1、Designation: F2216 17a An American National StandardStandard Specification forSelectorized Strength Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices forselectorized strength training
3、 equipment. Through these specifications, this specification aims to assistdesigners and manufactures in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used inaccordance with the operational instructions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessari
4、ly preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving selectorized strength training equipmentinvolves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained.In addition, users with physical limitations should seek medical advice and instruct
5、ion from the fitnessfacility prior to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude somepersons from using this equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment mayincrease the risk of injury.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for
6、 the designand manufacture of selectorized strength training equipment asdefined in 3.1.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in anindoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness productsfor use only by individuals age 13 and older.1.4 This sta
7、ndard is to be used in conjunction with Speci-fication F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Method F2277.1.5 This standard takes precedence over SpecificationF2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific orunique to selectorized strength training equipment.1.6 This specification2establishes
8、 additional requirementsfor the design of commercial fitness equipment for use bypeople with functional limitations or impairments.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all
9、 of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in
10、 accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.
11、1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and LabelsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2277 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharacteristics of Selectorized Strength EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and P
12、erformanceCharacteristics of Fitness EquipmentF3021 Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equip-ment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limi-tations and Impairments1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Faciliti
13、es and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2216 17. DOI:10.1520/F2216-17A.2This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Eng
14、ineering ResearchCenter on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living,and Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
15、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
16、 on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 assist means, nmechanism that the user engag
17、es onthe machine to assist them in getting into and out of the loadedstarting position.3.1.2 bilateral, adjrelating to use of both sides of thebody, that is, both hands, arms, or legs.3.1.3 cam, nrotational component controlling the resis-tance to the user.3.1.4 consumer selectorized strength equipm
18、ent,nselectorized strength equipment intended for home use orfor use in a home environment.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSince significant differences can arisebetween consumer and institutional selectorized strengthequipment, the products must be clearly identified as not forcommercial use.3.1.5 field of view,
19、 nfield of view of the user defined by anarc of 150. Seventy-five degrees on each side of the usersmidline (sagittal plane).3.1.6 foot support, nmachine component(s) contacting thefeet during operation, entry, and exit from the machine.3.1.7 institutional selectorized strength equipment,nstrength eq
20、uipment intended for use by numerous personsin a commercial or institutional facility, as opposed to homeenvironment.3.1.8 median plane, nplane of reference that divides themidline of the body of the user into equal right and left halves.3.1.9 rope, nfor the purpose of this specification, a cordcomp
21、rised of intertwisted synthetic or natural fibers or steelwires used for the transmittal of load from the resistance meansto the user means.3.1.10 selector pin, nthe component used to select resis-tance on weight based selectorized strength equipment.3.1.11 selectorized strength equipment, nstrength
22、 equip-ment where the resistance means is an integral part of themachine and may be varied easily by the user.3.1.12 strength equipment, nfitness equipment designedto strengthen one or more groups of muscles anaerobically.3.1.13 unilateral, adjrelating to use of one side of thebody, that is, one han
23、d, arm, or leg.3.1.14 user means, nmovable component or assembly thatthe user contacts to perform the exercise.4. Design and Construction Requirements4.1 Construction:4.1.1 WeightsWeights shall move only when displacedintentionally. Weights shall move freely along their guidemeans and return to the
24、resting point. The travel of the weightsshall be controlled by the user such that no uncontrolledpendulum swing shall occur.4.1.2 Weight Selector PinWeight selector pins shall befitted with a positive retention means.4.1.3 Starting Position AssistIf the user cannot (afteradjusting the machine accord
25、ing to the manufacturers instruc-tions) attain the loaded starting position for the machine, thenthe machine shall be provided with an assist means.4.1.4 Ropes, Belts, Chains, or Other Load TransmissionComponentsRopes, belts, chains, and other means, includingall attachment devices (links, shackles,
26、 end fittings, and termi-nation means) shall not fail with a load equal to six times themaximum static tension developed by the machine duringoperation and shall pass the endurance guidelines set forth in4.4.1. All end terminations shall not be subjected to cyclicbending under normal machine operati
27、on as defined by themanufacturer.4.1.5 PulleysPulleys for rope/belt drive machines shallrotate freely under all extrinsic loads.4.1.5.1 Wire Rope PulleysThe groove radius, r,ofthepulley for wire rope driven machines shall meet the wire ropemanufacturers guidelines and allow for passing of the endur-
28、ance guidelines set forth in 4.4.1. The dimensions shall liewithin the range given:Cd215%toCd2115% (1)with Cd/2 + 10 % being the optimum. Cdis defined as thenominal wire rope diameter including coating. The treaddiameter, d, of the pulley shall be a minimum of 18 timesgreater than the bare wire rope
