1、Designation: F1867 06 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forInstallation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the rehabilitat
3、ionof sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm)in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe thatis heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall ofthe original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a va
4、riety ofgravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, andprocess piping.1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified inSection 6 of Specification F1871.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematic
5、alconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health p
6、ractices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load
7、 in the Edgewise PositionD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chlor
8、ide)(CPVC) CompoundsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure AirF1871 Specification for Folded/Formed Poly (Viny
9、l Chlo-ride) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Reha-bilitation2.2 Uni-Bell Standard:UNI-B-5-89 Recommended Practice for the Installation ofPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordan
10、ce with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise indicated. The abbreviationfor poly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.3.1.1 The term TYPE A is not an abbreviation but rather anarbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimumvalue for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximumvalue as defined
11、 by cell limit 1 of Specification D1784.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dimples (dimpling), nWhere a side connection meetsthe existing conduit, there is no support for the PVC pipeduring forming, causing a point of thermoplastic pipe expan-sion slightly beyond the existing p
12、ipe wall. This formation ofan external departure from the formed pipe wall is termeddimpling.3.2.2 flattened pipe, na flattened pipe has been manufac-tured and calibrated round, then subsequently cooled anddeformed into a flattened shape for coiling purposes. Later, atthe time of installation at the
13、 project site, the flattened pipe willbe formed into the folded shape when inserted into the existingsewer and conduit rehabilitation.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on TrenchlessPlastic Pipeli
14、ne Technology.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1867 06. DOI:10.1520/F1867-06R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Uni-Bell PVC PipeAssociation, 2711 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1000,Dallas, TX 75234, http:/www.uni-bell.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
16、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 folded pipe, npipe that has been manufactured andcalibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed intoa folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-tation (see Fig. 1).3.2.4 formed field sample, nA formed field sample isform
17、ed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipeand expanded with steam heat and pressure3.2.5 formed pipe, na folded pipe that has been insertedinto an existing sewer or conduit and expanded with steam heatand pressure, and, if required by the manufacturer, with asqueegee device or simila
18、r device to provide a close fit to theexisting pipe (see Fig. 1).3.2.6 insertion point, nAn existing manhole, existingaccess shaft, or an excavation that serves as the point ofentrance for the folded pipe into the existing pipe.3.2.7 liner, nPVC formed pipe fully functional as a pipewithin a rehabil
19、itated pipe.3.2.8 termination point, nAn existing manhole, existingaccess shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exitof the folded pipe from the existing pipe.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifiesregulatory agencies, owners, and inspection or
20、ganizations in-volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-duits. Modifications may be required, depending on specificjob conditions, to establish a project specification. The manu-facturer of the product should be consulted for design andinstallation information. Industrial waste di
21、sposal lines shouldbe installed only with the specific approval of the cognizantcode authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drainsand sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 F (60 C) maybe encountered.5. Materials5.1 The folded/formed PVC liner pipe should be made fromPVC compound, meetin
22、g all the requirements for cell classi-fication 12111 as defined in Specification D1784 and withminimum physical properties as listed.NOTE 1If required by the user, chemical resistance tests will besupplied by the pipe manufacturer.Tensile Strength Test MethodD6383600 PSI (25 MPa)Tensile Modulus Tes
23、t MethodD638155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)Flexural Strength Test MethodD7904100 PSI (28 MPa)Flexural Modulus Test MethodD790145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)Heat Deflection Test MethodD648115 F (46 C)Temperature Tested at 264psi(2 MPa)NOTE 1This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this pract
24、ice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other folded pipeshapes may meet the requirements of this practice.FIG. 1 Folder Pipe and Formed PipeClarification of TermsF1867 06 (2012)25.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum propertiesthat have different cell classifications because one or mor
25、eproperties are greater to those of the specified compounds arealso acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed280 000 psi.5.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material from this typeof pipe, generated from the manufacturers own pipe produc-tion may be used by the same manufacturer provided th
26、at therework material meets all the requirements of 5.1.6. Installation Recommendations6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:6.1.1 Access SafetyPrior to entering access areas such asmanholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations,an evaluation of the atmosphere to determine the presence oftoxic or
27、flammable vapors or lack of oxygen must be conductedin accordance with local, state, or federal safety regulations.6.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineInternal debris should be re-moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should becleaned with one or more of the following: hydraulicallypowered equipment
28、, high velocity jet cleaners, or mechanicallypowered equipment.6.1.3 Inspection of PipelinesThe interior of the pipelineshould be carefully inspected to determine the location of anycondition that may prevent proper installation of the foldedpipe, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushe
