1、Designation: F1674 11 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forJoint Restraint Products for Use with PVC Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1674; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes a procedure for qualifyingthe performance of joint restraint products for use on
3、 PVCpressure pipe systems by evaluating the effect of the jointrestraint product on the performance characteristics of PVCpipe during cyclic pressure tests and static pressure tests. ThePVC pipe property values referenced in this test method are forthe 12454 compound as described in Specification D1
4、784 anda 4,000 HDB shall be obtained by categorizing the LTHS inaccordance with Table 1 in Test Method D2837. That includes,but is not limited to, pipe produced in accordance with thefollowing standards: Specifications D1785 and D2241,AWWAC900 , and AWWA C905.1.2 This test method determines the shor
5、t-term performanceof a joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves thetesting of restrained joint test sections to the minimum burstpressure requirements of the pipe to determine quick burstperformance.1.3 This test method determines the long-term effect of ajoint restraint product on PVC pi
6、pe, which involves the testingof restrained joint test sections to the sustained pressurerequirements of the pipe for a period of 1000 h.1.4 This test method addresses restraint products that arerated at the full pressure capacity of the PVC pipe on whichthey are used.There are joint restraint devic
7、es available that arenot rated at the full pressure capacity of the pipe. While thoseproducts have proven acceptable and useful in the marketplace,this test method does not apply to those products.1.5 This test method determines the performance of a jointrestraint product on PVC pipe subjected to cy
8、clic pressuresurges. The performance is compared to the baseline perfor-mance of pipe without joint restraint products established byHerbert W. Vinson.21.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are for informationpurposes only.1.7 This sta
9、ndard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
10、ASTM Standards:3D1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) CompoundsD1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Se
11、ries)D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 AWWA Standards:AWWA C900 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe andFabricated Fittings, 4 In. th
12、rough 12 In. (100 mm through300 mm), for Water Distribution4AWWA C905 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe andFabricated Fittings Pipe, Nominal Diameters 14 In.through 48 In. (350 mm through 1,200 mm), for WaterTransmission and Distribution43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordanc
13、e with Termi-nology F412 unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 base hoop stressthe minimum hoop stress duringcyclic testing; the base hoop stress shall be one half the peakhoop stress.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on P
14、lasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F167405. DOI:10.1520/F1674-11.2Vinson, Herbert W., Response of PVC Pipe to Large
15、, Repetitive PressureSurges, International Conference on Underground Plastic Pipe, American Societyof Civil Engineers, New York, NY, 1981, p. 491.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
16、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
17、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom
18、mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.2 base pressurethe internal pressure required toachieve the base hoop stress in the pipe wall.3.2.3 cyclean increase in the internal pressure in a cyclicpressure test specimen from the base pressure to
19、 the peakpressure, followed by a decrease in the internal pressure to thebase pressure.3.2.4 failure of the pipeballooning, bursting, cracking,splitting, or weeping (seepage of liquid) of the pipe during test.3.2.5 failure of the restraint productstructural failure ofthe restraint product, leakage a
20、t the joint (where the restraint isalso part of the sealing process, for example, a mechanicaljoint), premature failure of the pipe that can be directlyattributed to the action of the restraint, or 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) ofmovement of the restraint mechanism on the pipe.3.2.6 minimum burst pressure requ
21、irementthe minimuminternal pressure that must be reached, within 60 to 70 s, in arestrained joint test specimen without failure.3.2.7 movement of the restraint mechanismslippage on thepipe of any part of the restraint mechanism which contacts thepipe with the purpose of resisting thrust forces.3.2.8
22、 peak hoop stressthe maximum hoop stress duringcyclic testing.3.2.9 peak pressurethe internal pressure required toachieve the peak hoop stress in the pipe wall.3.2.10 restraint device for PVC pipea product which ismechanically attached to or is an integral part of PVC pipe andis intended to prevent
