1、Designation: F2994 13Standard Practice forUtilization of Mobile, Automated Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP)Impregnation Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the impreg-nation of 4 to 48 in (100 to 1200 mm) diameter cured-i
3、n-placepipe utilizing mobile, automated systems. Temporary impreg-nation facilities set up at the jobsite (“over-the-hole” wet outs)are not covered under this standard. Once resin saturation iscomplete, the wet out liner is then used to rehabilitate existinggravity flow or pressure pipelines, proces
4、s piping, electricalconduits or ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purpor
5、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600
6、 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD5813 Specification for Cured-In-Place ThermosettingResin Sewer Piping SystemsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnat
7、ed Tube3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 certificate of analysis (COA), nDocumented evi-dence of the qualit
8、y control testing performed on the resin andcatalyst formulations. As a minimum, the COA shall includethe product name; batch number; date of manufacture; name,address and phone number of manufacturer; test methods; testlimits and actual results.3.2.2 CIPP automation, nThe use of PLCs and HMIs tocon
9、trol the operation of a mobile impregnation unit. As aminimum, the following functions shall be controlled andmonitored by the CIPP automation process: Operating speedand pressure of resin and catalyst pumps; resin and catalysttemperature, mixing ratio, tank levels, utilization, recirculationand dis
10、pense; vacuum pump operation; calibration roller speed,direction and gap setting. Data from all installations shall beelectronically stored on an internal memory device integratedinto the HMI and shall be downloadable to an external storagedevice for project quality assurance recordkeeping. The data
11、stored shall at a minimum include: project name, identificationnumber and location; date and time of processing wet out;CIPP liner diameter, thickness and length; and resin andcatalyst temperatures and volumes utilized. Additional datarecorded may include the calibration roller distance, gapsetting
12、and roller speed.3.2.3 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), na hollow cylindercontaining a nonwoven or a woven material, or a combinationof nonwoven and woven material surrounded by a curedthermosetting resin. Plastic coatings may be included. Thispipe is formed within an existing pipe. Therefore, it takes t
13、heshape of and fits tightly to the existing pipe.3.2.4 electric calibration roller, nElectrically driven orvariable speed hydraulic drive device used to assist with theimpregnation process. Resin saturated liners shall pass throughthe rollers at a set speed and gap setting. The gap setting shallbe a
14、djustable and measurable via a mechanical scale or theelectronic display of the HMI. The linear rate of the CIPP linerprocessed through the roller shall be adjustable via a variablespeed drive or the electronic display of the HMI.3.2.5 impregnation module, nfully contained, insulatedsystem used in t
15、he production of CIPP on a mobile impregna-tion unit.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe module shall operate through CIPP1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current
16、 edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. DOI:10.1520/F2994-132For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
17、the ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1automation and as a minimum shall include the followingcomponents: precision pumps and metering devices, bulk resinand catalyst storage tanks with temperature control sy
18、stem,roller bed, work table, external connections for resin andcatalyst filling, compatible piping, hoses, directional flowcontrol valves, vacuum system, hoses and connections andresin mixing chamber including static mixer. The vacuumpump may be installed inside or outside the insulated module.3.2.6
19、 mobile impregnation unit, na mobile system, usuallypermanently mounted on a trailer or truck, used to manufactureCIPP at or nearby the point of installation using CIPP automa-tion.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 PLC, nprogrammable logic controller3.3.2 HMI, nhuman machine interface (touch screen)4. Significance
20、 and Use4.1 This practice is for use by installers who are involved inthe rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a mobile,automated CIPP impregnation system to manufacture resinimpregnated tube installed through an existing conduit. As forany practice, modifications may be required for specif
