1、Designation: F2040 18 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used for Recreational Snow Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification defines performance requirements forhelmets used in nonmotorized recreational snow sports (
3、suchas skiing, snowboarding, and other alpine sports). This speci-fication is a performance standard and is not intended to restrictdesign. Although a helmet that meets this specification willhelp reduce the risk of some types of injuries to the head atslower speeds, the protection is limited. The u
4、ser is responsiblefor participating in the sport within his/her abilities and thenature of the snow conditions which may vary widely. Com-pliance with the common sense rules of the sports safety,including any applicable responsibility codes, is essential tohelp reduce the risk of personal injury.1.2
5、 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where notedherein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the requir
6、ements ofthe specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet anyone of the requirements of this specification is considered tohave failed the standard and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-danc
7、e with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
8、dards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Headforms3.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are asspecified in the section on Test Headforms of Test MethodsF1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selec
9、ted inaccordance with the section on Headform Size Selection ofTest Methods F1446 for the helmet to be tested.4. Anvils and Impact Velocities4.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare described as follows:4.1.1 Flat Anvil, as described in the section on Apparatus ofTest Methods
10、F1446.4.1.2 Hemispherical Anvil, as described in the section onApparatus of Test Methods F1446.4.1.3 Edge Anvil, constructed of solid steel in accordancewith Fig. 1.4.2 Impact Velocities:4.2.1 Impacts upon the flat anvil shall achieve a velocity of6.2 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop height
11、of 2.0 m).4.2.2 Impacts upon the hemispherical anvil shall achieve avelocity of 4.8 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop heightof 1.2 m).4.2.3 Impacts upon the edge anvil shall achieve a velocity of4.5 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.0 m).4.2.4 The impact velocity shall be m
12、easured during the last40 mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 3 % of thevelocities specified in 4.2.1, 4.2.2, and 4.2.3.5. Marking the Test Line5.1 The test line is shown in Fig. 2 and shall be marked inaccordance with Test Methods F1446.6. Conditioning and Number of Samples6.1 Four sa
13、mple helmets are required for each shell/linersize combination.6.2 Conditioning of the samples to be tested is described inthe section on Conditioning Environment of Test MethodsF1446, but differs as follows:6.2.1 Low TemperatureThe low temperature shall be 22to 28C.1This specification is under the
14、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2
15、040 11. DOI:10.1520/F2040-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section ap
16、pears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Princ
17、iples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.2.2 High TemperatureThe high temperature shall be 32to 38C.7. Impact Sites7.1 Centers of impact can be located anywhere on or abovethe
18、 test line with the anvils aligned in any orientation.7.2 The theoretical center3of each impact site shall beseparated from the theoretical center of other impact sites by aminimum of 120 mm.8. Impacting Schedule8.1 All impacting shall be performed in accordance withTest Methods F1446, using the var
19、iable mass drop assemblyconfiguration. The appropriate size headform shall be selectedin accordance with the section on Headform Size Selection ofTest Methods F1446 for the helmet to be tested.8.2 Two of the four impact sites (as described in the sectionon Impact Attenuation of Test Methods F1446) w
20、ill use the flatanvil.8.3 One impact site will use the hemispherical anvil.8.4 One impact site will use the edge anvil.8.5 The impact sites and anvils can be selected in anysequence.9. Peak Acceleration Requirements9.1 The peak acceleration (g max) of the impulse during theimpact shall be measured w
21、ith equipment described in thesection on Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.9.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed300 g.10. Retention System Testing10.1 The Dynamic Strength Retention Test shall be com-pleted in accordance with Test Methods F1446 prior to impacttesting.10.2 Dynamic St
22、rength Retention TestThe hot, cold, andwet helmets shall be subjected to the Dynamic StrengthRetention Test. Place the helmet on the appropriate sizeheadform on the test device described in the section onApparatus of Test Methods F1446.10.2.1 Place the twin bar (jaw) system with rod and dropweight a
23、ttached within the fastened retention system.10.2.2 Mark the position of the twin bar with preload anddrop weights in position.10.2.3 Drop a 4-kg sliding weight a distance of 0.6 m.10.2.4 The retention system shall remain intact withoutelongating more than 30 mm.10.3 The ambient helmet shall be subj
24、ected to the positionalstability (roll-off) test in accordance with Test Methods F1446usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m.10.3.1 The retention system shall remain intact and thehelmet shall remain on the headform.3The theoretical center of impact is the point of intersection of the Z-axis and
25、theouter surface or projected surface of the helmet at x =0,y = 0 (see X1.1 of TestMethods F1446).FIG. 1 Edge AnvilF2040 18211. Labels and Warnings11.1 In addition to the labeling requirements of Test Meth-ods F1446, the helmet shall have the words “for use innonmotorized recreational snow sports (s
26、uch as skiing,snowboarding, and other alpine sports)” inscribed on one of theinterior permanent labels.12. Keywords12.1 helmet; protective headgear; skiing; snowboardingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F08 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F2040 11)tha
27、t may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2018.)(1) Revised 8.1. (2) Revised table under Fig. 2.Headform Size DimensionX L/2 Y R S T UA 24.0 88.0 89.7 47.5 23.0 142.0 84.0C 25.0 91.0 92.7 48.0 23.5 146.5 86.0E 26.0 94.5 96.0 49.0 24.0 151.0 88.0J 27.5 101.0 102.5 50.5 25.0 160.0 92.0
28、M 29.0 106.0 107.0 52.0 27.0 166.0 96.0O 30.0 108.5 110.0 53.0 27.0 170.0 97.0FIG. 2 Marking the Test LineF2040 183ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly ad
29、vised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eithe
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