23、separation of a joint involving PVC pipe,due to internal pressure or external force (that is, restraining ofa mechanical joint, PVC pipe or fitting bell, or flange adapter).3.2.11 restrained joint test specimena test section that isassembled with the joint restraint product being tested. Theends of
24、the pipe are capped and all of the load from the endthrust is transferred to the pipe to induce longitudinal stress inthe pipe wall, in addition to hoop stress. The restraint devicebeing tested should provide all resistance to joint separation.3.2.12 sustained pressure requirementthe internal pres-s
25、ure that must be maintained for 1000 h in a restrained joint testspecimen for sustained pressure tests; it is dependent uponPVC compound and dimension ratio or pipe schedule.3.2.13 Vinson EquationAn empirical equation developedby H. W. Vinson for the conservative estimation of cyclicpressure surge l
26、imits in the design of typical PVC pipe and isgiven by the following:C 5 5.05 31021!S24.906see Footnote 2!where:C = average number of cycles to failure andS = peak hoop stress, psi, (MPa 145.04 = psi).4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful for establishing any effectsthat a joint rest
27、raint product has on the performance of PVCpressure pipe. This test method is designed so that success inall three parts of the test provides reasonable assurance that ajoint restraint product may be used on PVC pipe at the fullpressure rating and capacity of the pipe.4.2 Restrained joint test speci
28、mens shall be subjected tointernal pressures that are equal to the minimum burst pressurerequirements for the pipe alone. The minimum burst pressurerequirements for some common dimension ratios are shown inTable 1. The minimum burst pressures for other dimensionratios of pipe produced from 12454 PVC
29、 Compound (that is,pipe conforming to Specification D1785) may be determinedbased on a hoop stress of 6400 psi (44.13 MPa).4.3 Testing of restrained joint test specimens for 1000 h atthe sustained pressure requirements indicates any tendency ofthe restraint to fail in the long term. The minimum sust
30、ainedpressure requirements for some common dimension ratios areshown in Table 2. The minimum sustained pressure for otherdimension ratios of pipe produced from 12454 PVC Com-pound (for example, pipe conforming to Specification D1785)may be determined based on a hoop stress of 4200 psi (28.96MPa).4.4
31、 A cyclic surge pressure test of restrained joint testspecimens determines the effect of the joint restraint product onthe cyclic fatigue life of PVC pipe. This test method providesa means for quickly identifying any reduction in performancethat might result from the combination of the joint restrai
32、ntproduct and the pipe. The peak hoop stress shall be determinedfor the pipe based on the Vinson equation for a period of1 000 000 cycles. The base pressure shall be one half of thepeak pressure. The peak pressure requirements for somecommon dimension ratios are shown in Table 3. The peakpressure fo
33、r other dimension ratios for pipe produced from12454 PVC Compound (for example, pipe conforming toSpecification D1785) may be determined based on a hoopstress of 1587 psi (10.94 MPa).5. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units5.1 Pipe Specimen LengthThe specimen length shall besuch that the distance
34、 between any combination of end closureor restraint product is as follows:5.1.1 For nominal pipe sizes 6 in. (150 mm) or less, aminimum of five times the nominal outside diameter, but notless than 12 in. (305 mm),5.1.2 For nominal pipe sizes 8 in. (200 mm) up to andincluding 20 in. (500 mm), a minim
35、um of three times thenominal outside diameter, but not less than 30 in. (305 mm),andTABLE 1 Minimum Burst Pressure Requirements for SomeCommon Dimension Ratios, 12454 PVC CompoundDimension Ratio (DR) Pressure, psi (kPa)A13.5 1000 (6895)14 985 (6791)17 800 (5516)18 755 (5205)21 630 (4344)25 535 (3689
36、)26 500 (3447)32.5 400 (2758)35 380 (2620)41 315 (2172)51 260 (1793)AThe pressures listed approximate a hoop stress of 6400 psi (44.13 MPa). Someminor adjustments have been made to keep the test pressures uniform in order tosimplify testing.F1674 1125.1.3 For nominal pipe sizes 24 in. (600 mm) and l
37、arger, amaximum length of 60 in. (1524 mm).5.2 Joint Restraint ProductsAll products that are to betested shall be from normal production. Prototype products areallowed if they are representative of the final product.5.3 Test SpecimensAll parts of the test specimens are to beconditioned and assembled
38、 in the same temperature range asrequired for the pipe. Prepare a different restrained joint testspecimen for each test performed.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Constant-Temperature SystemA water bath or otherfluid bath shall be provided so that uniform temperature ismaintained throughout the bath.
