1、Designation: F2947/F2947M 14Standard Specification for150 to 1500 mm 6 to 60 in. Annular Corrugated Profile-WallPolyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary SewerApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2947/F2947M; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements and
3、test methodsfor annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe andfittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameterscovered are 150 to 1500 mm 6 to 60 in.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use fornon-pressure sa
4、nitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings pro-duced in accordance with this specification shall be installed incompliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with aninterior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units
5、 or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precaut
6、ionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and d
7、etermine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked AusteniticStainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated
8、Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in OlefinPlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method fo
9、r Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor Applic
10、ationsD2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and FlexuralCreep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-tings MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determinat
11、ion of Carbon BlackContent in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD4389 Specification for Finished Glass Fabrics Woven FromRovingsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and
12、Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped IsothermalMethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic PipeF2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress(NCL
13、S) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resis-tance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated PipeG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the
14、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved March 15, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2947121DOI:10.1520/F2947-142For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
15、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
16、ken, PA 19428-2959. United States1G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 AASHTO Standard:3LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi-cations Section 12Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in ac
17、cordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation forpolyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 profile wall, nin this case, the profile pipe wallconstruction provides an interior
18、 liner in the waterway andincludes ribs, corrugations, or other shapes, which can be eithersolid or hollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametricaldeformation.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shallinclude the following information to adequately describe
19、thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Diameters,4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.4 Pipe laying length,4.1.5 Fitting type(s):4.1.5.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.5.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5.
20、Materials and Manufacture5.1 Pipe and Fabricated FittingsThe pipe and fabricatedfittings shall be made from virgin PE compound meeting therequirements of Specification D3350 with a minimum cellclassification of 435400C or 435400E. Black compound shallhave a carbon black content equal to or greater t
21、han 2.0 wt %and shall not exceed 3.0 wt % per 6.1.2. Colored compoundsshall contain sufficient UV stabilizers to protect against UVdegradation. For quality assurance purposes, the cell classifi-cation shall be performed on compression molded plaque,made according to Test Method D4703 and cooled at 1
22、5C/min27F/min. The pipe density shall be corrected for percentagecarbon black according to Specification D3350. Compoundsthat have a higher cell classification in one or more perfor-mance properties shall be permitted provided all other productrequirements are met.NOTE 1Pipe users should consult wit
23、h the pipe manufacturer aboutthe outdoor exposure life of the product under consideration. Evaluationof UV stabilizer in Code E color PE compound using Practice D2565,Practice G154 or Practice G155 may be useful for this purpose. Exposureto sunlight during normal construction periods is not harmful.
24、 It is goodpractice to store pipe and fittings under suitable cover prior to installation.5.2 ReworkClean rework generated from the manufactur-ers own pipe and fittings production of this product shall bepermitted to be used by the same manufacturer. Rework shallbe the same cell classification as ne
25、w PE compound with whichit is blended and the pipe produced shall meet all therequirements of this specification.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be black orcolor; shall be homogeneous throughout; and shall be asuniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, an
26、ddensity. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters,voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visible to thenaked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. The ends shallbe cut cleanly and squarely through valleys.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, and delamin
27、a-tions in pipe are not permissible.6.1.2 Carbon black content in this pipe or fitting shall betested in accordance with Test Method D1603 or Test MethodD4218.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe andfittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1.NOTE 2
28、The actual inside diameter of a pipe depends on the materialdistribution, construction and stiffness. It may be considerably higher thanthe minimums specified in this table. For more information, see themanufacturers documentation.6.2.2 Mean Inside DiameterThe manufacturers statedmean inside diamete
29、r shall be as shown in Table 1, whenmeasured in accordance with 7.3.1.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.FIG. 1 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe ProfileF2947/F
