1、Designation: F2400 16 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used in Pole Vaulting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPole vaulting by its very nature carries a risk of serious injury and even death. Participation in polevaulting (just as in
3、 other sports involving speed, heights, and falls) implies acceptance of this risk.Measures to significantly reduce this risk include, first and foremost, the use of regulation sized polevault pits and padded standard base covers, along with the removal or padding of any adjacent hardsurfaces. Educa
4、tion of pole vault coaches and athletes is another important risk reduction measure.Helmets might be part of a plan to reduce risk as well. A helmet that meets this specification mightbe helpful for certain events like a bounce out, a fall while exiting the pole vault pit, or other impacts.A helmet,
5、 however, is not likely to prevent serious injury or death if a vaulter lands outside of the polevault pit and strikes his or her head after a vault.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements forhelmets to be used in the activity of pole vaulting.1.2 All testing and requirements
6、of this specification are tobe carried out in accordance with Test Methods F1446 exceptwhere noted in this specification.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the requireme
7、nts ofthe specification in their entirety. A product that fails to meetany one of the requirements of this specification is consideredto have failed the specification and shall not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the specification.1.4 Helmets designed to comply with this and other
8、stan-dards may proclaim uses as certified by the manufacturer.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
9、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Terminology3.1 For d
10、efinitions of terms used in this specification, seeTest Methods F1446.4. Number of Samples4.1 Five helmets are required of each model and size to betested.5. Conditioning5.1 Conditioning of test samples shall be in accordance withthe requirements of the section on Conditioning Environmentsof Test Me
11、thods F1446.6. Selection of Headform6.1 The appropriate size headform shall be selected basedon the headform size selection terminology of Test MethodsF1446 for the helmet to be tested. Headforms to be used shallbe as specified in Test Methods F1446, using the variable massdrop assembly configuratio
12、n.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previ
13、ous edition approved in 2011 as F2400 06 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/F2400-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Reference Marking7.1 Marking the test line shall be in accordance with theReference Marking requirements of Test Methods F1446.7.2 The preload ballast weight shall be 5 kg.7.
15、3 Mark the test line ABCD on the helmet as shown in Fig.1.8. Helmet Inspection8.1 The configuration requirements of the section on Con-figuration in Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.8.1.1 In addition, for this specification no aerodynamicfairings will be allowed as pole-vaulters try or tend to
16、land ontheir back.8.1.2 Ventilation ports are allowed as long as all otherrequirements of this specification are met.8.1.3 When mounted on the reference headform in accor-dance with the section on Reference Marking of Test MethodsF1446, determine the minimum distance from the headform tothe outer su
17、rface of the helmet at any point above the test line.In this context, the outer surface can be defined by conforminga flexible strip of steel to the outer surface. No portion of thehelmets outer surface shall be more than 15 mm further fromthe surface of the test headform than the minimum distance.8
18、.1.4 Lateral visual clearance shall be unobstructed throughat least 105 to each side of the median plane and upwardvisual clearance must be unobstructed through at least 40above the reference plane.8.1.4.1 The clearance for peripheral vision will be checkedby placing the helmet on each appropriate h
19、eadform, position-ing it according to the helmet positioning index, and holding itin place with the preload ballast weight of 5 kg. The clearancemust include the upward visual clearance and the lateral visualclearance. The helmet shall be tested with all detachablecomponents removed and all adjustab
20、le components set in themost unfavorable manner for the test. No part of the helmetshall intrude into the required clearance.8.1.4.2 The upward visual clearance is the solid anglebounded by the reference plane of the headform and a secondplane tilted upward from the reference plane. This second plan
21、eintersects the reference plane at two points on the front surfaceof the headform that are 31 mm to the right and left of thelongitudinal plane as shown in Figure 13 of Test MethodsNOTE 1The center of impact can be anywhere on or above the test line.FIG. 1 Test LineF2400 162F1446. The dihedral angle
22、 formed by the reference plane andthis second plane shall be at least 40.8.1.4.3 The lateral visual clearance, as shown in Figure 13of Test Methods F1446, is the solid angle bounded by thereference plane, the basic plane and two more planes that areperpendicular to the reference plane and that conta
23、in the pointon the front surface of the headform at which the reference andlongitudinal planes intersect. Each of these two planes forms adihedral angle with the longitudinal plane as specified in theindividual standard. This angle shall be 105.8.2 The materials requirements of the section on Materi
24、alsin Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.8.3 Labeling Requirements:8.3.1 Each helmet shall contain labels that satisfy thelabeling requirements of Test Methods F1446.8.3.2 In addition, one or more of the interior labels of thehelmet shall have the words: for use in the sport of polevaulting.8.4 T
25、he interior projections requirements of the section onInterior Projections of Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.9. Conditioning9.1 A single sample of the helmets shall be conditioned inthe ambient, low temperature, high temperature, and waterimmersion conditions identified in the section on Cond
26、itioningEnvironments of Test Methods F1446 prior to subsequenttesting.10. Order of Testing10.1 Determination of compliance with this specificationshall be performed in the sequence indicated in Sections 11 and12.11. Retention System Testing11.1 Retention system testing shall be performed beforeimpac
27、t testing.11.2 Dynamic Strength Retention TestThe hot and coldand water immersed helmets shall be subjected to the dynamicloading test in accordance with the Dynamic Strength Reten-tion Test of Test Methods F1446.11.2.1 The sliding drop mass shall be 4 kg with a dropheight of 0.6 m.11.2.2 The retent
28、ion system shall remain intact withoutelongating more than 30 mm.11.3 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positionalstability testing in accordance with the section on Roll-Off ofTest Methods F1446.11.3.1 The sliding drop mass shall be 4 kg with a dropheight of 0.6 m.11.3.2 The retention sy
29、stem shall remain intact and thehelmet must remain on the headform.12. Impact Testing12.1 All impact testing shall be carried out in accordancewith the section on ImpactAttenuation of Test Methods F1446.12.2 Anvils as specified in the section on Impact Anvils ofTest Methods F1446 to be used for impa
30、ct tests in thisspecification include flat and curbstone.12.2.1 Test anvils can be oriented in any horizontal, cen-tered direction.12.3 Each helmet shall be given two flat anvil impacts andtwo curbstone anvil impacts in any sequence. The four impactsshall be on different impact sites on the helmet.
31、The impactsites may be anywhere on or above the test line.12.4 The helmets shall be dropped onto the flat anvil at animpact velocity of 6.2 m/s corresponding to the theoreticaldrop height of 2.0 m.12.5 The helmet shall be dropped onto the Curbstone Anvilat an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s corresponding
32、 to a drop heightof 1.2 m.12.6 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed300 g.13. Keywords13.1 helmet(s); pole vault; protective headgearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
33、of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fi
34、ve years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical
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36、A 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