29、dpipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflectedjoints. These conditions should be noted, and, if deemednecessary by the end-user, corrected prior to installation.Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experiencedpersonnel trained in locating breaks, obstacles, and serviceconnec
30、tions by closed circuit television.6.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe existing pipeline should beclear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion andexpansion of the folded pipe. Such conditions require access atthese points for termination and start of a new insertion.Changes in pipe size may b
31、e accommodated, if the wallthickness of the liner pipe has been designed for expansion.Obstructions could include dropped or offset joints of morethan 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter and service connectionsthat protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the insidediameter of 1 in. (25 mm), whichever
32、is greater. Otherobstructions may be reduction of the cross-sectional area ofmore than 14 % (based on the inside diameter of the existingpipe), which may be the result of point repairs or patches, andwould prevent the folded pipe from totally and properlyforming. If inspection reveals an obstruction
33、 that cannot beremoved by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavationshould be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-tion. Typically, with bends along the pipe length in excess of30, the manufacturer shall be consulted.6.1.5 BypassingIf flow cannot be interrupted for thenecessary
34、duration, bypassing of flow is required around thesections of the existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation.The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity andsize to handle any flows during the installation period. Thebypass should be made by plugging the line at the pointupstream of
35、 the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flowto a downstream point or adjacent system. Services within thiswork area will be temporarily out of service.6.1.6 Public advisory services will be required to notify allparties whose service lateral will be out of commission and toadvise against water
36、 usage until the main line is back inservice.6.2 Insertion:6.2.1 The reel of flattened pipe should be positioned near theinsertion point. The end of the reel of flattened pipe should betapered and have holes drilled for the attachment of a pullinghead. If recommended by the manufacturer, the coil of
37、 flat-tened pipe may be heated to approximately180F prior toinsertion. An enclosure should be designed so that hot air iscontinually exiting from it and not allowing ambient air to bedrawn in.6.2.2 A steel cable should be strung through the existingconduit and attached to the beveled cut end of the
38、folded pipe.The folded pipe should be pulled with a power winch unit andcable directly from the reel, through the insertion point, andthrough the existing pipe to the termination point and extend-ing 4 ft (1.2 mm) beyond. The pulling force should bemonitored and limited to the allowable tensile stre
39、ss of thefolded pipe (50 % of yield at 212F) times the pipe wallcross-sectional area.6.2.3 After insertion is completed, the pipe should besecured at the termination end.6.3 Expansion:6.3.1 Through the use of heat, pressure, and, , the foldedpipe should be fully expanded. The liner pipe shall be ful
40、lyexpanded through the use of time, heat and pressure. Time,temperature and pressure must be sufficient to overcome theextrusion memory of the thermoplastic material. The manufac-turer must be consulted as to the suggested times, temperaturesand pressure. Expansion pressures must be sufficient to pr
41、essthe PVC liner pipe against the wall of the existing conduit soas to neatly and tightly fit the internal circumference of theexisting line and to form dimples at the service connections.NOTE 2Folded pipe expansion pressures are typically in the range of3 to 5 psi (20.6 to 34.4 kPa), but may vary b
42、ased on field conditions.6.3.2 The manufacturer shall specify the proper expansionpressure and duration of the expansion pressure for the specificproduct being installed. The specified pressure shall be suffi-cient to expand the pipe at local deformities and allow forcomplete dimpling at side connec
43、tions.6.3.3 Cool-downThe formed pipe should be cooled to atemperature below 100 F (38 C) before relieving the pressurerequired to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall.This cool-down procedure may take approximately one half toone hour.6.3.4 After the formed pipe has cooled down, the term
44、inat-ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)beyond the existing pipe as allowance for possible shrinkageduring cooling to ambient temperature.6.4 Service ConnectionsAfter the formed pipe has beeninstalled, the existing active service connections should bereconnected, unless otherw
45、ise specified by the owner. Thisshould be done without excavation from the interior of theF1867 06 (2012)3pipeline by means of a television camera and a remote controldevice used to re-establish the service connections.NOTE 3In many cases, a seal is provided where the formed pipedimples at service c
46、onnections. If total elimination of infiltration andinflow is desired, other means, which are beyond the scope of this practicemay be necessary to seal service connections and to rehabilitate servicelines and manholes.7. Inspection and Acceptance7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circui
47、ttelevision. The formed pipe should be continuous over theentire length of the insertion, be free of cracks, and conform tothe wall of the existing pipe evidenced by visible jointdefinition and mirroring of existing pipe irregularities. Varia-tions from true line and grade may be inherent because of
48、 theconditions of the existing pipeline.All service entrances shouldbe accounted for and unobstructed.7.2 Leakage TestingIf required by the owner or designatedin the contract documents or purchase order, gravity pipesshould be tested for leakage. This test should take place afterthe formed pipe has
49、cooled down to ambient temperature. Thistest is limited to pipe lengths with no service laterals or lineswith service laterals that have not yet been reinstated. One ofthe following two methods should be used.7.2.1 An exfiltration test method involves plugging theformed pipe at both ends and filling it with water. Theallowable water exfiltration for any length of pipe betweentermination points should not exceed 50 U.S. gallons per inchof internal pipe diameter per mile per day, providing that all airhas been bled from the line. The leakage quantit