21、ic jobconditions.5. Materials5.1 All materials shall be handled, packaged, marked andtransported in accordance with local, state and federal regula-tions and requirements.5.2 Liner tubeThe liner tube shall consist of one or morelayers of flexible needled felt or fiberglass, or both, anequivalent non
22、woven or woven material, or a combination ofnonwoven and woven materials or fiberglass, or a combinationthereof, capable of carrying resin, withstanding installationpressures and curing temperatures. The tube shall be compat-ible with the resin system used. The outside layer of the tubeshall be coat
23、ed or protected with a material that is compatiblewith the resin system used. The tube shall be fabricated to asize that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumfer-ence and the length of the original conduit.5.3 ResinA formulated resin and catalyst that is compat-ible with the automati
24、on process and end use application shallbe used. The resin shall have an initiation temperature for curethat is less than 180F (82.2C).5.4 CatalystA curing agent, hardener, initiator, diluent,admixture, or combination thereof.6. Design Considerations6.1 Wall ThicknessThe CIPP wall thickness shall be
25、designed in accordance with Practice F1216, Appendix X1.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, the CIPP shall meet therequirements of grade 3, Type I, II or III CIPP as described inSpecification D5813.7. Equipment7.1 Resin pumpsPositive displacement pumps specificallydesigned for the formulated resin and c
26、atalyst utilized shall beused. The pumps shall be capable of delivering the requiredvolume of mixed resin to the tube during impregnation in asuitable time frame and shall also be capable of pulling suctionfor tank filling.7.2 Piping, fittings and tanksAll piping, fittings and tanksused to convey, c
27、irculate and store resin and catalyst shall bemade of a material suitable for constant contact with therespective material(s). Resin and catalyst tanks shall meet allfederal, state and local regulations for material transport.7.3 Flow meterPrecision metering device used to measureresin and catalyst
28、quantities with an accuracy tolerance of 61.0% or better by volume.7.4 Temperature control systemA heat exchange systemused to regulate resin and catalyst temperatures. Acceptablemethods may include utilizing temperature controlled air orwater, glycol lines, or heat tracing and insulation.7.5 Static
29、 mixerPlastic or stainless steel device consistingof mixing elements within a carrier tube that is used tothoroughly mix resin and catalyst prior to liner impregnation.The static mixer shall be appropriately designed and sized forthe viscosity and flow rate of the mixed resin utilized.7.6 Vacuum sys
30、temA device used to remove air from aliner and assist with liner impregnation. The vacuum pumpshall have a minimum capacity of 9.4 ft3/min (16 m3/hr) for upto 12 in. (300 mm) diameter CIPP and 23.5 ft3/min (40 m3/hr)for CIPP greater than 12 in. (300 mm). The vacuum systemshall have an integrated vac
31、uum regulator, vacuum gauge witha range of 0 to -14.5 psi (0 to -1.0 bar), distribution piping/hoses with the necessary connections and service points, and aball valve and suction cup attached to the terminating end ofeach vacuum hose. Vacuum hose shall be made of a suitablematerial, such as clear r
32、einforced PVC, with a minimum insidediameter of 0.375 in (9.5 mm). Suction cups shall be 2.5Bellows or similar style and capable of accommodating flat,concave or slanted surfaces.8. System Operation8.1 The mobile impregnation unit shall be supplied withadequate power and internal memory for data sto
33、rage, and beequipped with an emergency stop.8.2 The HMI shall be utilized to input project specificinformation. This includes customer and jobsite data, CIPPdiameter, thickness and length or other applicable data points,or a combination thereof.8.3 Resin and catalyst tank levels and temperatures sha
34、ll bechecked prior to using the mobile impregnation system. Ifadditional resin is needed, material inventory should be in-spected prior to use. Resin and catalyst should be storedindoors in sealed containers within a temperature range rec-ommended by the resin manufacturer. Prior to use, the resinsh
35、ould be tested for reactivity in accordance with manufactur-ers recommendations. In lieu of reactivity testing, a COA maybe obtained from the resin manufacturer for each batch of resinand catalyst utilized. Resin and catalyst tanks may be filled todesirable levels using external transfer pumps and/o
