI B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts2.4 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,and
9、 Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test MethodsMIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Develop-ment and Application of Packaging Requirements2.5 Military Specification:5MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods ofMIL-L-19140 Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated2.6 Federal Specifications:4PPP-B-636 Boxe
10、s, Shipping, FiberboardPPP-F-320 Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock(Container Grade) and Cut Shapes2.7 Federal Standard:5FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)3. Classification3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be ofthe following types and grades, as specifie
11、d (see 4.1.3 and4.1.7):3.1.1 Type IOpen turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.45.2.7):3.1.1.1 Grade:(1) Forged(2) Spread(3) Resistance welded(4) Arc or gas welded3.1.2 Type IIPipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).3.1.3 Type IIIRigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of
12、ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1145 05. DOI:10.1520/F1145-05R11.2For refer
13、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miam
14、i, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM In
15、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standard
16、s, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be ofthe following classes and sizes, as specified (see 4.1.3):3.2.1 Classes:Aturnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads notdri
17、lled.Bturnbuckle, body only without end pulls, headsthreaded right and left hand.Cturnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.Dturnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete.Eturnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.Fturnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.Gturnbuckle with j
18、aw and jaw end pulls, complete.Hturnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pullsfor Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1.3.2.2 SizesShall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material un
19、der this specification shall includethe following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Quantity required,4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3),4.1.7
20、Grade required, if Type I is specified (see 3.1.1),4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 and S2).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle andend pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meetthe requirements of Table 3.5.1.2
21、For materials used for welded turnbuckle bodies, eyeand jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum.FIG. 1 Classes of TurnbucklesTABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,Class CNOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mm.SizeThread,NominalOutsi
22、deDiameter,in.Clear Opening Between Head, in.4412 6 9 12 18 24 36 4814 X . . . . . . . .516 . X . . . . . . .38 . . X . . . . . .12 . . X X X . . . .58 . . X X X X . . .34 XXXXX78 . . X . X X X . .1 XXXXX114 XXXXX138 . . X . . . . . .112 XXXXXX134 XXXXX2 . . X . . . X X X214 . . X . . . X X X212 . .
23、 X . . . X X X234 . . X . . . . . X3 . . X . . . . . X312 . . X . . . . . X4 . . X . . . . . XTABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and H.NOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mmSizeThread,NominalOutsideDiameter,in.Clear Opening Between Heads, in.4412 6 9 12 18 24 36 4814 X . . . . . . . .516 . X . . . . . . .38 .
24、. X . . . . . .12 . . X X X . . . .58 . . X X X X . . .34 XXXXX78 . . . . X X X . .1 XXXX114 XXXX112 XXXXX134 XXXX2 . . . . . . X X X214 . . . . . . X X X212 . . . . . . X X XF1145 05 (2011)25.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-handthreaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a typ
25、eselected from Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordancewith Specification A29/A29M.5.1.4 Jaw end pulls58 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall beprovided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercialquality. Jaw end pulls34 in. (19 mm) and larger shall beprovided with a round head steel pin and c
26、otter of commercialvalue.5.2 Manufacture:5.2.1 Eye End PullsEye end pulls shall be forged, resis-tance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of theproducer, except that when forged bodies are specified, forged-eye end pulls shall be required.5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at
27、elevatedtemperature to final shape and size and shall be similar to Fig.2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar toFig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material bybending the material to form the eye and joined by resi
28、stancewelding process.5.2.1.3 Arc- or gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar toFig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material bybending the material to form the eye and joined by welding.The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less thanthe cross-sectional area of the b
29、ar.5.2.2 Jaw End PullsJaw end pulls shall be forged, arc orgas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except thatif forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall beprovided.5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5.5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be simil
30、ar to Fig.6.5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 7.5.2.3 Hook End PullsHook end pulls shall be forged andbe similar to Fig. 8.5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 TurnbucklesEach forged turnbucklebody shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape andsize and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The
31、 shape of the head of theturnbuckle shall be either round or hexagonal.TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)NOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 21 lb = 0.45 kg.Size, NominalOutsideDiameterof Thread, in.Strength Breaking, min, lbf (kN) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (kN)Type I, Gr
32、ade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1 All OthersJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd PullsJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd PullsJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd PullsJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd Pulls14 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)516 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11
33、) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3) 500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)38 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)12 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)58 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 60
34、0 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)34 20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)78 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29)
35、 2 560 (11.4)114 60 000 (267) 23 000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)138 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)112 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 50
36、0 (69) 5 860 (26.1)134 115 000 (511) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .214 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .212 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) .
