1、Designation: F2480 06 (Reapproved 2017) An American National StandardStandard Guide forIn-ground Concrete Skatepark1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers safety and performance guidelinespertaining to in-ground skatepark facilities built primarily ou
3、tof concrete and other designed materials. This guide pertains toany concrete materials and other designed materials intended tobe used in the performance of the sports includingskateboarding, inline skating and BMX biking. Items such asfencing, lighting, and operational structures are not intended
4、tobe a part of this guide.1.2 Tolerance: General Measures, Tolerances, andConversionsGeneral dimensional tolerances for this guide(unless otherwise noted) follow. These tolerances still apply toa dimension even when terms like greater than, less than,minimum, or maximum are used.Dimension ToleranceX
5、 in. or ft 0.5 in.X.X in. 0.05 in.X.XX in. 0.005 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appr
6、o-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Int
7、ernational Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel BarMats for Concrete ReinforcementA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welde
8、d WireReinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn2013)3A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA616/A616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed a
9、ndPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn1999)3A617/A617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn1999)3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
10、 Ag-gregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcreteC1141 Specification for Admixtures for ShotcreteC1436 Specificatio
11、n for Materials for ShotcreteC1480 Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Com-bined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry Shotcrete Applica-tionC1582/C1582M Specification for Admixtures to InhibitChloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Con-creteE1155 Test Method for Determining FFFloor F
12、latness andFLFloor Levelness Numbers2.2 ACI Standards:4ACI 11790 Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Con-struction and Materials1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.
13、66 on Sports Facilities.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2480 06 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/F2480-06R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service a
14、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHill
15、s, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision o
16、n Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1ACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Con-structionACI 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete2.3 ANSI Standards:5ANSI
17、 2535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bowlfully enclosed or partially enclosed free-flowing form with specific transitions.3.1.2 copingcircular pipe or other material installed onsome features.3.1.3 extensionadditional elevation of the top-riding sur-face within
18、the platform area.3.1.4 featuressections of the skate surface, which is level,inclined, or curved solid surface on which the user ofskateboards, inline skates, and BMX bicycles can maneuver.3.1.5 flat bottomhorizontal part of the riding surfacebetween the transitions.3.1.6 flat ground flat, horizont
19、al space, which is greaterthan 12 in. long.3.1.7 flatnessdegree to which a line or surface approxi-mates a plane and is a measurement of local surfacebumpiness/undulation.3.1.8 free falling heightperpendicular distance betweenthe floor space and an adjacent low-lying space.3.1.9 in-ground concrete s
20、kateparkany concrete structureplaced in ground that is to be used for skateboarding, inlineskating, and BMX bicycles.3.1.10 levelnessdegree to which a line or surface parallelshorizontal or design grade; and is a measurement of localconformance to design grade over a distance.3.1.11 performance edgi
21、ngdurable material installed onthe accessible edges or surfaces of intersecting and terminatingplanes on features for performance purposes.3.1.12 pool copingmanufactured masonry product similarin shape and function to that typically manufactured forswimming pools. (See coping in 3.1.2.)3.1.13 protec
22、tive edgingdurable material that protects ac-cessible edges of intersecting and terminating planes on theriding surfaces for the purposes of reducing wear.3.1.14 transition/radiusradial change in slope betweentwo elevations.3.1.15 resting areasport-functional clearance required forstanding out of th
23、e flow of active skaters and clearing the activeskating zone to avoid a collision.3.1.16 riding surfacepart of skatepark structure on whichthe skater will be in contact.3.1.17 skatepark element, feature, structure, or group ofelements, features, structures within a defined boundary for useby skatebo
24、arders, inline skaters, or BMX bikers.3.1.18 specified surface, plane, or linesurface, plane, orline specified by the contract documents; specified planes andlines may slope and specified surfaces may have curvature.3.1.19 tolerance(1) the permitted variation from a givendimension or quantity; (2) t
25、he range of variation permitted inmaintaining a specified dimension; and (3) A permitted varia-tion from location or alignment.3.1.20 vertvertical part of the riding surface.3.1.21 vertical alignmentlocation relative to specified ver-tical plane or a specified vertical line or from a line or planere
26、ference to a vertical line or plane. When applied to batteredwalls, abutments, or other nearly vertical surfaces, verticalalignment is defined as the horizontal location of the surfacerelative to the specified profile.4. Materials4.1 GeneralAll materials used shall fulfill the sport-specific require
27、ments for skatepark facilities.4.2 Steel ElementsAll exposed steel shall be inherentlycorrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion resistantcoating.4.3 Concrete:4.3.1 All concrete should consider the following, which isnot necessarily all-inclusive: compressive strength, flexuralstrength, or
28、both, and finishability; maximum size, grading, andtype of coarse aggregate; grading and type of fine aggregate;combined aggregate grading; air content of concrete, if appli-cable; slump of concrete; water-cement ratio or water-cementitious material ratio; and preplacement soaking require-ment for l