36、r on-boardresin and catalyst pumps with gravity assist.F2994 1328.4 The mobile impregnation system shall be in resincirculation mode prior to start up. Upon system start up, allfunctions and components shall be checked and verified to beoperational and within the manufacturers recommended toler-ance
37、s. Resin and catalyst temperature levels shall also bechecked prior to use. The mobile impregnation system shall notbe operated if resin and catalyst temperatures fall outside therange recommended by the manufacturer. Resin that is too coldwill have a viscosity that is too high, causing excessive pu
38、mppressures; resin that is too warm will reduce the pot life of themixed resin. Work room climate control systems such as roofmounted HVAC, stand heating or refrigeration units may beutilized in conjunction with temperature control systems asdescribed in 7.4 to assist with the material heating or co
39、olingprocess.8.5 All liner tube should be stored indoors or protected frommoisture and ultraviolet light when not in use. Storage tem-perature for all liner tube shall be within acceptable limits asestablished by the manufacturer. The tube(s) proposed to beused for the next installation(s) may be tr
40、ansported in bulk tothe job-site or measured, cut and stored inside the mobileimpregnation unit prior to mobilization.8.6 Once the mobile impregnation unit is ready for use andthe liner tube is pre-measured and cut, the liner tube may bepositioned on the roller bed and table. The terminating end oft
41、he liner shall be temporarily sealed before applying vacuum.Using a utility knife, a vacuum port, typically a straight0.25-0.50 in. (6-12 mm) slit, shall be cut in a flat, even area ofthe liner coating (away from any seams) and tagged. Depend-ing on the length and diameter of liner being impregnated
42、,additional vacuum ports may be required. The vacuum pumpshall be powered up using the HMI display and vacuum cup(s)applied to the liner tube over the vacuum port(s). The vacuumlevel shall be adjusted as needed to optimize the impregnationprocess. Ideal vacuum levels may range from -4.4 to -7.3 psi(
43、-0.3 to -0.5 bar), depending on diameter and liner typeutilized. If good vacuum is established, the liner will drawdown as air is evacuated. If vacuum cannot be established, theliner should be inspected for defects. Once a good vacuumlevel is observed, the liner tube is ready for resin saturation.8.
44、7 The target mixing ratio on the HMI shall be achievedand maintained prior to transitioning into dispense mode. Theend of the mixing tube or lance shall then be positioned over ametal or heat resistant container of suitable size for wastematerials. Upon switching to dispense mode, a small volume ofm
45、ixed resin shall be discharged into the container. Once theresin color and flow is normal and consistent as recommendedby the manufacturer, the discharge flow shall be shut off byreturning to circulation mode.8.8 The mixing tube or lance shall be inserted into the openend of the liner tube. Upon swi
46、tching back to dispense mode,mixed resin shall be pumped into the tube. A starter slug maybe pumped in at the start to seal the end of the liner tube andassist with vacuum impregnation. Once a target resin slugquantity is achieved, the operator shall return to circulationmode and remove mixing tube
47、or lance from the liner.8.9 The end of the liner shall be positioned through thecalibration rollers. The proper gap setting shall be employed,calculated and set based on liner tube thickness and manufac-turers recommendations. The default gap setting on the mobileimpregnation unit shall be set autom
48、atically from input data butmay be manually adjusted as needed to accommodate productspecific needs. The rollers shall then be started and maintainedat an optimal speed which is achieved when the resin saturationline is maintained at a constant position on the roller bed. If theroller is running too
49、 fast, the resin saturation line will migratetowards the pinch roller; if its operating too slowly, the resinsaturation line will move away from the roller.8.10 When required, vacuum ports may be moved furtheralong the length of the unsaturated liner as the wet out processprogresses. Vacuum ports must be placed on unsaturated linerand must be sealed (patched) prior to reaching the resinsaturation line. Vacuum patches shall be applied in accordancewith manufacturers recommendations.8.11 If additional resin slugs are required, an injection slotshall be cut in