37、. . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (198) . . .234 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .3 350 000 (1556) . . . 337 000 (1499) . . . 70 000 (311) . . . 67 400 (300) . . .314 400 000 (1779) . . . 400 000 (1779) . . . 80 000 (356) . . . 80 000 (356) . . .312 475 000
38、(2112) . . . 475 000 (2113) . . . 95 000 (423) . . . 95 000 (423) . . .334 550 000 (2446) . . . 550 000 (2446) . . . 110 000 (489) . . . 110 000 (489) . . .4 635 000 (2824) . . . 635 000 (2824) . . . 127 000 (565) . . . 127 000 (565) . . .FIG. 2 Forged-Eye End PullF1145 05 (2011)35.2.5 Type I, Grade
39、 2 TurnbucklesFor each spread turn-buckle body, one piece of material shall be cut lengthwise fromnear one end to the other end by any suitable means, such as anoxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then bespread apart at elevated temperatures to final shape and size.The bodies shall
40、 be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of the crosssection of the material shall be at the option of the producer.5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 TurnbucklesEach resistance-weldedturnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formedpieces of material by either the flash or upset welding process.The welds shall
41、 be parallel to the long axis of the piece. Thesurfaces to be joined shall be held in intimate contact byexternal forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces,and the weld consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall besimilar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the piecesshall
42、be at the option of the producer.5.2.7 Type I, Grade 4 TurnbucklesThe welds shall beeither electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of theproducer. Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall befabricated by joining four pieces of material by welds similarto Fig. 12. The faces of the welds sh
43、all not be concave but maybe somewhat convex.5.2.8 Type II, PipePipe turnbuckle bodies shall be forged,swaged, spun, drawn, or upset in way of the threaded ends, andshall be similar to Fig. 13.FIG. 3 Resistance-Welded-Eye End PullFIG. 4 Arc or Gas Welded-Eye End PullFIG. 5 Forged-Jaw End PullFIG. 6
44、Arc or Gas Welded-Jaw End PullFIG. 7 Upset Jaw End PullF1145 05 (2011)45.2.9 Type III, RiggingRigging turnbuckle bodies shall beforged, similar to Fig. 14, and shall be provided with a heavyjam nut (see 5.1.3) of a type which does not depend upondeformation of the threads for security.6. Mechanical
45、Properties6.1 The breaking strength of turnbuckles, equipped with endpulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 3 for therequired size, type, and grade of end pull specified.6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angleof 90 around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of t
46、heend pull without either crack or rupture.6.3 End pulls for Classes D, E, F, G, and H shall be capableof supporting a load equal to one half of the specified breakingstrength without permanent deformation.7. Other Requirements7.1 All arc-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be weldedwith Type 7015,
47、7016, 8015, or 8016 electrodes of AWS A5.1or AWS A5.5, as applicable.7.2 All gas-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be weldedwith welding rods in accordance with AWS A5.2.7.3 Turnbuckle bodies and end pulls shall be threaded afterfabrication to final size and shape. The threads in the heads ofthe t
48、urnbuckle bodies and on the end pulls shall comply withANSI B1.1 (see 4.1.5). Unified threads in the coarse (UNC)and fine (UNF) standard series should be used. If neither isspecified, the threads will be in the UNC series. If the standarddiameter-pitch combinations are not suitable, the UNS threadsw
49、ith dimensions in accordance with ANSI B1.1 should beused.7.3.1 Threads on the finished turnbuckle shall not be looserthan class 1A/1B fit. If coated turnbuckles are specified, themale threads on the end pulls may be undercut, as necessary, soFIG. 8 Hook End PullFIG. 9 Type I, Grade 1, Open Turnbuckle Body, ForgedFIG. 10 Type I, Grade 2, Open Turnbuckle Body, SpreadFIG. 11 Type I, Grade 3, Open Turnbuckle Body, ResistanceWeldedFIG. 12 Type I, Grade 4, Open Turnbuckle Body, Arc or GasWeldedFIG. 13 Type
