1、Designation: F2620 13 An American National StandardStandard Practice forHeat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice describes procedures for making jointswith polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means o
3、f heatfusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Othersuitable heat fusion joining procedures are available fromvarious sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. Thisstandard does not purport to address all possible heat fusionjoining procedures, or to preclude the use of qu
4、alified proce-dures developed by other parties that have been proved toproduce reliable heat fusion joints.1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only tojoining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymerchemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Speci-fication D2513 and P
5、E potable water, sewer and industrial pipemanufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035,and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufac-turers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe tobe joined (see Appendix X1).NOTE 1Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings t
6、hat haverelated polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI)TR-33 and TR-41.1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given inpresent ASTM specifications are required to produce soundjoints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using thejoining techniques describe
7、d in this practice.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, andappe
8、ndixes which provide explanatory material. These notesand footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall notbe considered as requirements of the practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
9、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas PressurePipe, Tubing, and FittingsD3035 Specification for Polye
10、thylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterF714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF1056 Specification for Socket Fusion Tools for Use inSocket Fusion Joining Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing andFittings2.2 PPI Documents:TR-33 Gene
11、ric Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for FieldJoining of Polyethylene3TR-41 Generic Saddle Fusion Joining Procedure for Poly-ethylene Gas Piping32.3 AWWA Documents:AWWA C901 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Tubing,12 in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm), forWater Service4AWWA C906 Standard
12、for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Fittings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 63 in. (1575 mm), forWater Distribution and Transmission43. Summary of Practice3.1 The principle of heat fusion joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe is to heat two prepared surfaces to a designatedtemperature, then fuse them togethe
13、r by application of asufficient force. This force causes the melted materials to flowand mix, thereby resulting in fusion.3.2 The heat-fusion procedures covered in this practice aresocket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
14、Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2620 12. DOI:10.1520/F2620-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
15、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.
16、org.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis
17、 international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TB
18、T) Committee.13.2.1 Procedure 1, Socket FusionThe socket-fusion pro-cedure involves simultaneously heating the outside surface ofa pipe end and the inside of a fitting socket, which is sized tobe smaller than the smallest outside diameter of the pipe. Afterthe proper melt has been generated at each
19、face to be mated,the two components are joined by inserting one component intothe other. See Fig. 1. The fusion bond is formed at the interfaceresulting from the interference fit. The melts from the twocomponents flow together and fuse as the joint cools. Optionalalignment devices are used to hold t
20、he pipe and socket fittingin longitudinal alignment during the joining process; especiallywith pipe sizes IPS 3 in. (89 mm) and larger.Automated socketfusion is not addressed in this procedure.3.2.2 Procedure 2, Butt FusionThe butt-fusion procedurein its simplest form consists of heating the squared
21、 ends of twopipes, a pipe and a fitting, or two fittings, by holding themagainst a heated plate, removing the heater plate when theproper melt is obtained, promptly bringing the ends together,and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining the appropri-ate applied force.3.2.2.1 An appropriately siz
22、ed butt fusion machine is usedto clamp, align and face the pipe or fitting ends and to apply thespecified fusion force. See Fig. 2.3.2.3 Procedure 3, Saddle FusionThe saddle-fusion pro-cedure involves melting the concave surface of the base of asaddle fitting, while simultaneously melting a matching
23、 patternon the surface of the pipe, bringing the two melted surfacestogether and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining theappropriate applied force. See Fig. 3.3.2.3.1 An appropriately sized saddle fusion machine isused to clamp the pipe main and the fitting, align the parts andapply the spec
24、ified fusion force.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures described in Sections 79are primarilyintended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropri-ate environmental control procedures. When properlyimplemented, strong pressu
25、re/leak-tight joints are produced.When these joints are destructively tested, the failure occursoutside the fusion joined area.4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and mo-lecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishingsuitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider
26、the manufactur-ers instructions in the use or development of a specific fusionprocedure. See Annex A1.4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion proce-dures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe andfittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purposepipes and fitti
27、ngs made to PE product specifications fromorganizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that areused in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications.For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testingjoints made using the procedure in accordance with regulationsfrom the authorit