39、This system may requireagitation. If an air or other external gaseous environment isused, provision shall be made for adequate circulation. The testis to be conducted at 73F (23C) and the temperaturetolerance requirements shall be 63.6F (2C).6.2 Static Pressurizing SystemAny device that is capableof
40、 continuously applying constant internal pressure in thespecimen or group of specimens may be used. The device shallbe capable of holding the test pressure within 62 % for theduration of the test. A timing device shall be connected to thepressurized fluid side of the system through a pressure switch
41、or other indicator. This timing device shall be capable ofindicating the time at pressure and be sufficient to accuratelyindicate a time span of 1000 h within 61.0 %.6.3 Cyclic Pressurizing SystemAny device that is capableof bringing the test specimen or group of specimens from therequired base pres
42、sure to the required peak pressure at a rate of6 to 10 cycles/min. The device shall have the capability ofreaching the peak pressure within 62 % and releasing thepressure to the base pressure, or less. An effective means ofcounting the cycles shall be incorporated into the device. Thedevice shall ha
43、ve a means of detecting failure and a means ofrecording the number of cycles at failure.6.4 Pressure Gage, capable of indicating the maximumpressure of any test in which it is used to an accuracy better that61.0 %, and increments adequate to verify that the pressuretolerances of all tests in which i
44、t is used are met.NOTE 1To avoid wear which could affect accuracy on the gage that isused to monitor the cyclic pressure cycles, it may be desirable to have amethod of removing or isolating the gage from the system and replacingit when periodic pressure checks are made.7. Conditioning7.1 Specimens t
45、o be tested shall be conditioned at the testtemperature in a liquid bath for a minimum of1horingaseousmedium for a minimum of 16 h before pressurizing.8. Procedure8.1 Minimum Burst Pressure Test:8.1.1 Attach the restrained joint test specimen to the pres-surizing system.8.1.2 Increase the internal p
46、ressure uniformly and continu-ously so that the desired pressure is reached within 60 to 70 s.The test may be terminated after reaching the minimumpressure requirement. Failure of the test specimen to reach theminimum pressure requirement shall constitute failure of therestraint product to pass the
47、test. If the pipe section fails beforereaching the minimum pressure requirement, and it is obviousthat the restraint product did not cause the failure, then a retestis in order. Any additional testing or data acquisition isoptional. See 4.2 for the minimum pressure requirements.8.2 Sustained Pressur
48、e Test:8.2.1 Attach the restrained joint test specimen to the pres-surizing system. Adjust the pressure regulator to the sustainedpressure requirement for the pipe being used. See 4.3 for thesustained pressure requirements.8.2.2 Increase the internal pressure uniformly and continu-ously to the desir
49、ed pressure. Make sure that the timing devicehas started.8.2.3 Hold the specimen at the desired pressure for a periodof 1000 h.The test may be terminated after reaching the 1000-hrequirement at the minimum sustained pressure.Any additionaltesting or data acquisition is optional. Failure of the testspecimen to sustain pressure for 1000 h shall constitute failureof the restraint product to pass the test. If the pipe section failsbefore 1000 h, and it is obvious that the restraint product didnot cause the failure, then a retest is in order.8.3 Cyclic Surge