29、ightweight aggregates; and should conform to but arenot limited to the requirements of Specifications C33 andC94/C94M, Terminology C125, Specifications C150, C260,C494/C494M, C1116, C1141, C1436, C1480, C1582/C1582M,and ACI 302.1R-04.4.3.2 Design details, site preparation, type of concrete andrelate
30、d materials should be provided by the designer of theconcrete skatepark prior to bid documents and be applicable tothe local environmental conditions. Design details shouldreference specifications for concrete strength characteristics,use of admixtures for freezing exposure, use of reinforcingsteel,
31、 testing and inspection requirements. Concrete shall bemanufactured to meet the specifications of the designer,method of concrete construction-ready-mix, precast or shot-crete concrete should comply with applicable specifications.4.4 Steel ReinforcingSteel reinforcing should conform tobut are not li
32、mited to the following specifications: deformedbars should conform to the requirements of SpecificationsA615/A615M, A616/A616M,orA617/A617M. Bar mats con-forming to Specification A184/A184M can also be used.Welded wire reinforcing should conform to SpecificationsA185/A185M or A497/A497M.4.5 Syntheti
33、c FibersSynthetic fibers for use in concreteslabs should meet the requirements outlined in SpecificationC1116 or ACI 302.1R-04-26.4.6 Other MaterialsUtilization of other materials is ad-missible.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 1003
34、6, http:/www.ansi.org.F2480 06 (2017)25. Physical Properties5.1 In general, physical properties outline characteristicsbest suited for skateboard, roller blade, and BMX activities.5.2 Concrete FinishThe concrete surface should provide asmooth and nonslip surface characteristic (see ACI 302.1R-04Clas
35、s 9 Finish).5.3 Surface Flatness and LevelnessTolerances shouldconform to the requirements set forth in ACI 11790. Adiscussion of concrete flatness/levelness is given in the com-mentary to ACI 11790.5.3.1 Flatness and levelness requirements should be de-scribed in bid documents. Methods for defining
36、 flatness andlevelness should be in accordance with ACI 11790 and TestMethod E1155. The flatness values should control local surfacebumpiness in accordance with Test Method E1155. The level-ness values should control local conformance to design grade(see Test Method E1155).5.3.2 PrecautionsConcrete
37、surface tolerance specificationand measurement procedures should be pre-bid determined.Tolerances should be defined based on what can be reasonablyexpected from a given construction method. The concreteflatness/levelness constitutes a potential issue, the followingprecautions are suggested:5.3.2.1 T
38、he exact meaning of the flatness/levelness require-ment and the exact method and time of measurement todetermine compliance should be established before beginningconstruction.5.3.2.2 The contractor or fabricator should confirm anability to satisfy the concrete surface tolerance requirement byprofili
39、ng previous installations or specimens.5.3.2.3 Where feasible, test slabs or specimens should beinstalled or supplied to verify the effectiveness of proposedfabrication procedures under actual job conditions. Ifnecessary, methods and procedures should then be modified forthe actual job installation
40、based on these results. The accep-tance of the test slab or specimen by the owner as to tolerancesand surface finish should clarify requirements for the projectslab and becomes the project “Exemplar/Benchmark.”5.3.2.4 The exact remedy to be applied to every possibleconcrete surface tolerance deficie
41、ncy should be confirmed withthe designer.5.3.3 Levelness and flatness design in concrete skateparkconstruction should define acceptable tolerances for radii ofcurved surfaces, flatness values on a radius should be similar tothose of a flat surface. This applies to all elevation changetolerances, ban
42、ks, ledges, and so forth.5.4 Expansion Joints and Control Joints:5.4.1 Expansion joints should be placed where they are leastlikely to interfere with a wheel. Careful consideration toexpansion joints location must be given, using the flow ofskaters as critical design criteria.5.4.2 Unfilled cut cont
43、rol joint must not exceed18 of aninch.5.4.3 Filled Control JointSize of control joint is notimportant. It must be a rigid control joint filler, which must beflush with the skating surface and close the joint completely.5.4.4 Tooled Control JointsJoints should be placed wherethey are least likely to
44、interfere with skate wheels, and a cutcontrol joint is not possible.5.5 Consolidation and Compaction of Concrete AroundExposed Steel MaterialsThe placement of concrete on slopedradii or any areas incorporating a change in elevation is criticalto the stability of the exposed steel material or concret
45、e coping.The difficulty of achieving proper consolidation around thesteel material and their reinforced attachments through the useof standard air removal consolidation techniques can lead toslumping and the creation of an air pocket around the steelmaterial, which may not be visible during construc
46、tion andmay result in concrete failure on the riding surface. See Section8.3 of ACI 302.1R-04 and ACI 309R for detailed discussion.6. Other Requirements6.1 Protective Edging:6.1.1 If protective edging/surface is used, it shall be flushwith the finished riding surface. It shall be strong enough topro
47、tect the surface from damage and excessive wear due toprolonged use.6.1.2 When protective edging is used as protection againstbike pegs, it shall extend a minimum of 4.0 in. behind thecoping, and be flush with the riding surface.6.2 Coping shall protrude 0.25 6 0.125 in. above the restingdeck and sh
48、all protrude 0.25 + 0.25 in. or 0.125 in. aboveriding surfaces (see Fig. 1).6.2.1 The outside radius of coping shall be a minimum of1.18 in. or 30 mm.6.3 Gaps or transitions between riding surfaces intended tobe in the same plane shall not exceed 0.188 in. in any direction.7. Owners Responsibility7.
49、1 SignageSkatepark signage shall be provided by theowner/operator for installation on a signboard at the skatepark.7.2 Skatepark signage, free standing or fixed fence, mustcomply with the following:7.2.1 Convey safety information to the user and to thoseproviding parental or guardian supervision.7.2.2 Indicate that adult supervision of minors is or is notpresent.7.2.3 Indicate the owner-operator emergency telephonenumbers.FIG. 1 Coping ExampleF2480 06 (2017)37.2.4 Indicate emergency telephone numbers for medical,ambulance, and police.7