28、y having jurisdiction are required.5. Operator Experience5.1 Skill and knowledge on the part of the operator arerequired to obtain a good quality joint. This skill and knowl-edge is obtained by making joints in accordance with provenprocedures under the guidance of skilled operators. Evaluateoperato
29、r proficiency by testing sample joints.FIG. 1 Socket FusionF2620 1325.2 The party responsible for the joining of polyethylenepipe and fittings shall ensure that detailed procedures devel-oped in conjunction with applicable codes and regulations andthe manufacturers of the pipe, fittings, and joining
30、 equipmentinvolved, including the safety precautions to be followed, areissued before actual joining operations begin.6. ApparatusGeneral Recommendations6.1 Heating ToolElectric heating tools come in a varietyof sizes that match the fusion machines capabilities. They aredesigned with enough wattage
31、and electronic control to main-tain the specified heater face temperature required in thisprocedure. The range of the heater control shall be larger thanthe heating temperature specification (the typical control rangeis 50F (30C) above and below the maximum and minimumrequired heating tool surface t
32、emperatures. Electric heatingplates maintain consistent fusion temperatures when providedwith an adequate power source.FIG. 2 Butt FusionFIG. 3 Saddle FusionF2620 1336.2 Heating Tool FacesHeating tools may be made frommaterials such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or copperalloys. Polyethylene
33、 material may stick to hot metal heatingsurfaces. This sticking may be minimized by applying anon-stick coating to the heating surfaces or by fitting ahigh-temperature, non-stick fabric over the heating surfaces.The heating plate surfaces, coated or uncoated, shall be keptclean and free of contamina
34、nts such as dirt, grease and plasticbuild-up, which may cause excessive sticking and createunsatisfactory joints. Most of these contaminants are removedfrom the hot tool surfaces using a clean, dry, lint-free,non-synthetic cloth such as cotton. Do not use synthetic fabricswhich may char and stick to
35、 the fusion surface. Somepigments, such as carbon black, may stain a heating surfaceand probably cannot be removed; such stains will not contami-nate the joint interface.6.2.1 After a period of time in service, non-stick coatings orfabrics will deteriorate and become less effective. Deterioratedfabr
36、ics shall be replaced, and worn, scratched, or gougednon-stick coatings shall be re-coated when they lose effective-ness. Heat fusion quality may be adversely affected by dete-riorated non-stick surfaces. Spray-on chemicals, such as non-stick lubricants or oils shall not be applied to heating ironsu
37、rfaces as they will contaminate the joint.6.3 Temperature IndicatorHeating tools shall be equippedwith a thermometer or other built-in temperature indicatingdevice. This device indicates the internal temperature of theheating iron, which is usually higher than temperature of theheating tool surfaces
38、. Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ensure uniform surface temperature.An infraredpyrometer is c
39、alibrated by comparison to a calibrated surfacepyrometer and adjusted to agree on each heating tool.NOTE 2A significant temperature variation, that is, cold spots, on theheating tool surfaces may indicate a faulty heating iron which may needto be serviced before it can be used.7. Procedure 1Socket F
40、usion7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 Socket Fusion ToolsSocket fusion tools consist of aheating tool, heating tool faces, rounding clamps (cold rings),depth gage/chamfer tools, and pipe/fittings made to ASTMspecifications.7.1.2 Heating ToolIn order to obtain a proper melt, it isnecessary for a uniform temperatu
41、re to be maintained acrossthe heating tool faces. An electrical tool shall have sufficientwattage and control to maintain the specified surface tempera-ture of the tool faces.7.1.3 Heating Tool FacesConsisting of two parts, a maleend for the interior socket surface and a female end for theexterior p
42、ipe surface. Both parts shall be made to suchtolerances as to cause an interference fit. Heating tool faces areproduced to Specification F1056 dimensions, and are coatedwith a non-stick material to keep melted pipe and fittingmaterial from sticking to the face.7.1.4 Alignment JigThe alignment jig is
43、 an optional toolwhich consists of two sets of devices holding the componentsin alignment to each other. One set of holding devices is fixed,and the other allows longitudinal movement for making thejoint.7.1.5 Rounding Clamps, (cold ring) to maintain roundnessof the pipe and control the depth of pip
44、e insertion into thesocket during the joining operation.7.1.6 Depth Gage, for proper positioning of the roundingclamp on the pipe.7.1.7 Chamfering Tool, to bevel the end of the pipe.NOTE 3The depth gage and chamfering tool may be combined into asingle tool.7.1.8 Tubing Cutter, to obtain a square end
45、 cut on the pipe.7.1.9 Fitting Puller, an optional tool to assist in the removalof the fitting from the heating tool and to hold the fitting duringassembly.7.2 Procedure:7.2.1 Attach the proper size heater faces to the heating tool,and bring the surface temperature of the tool faces to 490 to510F (2
46、54 to 266C). Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ensure uniform surface temperature. Heatingtool t
47、hermometers measure the internal temperature of theheating tool, which is typically higher than the surface tem-perature of the heating tool faces.7.2.2 Cut the pipe end squarely, and clean the pipe end andfitting, both inside and outside, by wiping with a clean, dry,lint-free, non-synthetic cloth s
48、uch as cotton. If this does notremove the contamination, refer to X1.7.1.7.2.3 Chamfer the outside edge of the pipe end slightly andfix the rounding clamp about the pipe as determined from thedepth gage. (See Note 4.)7.2.4 Clean the heater adapters by wiping them with a clean,dry, lint-free, non-syn
49、thetic cloth such as cotton to remove anycontamination from the surfaces. Push the socket fitting ontothe preheated fitting tool face first, and then push the pipe intothe pipe-side tool face until the rounding clamps make contactwith the heating faces.7.2.5 Heat the pipe end and the fitting socket for the timerequired in Table 1.7.2.6 At the end of the heating time, simultaneously removethe pipe and fitting straight out from the tool, using a snapaction. Immediately insert the pipe straight into the socket ofthe fitting so the rounding clamp is flush again