29、 diameter (without coating). SeeFig. 1.4.1.5.2 Belt PulleysThe diameter of the pulley shall be ofsufficient size to yield a belt life meeting the parametersspecified in 4.4.1. Belt pulleys shall be designed to preventdisengagement through the use of groove, flanges, or othermeans.4.1.6 Rope/Belt Gua
30、rdsDisengagement of ropes/beltsshall be prevented by the provision of adequate retentionguards or enclosures.4.2 Entrapment Points:4.2.1 General CommentsUnlike other machinery, selec-torized strength equipment is fully controlled by the user of theequipment. It is therefore assumed that the user sha
31、ll takeresponsibility for his/her actions while using the machine andcan prevent the inadvertent contact with machine componentswithin the users field of view by the user or a third party bystopping the exercise or movement of the machine. For thisreason, the discussion of entrapment points is broke
32、n downinto “within” and “outside” the field of view of the user.Wherever possible, the design of movable components shallavoid catch, shear, or pull-in points.4.2.1.1 In general, the fingers are the body components mostlikely to be injured. The primary exception to this is weightstacks, or other fra
33、me components, where feet or hands, orboth, could also be injured. Weight stacks shall be spaced lessthan 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) or greater than 25 mm (0.98 in.) fromany fixed frame member. This spacing shall remain constantthrough the travel range of the weight stack. Weight stack toframe spacing great
34、er than 60 mm (2.36 in.) is exempt fromthis requirement. Weight stacks shall be spaced at least 60 mm(2.36 in.) from the base frame of the machine. Strengthequipment that includes weight stack enclosures designed inaccordance with 4.3 as a permanent feature of the machine areF2216 17a2exempt from th
35、is requirement, provided that the enclosureextends past the rest position of the bottom weight plate.4.2.1.2 The user means or other moving components, orboth, shall not pass within 60 mm (2.36 in.) of any other fixedor moving component, including the moving weight stack andframe, during normal oper
36、ation of the machine, as defined inthe instructions provided by the manufacturer. Mechanicalstops are generally provided at one or both extremes of the usermeans range of travel. Since the user means will contact thestops at these locations, they are excluded from the clearancerequirements. However,
37、 if the stop is physically part of themoving user means, then it shall pass no closer than 60 mm(2.36 in.) to any fixed frame members throughout its range oftravel.4.2.1.3 If the machine framework or the users bodyplacement, while using the machine in accordance with themanufacturers instructions, p
38、revents the uncontrolled accessof a third party into the area of concern, then guarding is notrequired. For this exemption, the users body must preventaccess throughout the entire exercise range of motion.4.2.2 Outside the Field of ViewTo a height of 1800 mm(70.8 in.), the distance between movable c
39、omponents orbetween a movable and fixed component shall be at least 60mm (2.36 in.) when body parts other than the fingers are at risk.This dimension may be reduced to no less than 25 mm (0.98in.) when only the fingers are at risk. If the spacing betweenmoving components or between fixed and moving
40、componentsremains constant throughout the range of motion of themachine, then the spacing shall be greater than 25 mm (0.98in.) or less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.). Guarding shall be providedif the design does not allow the above dimensions to be met.4.2.3 Within the Field of View and Within Reach of th
41、eUserIf distances do not conform to those specified in 4.2.2,the components shall be guarded or enclosed.4.2.4 Within the Field of View and Outside the Reach of theUserMoving components within the users field of view butaccessible only to a third party shall not be located within 25mm (0.98 in.) of
42、any other moving or fixed component.Alternatively, such points can be less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.)from any other moving or fixed component if the spacingbetween the components remains constant throughout therange of movement of the machine.4.2.5 Pull-In PointsFinger pull-in occurs when the spac-ing
43、between the fixed and rotating component is less than 25mm (0.98 in.) or when the angle between the fixed guard andthe belt or rope is less than 50, or both (see Fig. 2). For ropesand pulleys or ropes and cams, pull-in will occur during theportion of the exercise stroke that the rope wraps onto ther
44、otating element or passes into the guard. This can occur onboth sides of a pulley or guard as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fig. 4 illustrates a circular pulley or cam guard. To achieve apull-in angle greater than 50, the guard radius Grshall becalculated using the equation shown in Fig. 4.4.2.5.1 Outs
45、ide the Field of ViewPull-in points up to aheight of 1800 mm (70.8 in.) shall be guarded or spaced greaterthan 25 mm (0.98 in.) apart so that the users or third partysFIG. 1 Wire Rope Pulley ProfileF2216 17a3fingers, when extended, cannot be caught between the compo-nents (see Fig. 2). Rope, belt, o
46、r rope driven machines wherethe pressure between the rope/belt and the cam or pulley is lessthan 90 N/cm2(131 psi) are excluded from this requirement.4.2.5.2 Within the Field of ViewPull-in points within reachof the user when in the exercise position shall be guarded sothat the users fingers cannot
47、be caught between the compo-nents. Pull-in points within the field of view of the user, duringthe entire range of motion of the exercise being performed, butaccessible only to a third party, need not be guarded becausethe user can control the motion of the machine and thus preventany inadvertent con
48、tact with a third party. A site specific labelshall be present in the immediate location of the pull-in point,alerting the user or a third party to the potential for injury andto stay clear of the area. Rope or belt driven machines wherethe pressure between the rope/belt and the cam or pulley is les
49、sthan 90 N/cm2(131 psi) are excluded from the requirements of4.2.5.1 and 4.2.5.2.4.3 Weight Stack Enclosures:FIG. 2 Guarding of Pull-In PointsUnguardedF2216 17a44.3.1 GeneralUnlike other fitness equipment, selectorizedstrength equipment is fully controlled by the user. Stopping theexercise or the machines movement permits the user toprevent inadvertent contact with weight stacks within the fieldof view of the user. Weight stack enclosures may assist inpreventing uncontrolled access by third parties outside thisfield of view. Weight