30、2947M 142NOTE 3The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of productsmanufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings made to this specification from differentmanufacturers must be verified.6.2.3 Laying LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in
31、 anylaying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufac-turer. Laying length shall not be less than 99 % of statedquantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2.6.2.4 Liner ThicknessThe minimum liner thickness of thepipe shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 whenmeasured in accordance
32、with 7.3.3.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when testedin accordance with 7.4.NOTE 4The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testingconvenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. Theengineer is r
33、esponsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams,separation of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof,when tested in accordance with 7.5.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shal
34、l be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams,separation of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof, onany specimen when tested in accordance with 7.6.6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fittings fabricated from pipe meeting this speci-fication and s
35、upplied or recommended by the pipe manufac-turer shall be used. Fabricated fittings shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design thatpreserves alignment during construction and prevents separa-tion at the joints.6.6.3 Pipe an
36、d fittings shall have a watertight bell/spigotjoint that complies with the laboratory tests defined anddescribed in Test Method D3212 and utilizes a gasket thatcomplies with the requirements of Specification F477. Alljoints shall show no signs of leakage when tested in accordancewith Specification D
37、3212. Note that special provisions must betaken in order that joints made to field cut pipe meet therequirements of Specification D3212. Any component used inthe joining material shall be resistant to effluents being carriedin the pipe.6.6.4 Optional Bell Restraining BandsBell restrainingbands, when
38、 used, shall be made of corrosion resistant mate-rials such as fiberglass (Specification D4389) or stainless steel(Specification A666).6.6.5 Joint Proof-of-DesignTo assess the effects of long-term properties of the pipe and gasket material under a jointassembly, a joint proof-of-design test shall be
39、 conducted on thepipe joints using the test method outlined in 7.8. Each jointproof of design pressure test shall be conducted by anindependent third party, which provides written certificationfor each test. This test is a one-time validation test for thespecific pipe diameter, profile geometry, gas
40、ket and jointconfiguration supplied by the manufacturer. This proof-of-design test shall be conducted on at least one pipe diameterwithin the prescribed diameter range and shall be conducted oneach diameter that differs in joint design. If the joint designdoes not change within the prescribed range,
41、 the largestdiameter shall be tested. If the diameter range includes morethan 5 different pipe diameters, then two sizes shall be tested;the largest and smallest diameters.6.7 Slow Crack Growth ResistancePipeFor slow crack-growth resistance, the pipe shall be evaluated using the notchedconstant liga
42、ment stress (NCLS) test according to the proce-dure described in 7.7. The NCLS test shall be conducted onmolded plaques, and the average failure time of the five testspecimens shall exceed 41 h with no single test specimensfailure time less than 29 h.6.8 Structural Design:6.8.1 The manufacturer shal
43、l supply appropriate data nec-essary to satisfy the requirements of deflection, thrust,buckling, bending stress and long-term strain in accordancewith the design criteria of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge DesignSpecification (LRFD, Section 12). The design engineer shallverify that the data provided by the m
44、anufacturer satisfy theproduct requirements.TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsNominalDiameterMean InsideDiameterMinimum Pipe StiffnessStiffness 5% DeflectionMinimum LinerThicknessmm in. mm in. kPa lb/in./in. mm in.150 6 145 5.91 441 64 1.0 0.039200 8 195 7.87 414 60 1.1 0.043225 9 220 8.86 4
45、07 59 1.2 0.047250 10 245 9.84 400 58 1.3 0.051300 12 294 11.57 372 54 1.4 0.055375 15 369 14.51 310 45 1.7 0.067400 16 392 15.43 303 44 1.8 0.071450 18 450 17.72 297 43 1.9 0.074500 20 490 19.29 276 40 2.0 0.079600 24 588 23.15 262 38 2.2 0.087750 30 751 29.56 228 33 2.4 0.094800 32 785 30.91 200 2
46、9 2.6 0.102900 36 902 35.49 179 26 2.7 0.1061000 40 985 38.79 179 26 2.9 0.1141050 42 1051 41.39 172 25 3.2 0.1261200 48 1185 46.65 152 22 3.5 0.1381500 60 1501 59.10 138 20 4.0 0.157F2947/F2947M 1436.8.2 The minimum long-term (50-year) design values formodulus of elasticity and tensile strength for
47、 the PE com-pounds shall be 152 MPa (22,000 psi) and 6.2 MPa (900 psi),respectively. The maximum allowable long-term (50-year)tensile strain limit for design shall be 5 %.6.8.2.1 Creep Rupture StrengthSpecimens fabricated inthe same manner and composed of the same materials as thefinished pipe shall
48、 have a 50-year creep rupture tensile strengthat 23C (73F) not less than 6.2 MPa (900 psi), whendetermined in accordance with 7.9.6.8.2.2 Creep ModulusSpecimens fabricated in the samemanner and composed of the same materials as the finishedpipe shall have a 50-year tensile creep modulus at 23C (73F)
49、at the stress level of 3.5 MPa (500 psi) not less than 152 MPa(22,000 psi). The creep modulus shall be determined inaccordance with 7.10.NOTE 5The 50-year creep rupture strength and 50-year creep modulusvalues, determined by the test methods in 7.9 and 7.10, are used to definethe slope of the logarithmic regression curves to describe the requiredmaterial properties sampled from the product. They are not to beinterpreted as service life limits.7. Test Methods7.1 Conditioning:7.1.1 Referee TestingWhen conditioning is required fo
